CN114711039A - Fruit tree grafting method - Google Patents
Fruit tree grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114711039A CN114711039A CN202110911196.XA CN202110911196A CN114711039A CN 114711039 A CN114711039 A CN 114711039A CN 202110911196 A CN202110911196 A CN 202110911196A CN 114711039 A CN114711039 A CN 114711039A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fruit tree grafting method, which comprises the following steps: cultivating seedlings; transplanting; grafting; secondary transplanting; fixing a rod; the insect-resistant fruit tree seedling culture medium is suitable for the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and is mainly characterized in that the cold-resistant performance of fruit trees is improved, the fruit trees can resist cold to low temperature of about-28 ℃ through actual planting experiments in laboratories and greenhouses, and the fruit tree seedling culture medium is suitable for greenhouse planting in northern regions, and due to the fact that sunlight is sufficient in high-cold regions and the sunshine time is long, the fruit tree seedling culture medium is more one floor above the original good taste and texture, the weight of a monomer is 1500 g at most, and the average weight is 500 g or so; the product has no pesticide residue due to the adoption of technical means such as farmyard manure and the like in the whole process, and fills the blank of apple planting in extremely high and cold areas in the north; because the tree form is strictly controlled, the yield per mu of the variety is greatly increased after improvement, the yield per mu can reach about 7000 in the fruit-rich period, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly relates to a fruit tree grafting method.
Background
Fruit tree grafting is one of the asexual propagation methods of fruit trees, namely, a branch or bud on a good variety of plants is grafted to a proper part of another plant, and the two are combined to generate a new plant;
however, the existing fruit tree grafting technology only enables different types of fruits to grow on the same fruit tree, the shape of the fruit tree is not improved, the grafted fruit tree still cannot adapt to various inferior environments, and particularly, the cold resistance of the existing grafted fruit tree is extremely poor in severe cold environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a fruit tree grafting method.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fruit tree grafting method comprises the following steps:
seedling cultivation: taking 52-degree sardine at northern latitude as a female parent, taking sardine seeds, soaking for 6-7 days, accelerating germination in 18-22 days in 2 months in the first year, sowing in the middle ten days in 4 months in the first year, starting in autumn in the first year, and placing the seedlings into a refrigerator for low-temperature storage;
transplanting: transplanting in spring of the second year, planting in double rows with ridge spacing of 650;
grafting: grafting is started in 8 months and 1-10 days in the next year;
secondary transplanting: transplanting for the second time in spring of the third year;
fixing a rod: the fixed rod is arranged above the dwarfing anvil by 20 to 25 centimeters, the fixed rod is completely cut off, a cut is formed into a bevel shape, and then the cut is sealed by lead oil;
insect prevention: spraying pesticide to prevent insects after the trees are completely planted in the lead oil; spraying bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim.
Preferably, the method further comprises pruning: in the second year, one lateral branch is cut off, 1-3 trunks are left, in the third year, one third of each trunk is cut off, two thirds of each trunk are left, and the trunks are generally left at 30-35 cm according to the growth vigor of the trees.
Preferably, the pregermination time is more than 50 days
Preferably, the grafting comprises the following steps:
firstly, grafting the dwarfing stock on the sardine, and enabling the sardine to safely pass the winter;
in the spring of the third year, the head of the sardine is wiped off, and the sardine naturally grows directly by using the dwarfing stock tooth, and at the moment, the dwarfing stock forms a primary shape and grows to about one square and a half;
adopting a method of dental grafting or wood dental grafting, then using the female parent to graft the scion of the fruit tree on the dwarfing stock, and taking out the fruit tree in autumn in the third year, and then storing in winter.
Preferably, the secondary transplanting comprises:
selecting high-quality fertile black soil, and adding a fertilizer to ensure that the soil is soft and is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees, wherein the fertilizer comprises one of horse manure, cow manure or pine needles;
or canning into a culture vessel with the diameter of 300-.
Preferably, the pesticide is sprayed to prevent insects, and the sprayed pesticide is one of bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim;
the pesticide spraying and insect prevention are carried out 2-3 times per year.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the biggest characteristic of improving the cold resistance of fruit trees, can resist cold to low temperature of about minus 28 ℃ through laboratory and greenhouse actual planting experiments, is suitable for greenhouse planting in northern regions, has enough sunlight and long sunshine time in alpine regions, leads the variety to be more one floor on the basis of original good taste and texture, and has the largest monomer weight of 1500 g and the average weight of about 500 g;
the product has no pesticide residue due to the adoption of technical means such as farmyard manure and the like in the whole process, and fills the blank of apple planting in extremely high and cold areas in the north;
because the tree form is strictly controlled, the yield per mu of the variety is greatly increased after improvement, the yield per mu can reach about 7000 in the fruit-rich period, and the economic benefit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fruit tree grafting method of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following further describes a specific embodiment of the fruit tree grafting method according to the invention with reference to fig. 1. The fruit tree grafting method is not limited to the description of the following examples.
The invention provides a fruit tree grafting method, as shown in figure 1, comprising the following steps:
seedling cultivation: taking 52-degree sardine at northern latitude as a female parent, taking sardine seeds, soaking for 6-7 days, accelerating germination in 18-22 days in 2 months in the first year, sowing in the middle ten days in 4 months in the first year, starting in autumn in the first year, and placing the seedlings into a refrigerator for low-temperature storage;
transplanting: transplanting in spring of the second year, planting in double rows with ridge spacing of 650;
grafting: grafting is started in 8 months and 1-10 days in the next year;
secondary transplanting: transplanting for the second time in spring of the third year;
fixing a rod: the fixed rod is arranged above the dwarfing anvil by 20 to 25 centimeters, the fixed rod is completely cut off, a cut is formed into a bevel shape, and then the cut is sealed by lead oil;
insect prevention: spraying pesticide to prevent insects after the trees are completely planted in the lead oil; spraying bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim.
Specifically, pruning is also included: in the second year, one lateral branch is cut off, 1-3 trunks are left, in the third year, one third of each trunk is cut off, two thirds of each trunk are left, and the trunks are generally left at 30-35 cm according to the growth vigor of the trees.
Specifically, the germination accelerating time is more than 50 days
Specifically, grafting comprises the following steps:
firstly, grafting the dwarfing stock on the sardine, and enabling the sardine to safely pass the winter;
in the spring of the third year, the head of the sardine is wiped off, and the sardine naturally grows directly by using the dwarfing stock tooth, and at the moment, the dwarfing stock forms a primary shape and grows to about one square and a half;
adopting a method of dental grafting or wood dental grafting, then using the female parent to graft the scion of the fruit tree on the dwarfing stock, and taking out the fruit tree in autumn in the third year, and then storing in winter.
Further, secondary transplanting comprises:
selecting high-quality fertile black soil, and adding a fertilizer to ensure that the soil is soft and is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees, wherein the fertilizer comprises one of horse manure, cow manure or pine needles;
or canning into a culture vessel with the diameter of 300-400mm, the first watering amount is 1/3-1/2 of the volume of the culture vessel after canning, the water is watered again after three days, and the watering interval is 10-15 days after three days until the fruit tree sends out new roots.
Further, spraying insecticide, wherein the sprayed insecticide is one of bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim;
spraying pesticide for preventing insect for 2-3 times per year.
Example 1:
this embodiment provides a specific implementation of a fruit tree grafting method, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
seedling cultivation: taking 52-degree sardine at northern latitude as a female parent, taking sardine seeds, soaking for 6 days, accelerating germination in 18 days in 2 months in the first year, sowing in the middle ten days in 4 months in the first year, taking out the sardine seeds in autumn in the first year, and placing the seedlings into a refrigeration house for low-temperature storage;
transplanting: transplanting in spring of the second year, planting in double rows with ridge spacing of 650;
grafting: grafting is started in 8 months and 1 day of the next year;
secondary transplanting: transplanting for the second time in spring of the third year;
fixing a rod: the fixed rod is arranged above the dwarfing anvil by 20 centimeters, the fixed rod is completely sheared off, a shearing opening is formed into a bevel shape, and then the shearing opening is sealed by lead oil;
insect prevention: spraying pesticide to prevent insects after the trees are completely planted in the lead oil; spraying bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim.
Specifically, pruning is also included: in the second year, one lateral branch is cut off, 1-3 trunks are left, in the third year, one third of each trunk is cut off, two thirds of each trunk are left, and the trunk is left to be 30 centimeters according to the growth vigor of the tree.
Specifically, the germination accelerating time is more than 50 days
Specifically, grafting comprises the following steps:
firstly, grafting the dwarfing stock on the sardine, and enabling the sardine to safely pass the winter;
in the spring of the third year, the head of the sardine is wiped off, and the sardine naturally grows directly by using the dwarfing stock tooth, and at the moment, the dwarfing stock forms a primary shape and grows to about one square and a half;
adopting a method of dental grafting or wood dental grafting, then using the female parent to graft the scion of the fruit tree on the dwarfing stock, and taking out the fruit tree in autumn in the third year, and then storing in winter.
Further, secondary transplanting comprises:
selecting high-quality fertile black soil, and adding a fertilizer to ensure that the soil is soft and is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees, wherein the fertilizer comprises one of horse manure, cow manure or pine needles;
or canning into a culture vessel with diameter of 300mm, watering for the first time after canning to 1/3 the volume of the culture vessel, watering for the second time after three days, and watering for 10 days at the interval until the fruit tree sends out new roots.
Further, spraying insecticide, wherein the sprayed insecticide is one of bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim;
spraying pesticide for preventing insect for 2 times per year.
Example 2:
this embodiment provides a specific implementation of a fruit tree grafting method, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
seedling cultivation: taking 52-degree sardine at northern latitude as a female parent, taking sardine seeds, soaking for 7 days, accelerating germination in 22 days in 2 months in the first year, sowing in the middle ten days in 4 months in the first year, taking out the sardine seeds in autumn in the first year, and placing the seedlings into a refrigeration house for low-temperature storage;
transplanting: transplanting in spring of the second year, planting in double rows with ridge spacing of 650;
grafting: grafting is started in 8 months and 10 days in the next year;
secondary transplanting: transplanting for the second time in spring of the third year;
fixing a rod: the fixed rod is arranged 25 cm above the dwarfing anvil, the fixed rod is completely sheared off, a shearing opening is formed into a bevel shape, and then the shearing opening is sealed by lead oil;
insect prevention: spraying pesticide to prevent insects after the trees are completely planted in the lead oil; spraying bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim.
Specifically, pruning is also included: in the second year, one lateral branch is cut off, 3 trunks are left, in the third year, one third of each trunk is cut off, two thirds of each trunk are left, and the trunks are generally kept at 35 cm according to the growth vigor of the trees.
Specifically, the germination accelerating time is more than 50 days
Specifically, grafting comprises the following steps:
firstly, grafting the dwarfing stock on the sardine, and enabling the sardine to safely pass the winter;
in the spring of the third year, the head of the sardine is wiped off, and the sardine naturally grows directly by using the dwarfing stock tooth, and at the moment, the dwarfing stock forms a primary shape and grows to one square and a half;
adopting a method of dental grafting or wood dental grafting, then using the female parent to graft the scion of the fruit tree on the dwarfing stock, and taking out the fruit tree in autumn in the third year, and then storing in winter.
Further, secondary transplanting comprises:
selecting high-quality fertile black soil, and adding a fertilizer to ensure that the soil is soft and is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees, wherein the fertilizer comprises one of horse manure, cow manure or pine needles;
or canning into a culture vessel with diameter of 400mm, watering for the first time after canning to 1/2 the volume of the culture vessel, watering for the second time after three days, and watering for 15 days until the fruit tree sends out new roots.
Further, spraying insecticide, wherein the sprayed insecticide is one of bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim;
spraying pesticide for preventing insect for 3 times per year.
Example 3:
this embodiment provides a specific implementation of a fruit tree grafting method, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:
seedling cultivation: taking 52-degree sardine at northern latitude as a female parent, taking sardine seeds, soaking for 7 days, accelerating germination in 20 days in 2 months in the first year, sowing in the middle ten days in 4 months in the first year, taking out the sardine seeds in autumn in the first year, and placing the seedlings into a refrigeration house for low-temperature storage;
transplanting: transplanting in spring of the second year, planting in double rows with ridge spacing of 650;
grafting: grafting is started in 8 months and 5 days in the next year;
secondary transplanting: transplanting for the second time in spring of the third year;
fixing a rod: the fixed rod is arranged 23 cm above the dwarfing anvil, the whole fixed rod is cut off, the cut is made into a slant shape, and then the cut is sealed by lead oil;
insect prevention: spraying pesticide to prevent insects after the trees are completely planted after the lead oil is dried; spraying bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim.
Specifically, pruning is also included: in the second year, one lateral branch is cut off to leave 2 trunks, and in the third year, 1/3 trunks are cut off from each trunk, and the trunks are generally kept at 33 cm according to the growth vigor of the trees.
Specifically, the germination accelerating time is more than 50 days
Specifically, grafting comprises the following steps:
firstly, grafting the dwarfing stock on the sardine, and enabling the sardine to safely pass the winter;
in the spring of the third year, the head of the sardine is wiped off, and the sardine naturally grows directly by using the dwarfing stock tooth, and at the moment, the dwarfing stock forms a primary shape and grows to about one and a half feet;
adopting a method of dental grafting or wood dental grafting, then using the female parent to graft the scion of the fruit tree on the dwarfing stock, and taking out the fruit tree in autumn in the third year, and then storing in winter.
Further, secondary transplanting comprises:
selecting high-quality fertile black soil, and adding a fertilizer to ensure that the soil is soft and is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees, wherein the fertilizer comprises one of horse manure, cow manure or pine needles;
or canning into 350mm culture vessel, watering 1/3 the volume of the culture vessel for the first time after canning, watering again three days later, and watering for 13 days later until the fruit tree has new roots.
Further, spraying insecticide, wherein the sprayed insecticide is one of bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim;
spraying pesticide for preventing insect for 3 times per year.
The working principle is as follows: as shown in figure 1, seed of sarcandra glabra nakai of 52 degrees north latitude is taken as a female parent, sarcandra glabra nakai is soaked for 6 to 7 days, and germination is performed about 2 months and 20 days every year, wherein the time is preferably more than 60 days, and is at least not less than 50 days. Sowing in the middle ten days of 4 months every year, starting in autumn, putting the seedlings into a refrigeration house for low-temperature storage at about 1.5 centimeters.
Transplanting in spring of the next year, and planting in double rows with ridge spacing of 650. Therefore, the field management is convenient, the grafting is started at the beginning of 8 months, the height of the seedlings is different from 20 cm to 50 cm by adopting a tooth grafting mode. In the first cut we grafted the Shanding with GM256, a so-called dwarfing stock, to make it safe to pass winter. In the spring of the next year, the head of the mountain worm is wiped off, and GM256 teeth are directly used for natural growth, so that the GM256 forms a prototype at the moment. To about one and a half feet long, we adopt the two methods of tooth connection or wood tooth connection again. The apple tree is scion by the female parent. The apple trees can be grafted on GM256 by using dental grafting or wood dental grafting, so that the apple trees can be grown up in autumn. And then performing winter storage before freezing. Transplanting can be carried out in spring of the third year, high-quality fertile black soil, horse manure and cow manure can be selected for transplanting, and pine needles can be added for conditional transplanting, so that the soil is soft and is favorable for growth of fruit trees. Or can be filled into 300-400 pots, and can be selected by oneself. After canning, water is used for the first time, and the water is used for the second time after three days, so that the fruit trees can persist for 10 to 15 days, and new roots can be generated during the period.
The fixed rod is 20 to 25 centimeters above GM256, all the fixed rod is cut off, the cut is polished to be oblique and not to be flat, normal sliding of rainwater is facilitated, and the cut is sealed by lead oil. After the trees are planted completely, the lead oil is dried, and bactericidal drugs, chlorothalonil, carbendazim and the like are required to be applied. The insect prevention is different from that of the plums, and the foliage spraying is carried out at least twice every year when the pests are found, and the best is carried out three times. The pest and disease prevention in the second year is basically the same as that in the previous year. Pruning is distinguishable between the north east and south, with top branches required in the south and back branches required in the north. In the second year, 2 to 4 lateral branches are generated, one branch is taken out and three branches are reserved as main branches, in the third year, one third of the three main branches are cut off and two thirds of the three main branches are reserved, and the three main branches are generally reserved to be about 30 to 35 centimeters according to the growth vigor of trees and cannot exceed 40 centimeters. Therefore, three trunks can be changed into six to seven trunks by the next year, and then pruning cannot be carried out, and fruits can be supplied without pruning as the pruned trees are longer.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A fruit tree grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
seedling cultivation: taking 52-degree sardine at northern latitude as a female parent, taking sardine seeds, soaking for 6-7 days, accelerating germination in 18-22 days in 2 months in the first year, sowing in the middle ten days in 4 months in the first year, starting in autumn in the first year, and placing the seedlings into a refrigerator for low-temperature storage;
transplanting: transplanting in spring of the second year, planting in double rows with ridge spacing of 650;
grafting: starting grafting in 8 months and 1-10 days in the next year;
secondary transplanting: transplanting for the second time in spring of the third year;
fixing a rod: the fixed rod is arranged above the dwarfing anvil by 20 to 25 centimeters, the fixed rod is completely cut off, a cut is formed into a bevel shape, and then the cut is sealed by lead oil;
insect prevention: after the trees are completely planted in the lead oil, spraying pesticide to prevent insects.
2. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, further comprising pruning: in the second year, one lateral branch is cut off, 1-3 trunks are left, in the third year, one third of each trunk is cut off, two thirds of each trunk are left, and the trunks are generally left at 30-35 cm according to the growth vigor of the trees.
3. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the pregermination time is more than 50 days.
4. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting comprises the following steps:
firstly, grafting the dwarfing stock on the sardine to ensure that the sardine can safely pass winter;
in spring of the third year, the head of the sarcandra glabra is wiped off, and the sarcandra glabra grows naturally by directly using dwarfing stock teeth until the dwarfing stock forms a primary shape;
adopting a method of dental grafting or wood dental grafting, then using the female parent to graft the scion of the fruit tree on the dwarfing stock, and taking out the fruit tree in autumn in the third year, and then storing in winter.
5. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the secondary transplanting comprises:
selecting high-quality fertile black soil, and adding a fertilizer to ensure that the soil is soft and is beneficial to the growth of fruit trees, wherein the fertilizer comprises one of horse manure, cow manure or pine needles;
or canning into a culture vessel with the diameter of 300-400mm, wherein the first watering amount is 1/3-1/2 of the volume of the culture vessel after canning, and watering is carried out again after three days, and then the watering interval is 10-15 days until the fruit tree sends out new roots.
6. The fruit tree grafting method according to claim 1, wherein: spraying insecticide, wherein the sprayed insecticide is one of bactericide, chlorothalonil and carbendazim;
the pesticide spraying and insect prevention are carried out 2-3 times per year.
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