CN107251798B - Method for breeding kiwi fruit finished seedlings - Google Patents
Method for breeding kiwi fruit finished seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN107251798B CN107251798B CN201710497043.9A CN201710497043A CN107251798B CN 107251798 B CN107251798 B CN 107251798B CN 201710497043 A CN201710497043 A CN 201710497043A CN 107251798 B CN107251798 B CN 107251798B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding kiwi fruit finished seedlings by using a greenhouse nutrition pot, which comprises the operation steps of seed collection, sand storage, seedling growing hotbed laying, arched shed building, sowing, seedling stage management, seedling transplanting, nutrition pot replacement, grafting and the like. Through the selection of the seeds, the germination potential of the seeds is strong, the emergence time is short, the emergence rate and the uniformity are better than those of seedlings, and the excellent seeds ensure the overall quality of the subsequent seedlings; the seedling growth of the kiwi fruit seedlings in the seedling stage is well promoted by seedling culture in a greenhouse nutrition pot. The method has the advantages of regular nursery stock, short seedling culture period, high outplanting rate, high transplanting survival rate, simple technology and convenience for large-scale industrial production, and has great practical significance for rapid and large-scale seedling culture of the kiwi fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural seedling breeding, and relates to a method for breeding finished kiwi fruit seedlings.
Background
In recent years, the kiwi fruit industry in China develops rapidly, the annual average growth rate of newly-built kiwi fruit orchards is more than 10%, and the demand of high-quality kiwi fruit seedlings is increased sharply. At present, fruit growers in China mostly build gardens with seedlings, plant the seedlings for 1-2 years for grafting, and start to bear fruits in 3-4 years and enter full-bearing period in 5-6 years. However, in foreign countries such as New Zealand, Italy, Chilean and the like, the orchard can be built by finished nursery stocks, and fruits can be hung 2-3 years earlier than the orchard built by traditional seedlings.
According to investigation, Chinese kiwi fruit nursery gardens are large in quantity, different in scale and different in technical approaches, but kiwi fruit seedling cultivation is mainly carried out in a field nursery garden, and the main technologies comprise seed collection, sand storage, soil preparation, seedling management, grafting and the like. The seedling raising method has the following problems: (1) the source of the seeds is unknown, and some farmers or units use the residual fruits or rotten fruits left by themselves or accumulated in a cold storage house as seedling raising seeds, so that the problems of mixed delicacy and Chinese series, unsmooth variety and the like are caused, and the seedlings are uneven and the strains are complicated. (2) The seedling period is long, the seedlings are sowed in the middle 3 th of the month in the field nursery, grafting can be carried out in the next year, the seedling period is prolonged, the investment blank period is increased, and the fund return period is prolonged. (3) The diseases and the pests are serious, soil-borne diseases are easy to form in a field nursery garden, the seedlings have root rot and the root-knot nematodes are serious, and weak seedlings and diseased seedlings cannot meet the market demand. (4) The method has the advantages of low outplanting rate, simple and easy field nursery sowing, uneven seedling distribution, high requirement on seedling management, difficult seedling picking, weeding and the like, and low outplanting rate of seedlings caused by the fact that fields are influenced by natural factors. (5) The root system is weak, the transplanting is difficult, the survival rate is low, and the root system needs to be cut off when the traditional nursery is taken out for transplanting, so that the transplanting is difficult, and the survival rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding kiwi fruit finished seedlings, and overcomes the defects of unclear kiwi fruit seedling source, uneven seedling strains, long production period, serious pest and disease damage, low emergence rate and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding finished kiwi seedlings comprises the following operations:
1) seed collection: collecting mature wild kiwi fruits on the northern foot of Qinling mountains in 9-10 months, removing small fruits and malformed fruits, stacking until the kiwi fruits are soft, peeling, placing in a container, adding water, stirring and washing, and removing shrunken seeds until all pulp is washed away to leave black brown seeds;
2) sand storage: mixing the seeds with the wet fine sand according to a mass ratio of 1: 15-20, wherein the humidity is that the fine sand can be held by hands to form a dough shape, and the fine sand can be scattered after the hands are loosened; after mixing, burying the mixture in a sand pit with the depth of 30-40 cm for 50-60 days, checking the humidity every 10 days, and keeping the sand pit moist;
3) laying a seedling growing hotbed and building an arched shed: paving a hotbed in the greenhouse, paving electric heating wires on the hotbed, and building an inverted 'U' -shaped plastic arched shed with the height of 1.2-1.5 m on the hotbed by using a long bamboo board arched shed;
4) sowing: accelerating germination for 10-15 days on a hotbed at 25 ℃ before sowing seeds, and sowing the seeds in a plug in 2 ten days when the seeds are more than 50% exposed; wherein, the plug nutrient soil adopts a melon and vegetable seedling raising substrate, a pit with the depth of 0.5-1 cm is pressed, 8-10 seeds are sowed in each hole after the water is thoroughly poured, and the seeds are uniformly dispersed by light pressure during sowing;
5) seedling stage management: after the seedlings come out of the soil, the humidity in a plastic greenhouse film is controlled to be 38-40% by combining uncovering and covering the plastic greenhouse film and sprinkling water, and the seedlings are sprayed with a pesticide in time to prevent seedling damping-off; when the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, spraying 2000-3000 times diluted foliar fertilizer every week within two weeks;
6) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings into a nutrition pot when the seedlings grow to 3 true leaves in the period from 3 late months to 4 early months, and spraying foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 800-.
7) Replacing the large nutrition pot: transplanting the seedlings into a larger nutrition pot when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves in the last ten days of 5 months, and then moving out of the greenhouse; wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing garden soil and turf according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1.5 and is 1kg/m3Adding silicon-magnesium compound fertilizer according to the proportion;
arranging the seedlings in outdoor ridges, constructing a sunshade net on the seedlings, and paving a water band at the center of each ridge and at the upper part and the edge part of each ridge;
spreading fertilizer in the nutrition pots every month in 6-8 months, controlling the fertilizer to be 4-5 g/plant every time, and timely pinching and bud touching when the seedling grows to be 30-40 cm high to promote the seedling to grow thickly;
8) grafting: in the last ten days of 9 months, when the stem thickness of the seedling reaches 0.8cm, starting grafting by adopting a budding method with wood: selecting buds with plump and robust bud eyes, beveling a knife at a position 1.2-1.5 cm above the buds to a position 1cm below the buds, wherein the beveling angle is gradually reduced from about 30 degrees at the beginning to 0 degree at the end; cutting in the position 1cm below the bud vertically to obtain woody bud;
the stock is cut at a position which is about 10cm away from the ground, the cutting method is the same as that of the bud, but the length is slightly longer, so that bud pieces can be butted, and the butt joint requires that at least one cambium on one side is aligned with the xylem;
after grafting, the plastic bandage is used for wrapping the tight bud and the whole cut, and loose binding is carried out in the spring of the next year.
The bottom of the hotbed is a compacted soil layer with the height of 10-15 cm, sawdust with the thickness of 3-5 cm is paved on the middle layer, fine sand with the thickness of 1-2 cm is paved on the uppermost layer, and the electric heating wire is paved on the fine sand; the height of the upright columns at the sides of the arched shed is 0.8-1 m, the height of the middle upright column is 1.2-1.5 m, and the upper part of the arched shed is built in an inverted 'U' shape by shed films.
And in the seedling stage, immediately spraying tolclofos or hymexazol to the seedlings to prevent seedling blight.
When transplanting seedlings, rinse the root with the clear water, protect seedling root system when being convenient for divide the seedling, notice the management of rich water after transplanting the seedling and resuming the seedling and accomplishing.
When the seedlings are transplanted, the seedlings are transplanted in a nutrition pot of 11cm multiplied by 13cm and then replaced in a nutrition pot of 17cm multiplied by 21 cm.
The nutrition pot is arranged in the following form: the width of each furrow is 2m, the depth of each furrow is 25cm, the width of each ridge is 0.5m, and three furrows and two ridges are sequentially arranged; a sunshade net with the height of 1.5m is built at the upper part of the field to cover the whole field;
4-6 nutrition bowls are respectively placed on two sides of each furrow, and a water band is laid on the upper portion and the edge portion of the ridge in the center of each furrow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
according to the method for breeding the kiwi fruit finished seedlings, firstly, kiwi fruit seeds are selected, and wild delicious kiwi fruit seeds in Qinling mountains are used for breeding, so that compared with other varieties, the rate of emergence is the highest and reaches 98.56%; the uniformity of seedling emergence reaches 89.45%; the emergence time is 9d, which is next to 8d of the agricultural Kiwi. The seeds of wild delicious kiwi fruit in Qinling mountain have strong germinating potential, fast emergence time, better emergence rate and uniformity than those of seedlings, and excellent seeds ensure the overall quality of the following seedlings.
According to the method for breeding the finished kiwi fruit seedlings, the quality of the seedlings can be remarkably improved through seedling culture in the greenhouse nutrition pot, the plant height, the ground diameter, the maximum leaf area and the number of leaves of the seedlings are improved, wherein the plant height and the ground diameter of the greenhouse nutrition pot seedling are respectively far larger than those of field nursery seedling in two most important indexes of seedling grade, the plant height and the ground diameter respectively reach 32.12mm and 5.51mm, and the number of leaves and the leaf area are both larger than those of the field nursery seedling. The greenhouse seedling raising method has the advantages that the seedling raising in the greenhouse nutrition pot is shown, the seedling growth of the kiwi fruit seedlings is well promoted, the greenhouse heating measures enable the kiwi fruit seedlings to be slightly influenced by external temperature, the germination is early, the growth is rapid, and the growth amount is large.
The method for breeding the kiwi fruit finished seedlings has the advantages of neat seedlings, short seedling culture period, high outplanting rate, high transplanting survival rate, simple technology and convenience for large-scale industrial production, and has great practical significance for rapid and large-scale seedling culture of kiwi fruits.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sectional view of hotbed laying and arch shed construction.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the placement of large nutrition pot seedlings.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention provides a method for breeding kiwi fruit finished seedlings, which comprises the following operations:
1) seed collection: collecting mature wild kiwi fruits on the northern foot of Qinling mountains in 9-10 months, removing small fruits and malformed fruits, stacking until the kiwi fruits are soft, peeling, placing in a container, adding water, stirring and washing, and removing shrunken seeds until all pulp is washed away to leave black brown seeds;
2) sand storage: mixing the seeds with the wet fine sand according to a mass ratio of 1: 15-20, wherein the humidity is that the fine sand can be held by hands to form a dough shape, and the fine sand can be scattered after the hands are loosened; after mixing, burying the mixture in a sand pit with the depth of 30-40 cm for 50-60 days, checking the humidity every 10 days, and keeping the sand pit moist;
3) laying a seedling growing hotbed and building an arched shed: paving a hotbed in the greenhouse, paving electric heating wires on the hotbed, and building an inverted 'U' -shaped plastic arched shed with the height of 1.2-1.5 m on the hotbed by using a long bamboo board arched shed;
4) sowing: accelerating germination for 10-15 days on a hotbed at 25 ℃ before sowing seeds, and sowing the seeds in a plug in 2 ten days when the seeds are more than 50% exposed; wherein, the plug nutrient soil adopts a melon and vegetable seedling raising substrate, a pit with the depth of 0.5-1 cm is pressed, 8-10 seeds are sowed in each hole after the water is thoroughly poured, and the seeds are uniformly dispersed by light pressure during sowing;
5) seedling stage management: after the seedlings come out of the soil, the humidity in a plastic greenhouse film is controlled to be 38-40% by combining uncovering and covering the plastic greenhouse film and sprinkling water, and the seedlings are sprayed with a pesticide in time to prevent seedling damping-off; when the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, spraying 2000-3000 times diluted foliar fertilizer every week within two weeks;
6) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings into a nutrition pot when the seedlings grow to 3 true leaves in the period from 3 late months to 4 early months, and spraying foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 800-.
7) Replacing the nutrition pot: transplanting the seedlings into a larger nutrition pot when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves in the last ten days of 5 months, and then moving out of the greenhouse; wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing garden soil and turf according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1.5 and is 1kg/m3Adding silicon-magnesium compound fertilizer according to the proportion;
arranging the seedlings in outdoor ridges, constructing a sunshade net on the seedlings, and paving a water band at the center of each ridge and at the upper part and the edge part of each ridge;
spreading fertilizer in the nutrition pots every month in 6-8 months, controlling the fertilizer to be 4-5 g/plant every time, and timely pinching and bud touching when the seedling grows to be 30-40 cm high to promote the seedling to grow thickly;
8) grafting: in the last ten days of 9 months, when the stem thickness of the seedling reaches 0.8cm, starting grafting by adopting a budding method with wood: selecting buds with plump and robust bud eyes, beveling a knife at a position 1.2-1.5 cm above the buds to a position 1cm below the buds, wherein the beveling angle is gradually reduced from about 30 degrees at the beginning to 0 degree at the end; cutting in the position 1cm below the bud vertically to obtain woody bud;
the stock is cut at a position which is about 10cm away from the ground, the cutting method is the same as that of the bud, but the length is slightly longer, so that bud pieces can be butted, and the butt joint requires that at least one cambium on one side is aligned with the xylem;
after grafting, the plastic bandage is used for wrapping the tight bud and the whole cut, and loose binding is carried out in the spring of the next year.
Specific examples are given below.
A method for breeding kiwi fruit finished seedlings by using a greenhouse nutrition pot comprises the following steps:
1) seed collection:
in 9-10 months, the wild delicious kiwi fruits in mature Qinling mountain foot are mainly collected, and the wild delicious kiwi fruits have the characteristics of developed root systems, water preference, waterlogging tolerance, cold resistance and the like. Removing small fruits and malformed fruits, stacking until the fruits are soft, peeling, stirring and washing in a plastic barrel, removing shrunken seeds until all the pulp is washed away, and leaving black brown seeds.
2) Sand storage:
mixing the seeds with the fine sand at a ratio of 1:20, wherein the moisture is that the fine sand can form a ball shape when being held by hands, flashing off after the hands are loosened, burying the ball in a 40 cm-deep sand pit for 60 days, and checking the moisture every 10 days to keep the sand pit moist.
3) Laying a seedling growing hotbed and building a small arched shed:
an electric heating hotbed is laid in the greenhouse, an electric heating wire is laid on the hotbed, the electric heating wire is calculated and laid by combining local low temperature and rated temperature, and the electric leakage and fire phenomena caused by illegal and disordered connection are avoided when the electric heating wire is laid according to strict specification requirements. An inverted 'U' -shaped plastic arched shed with the height of 1.5m is built on the hotbed by using a long bamboo board arched shed.
Laying of a hotbed and building of an arched shed are shown in figure 1, wherein a foundation bed at the bottom of the hotbed is a compacted soil layer of 15cm, sawdust of 5cm is laid on a middle layer, fine sand of 2cm is laid on the uppermost layer, and heating wires are laid on the upper part of the hotbed again as required; the height of the upright column at the side of the arched shed is 1m, the height of the middle upright column is 1.5m, the upper part of the arched shed is built in an inverted 'U' shape of the shed film, and the whole hotbed is 4m multiplied by 6 m.
4) Sowing:
and (3) accelerating germination for 10-15 days on a hotbed at 25 ℃ before sowing, and sowing in 50-hole plug trays in about 2 late months when the seeds are more than 50% exposed. The hole plate nutrient soil adopts melon and vegetable seedling raising substrates, a pit with the depth of 0.5cm-1cm is pressed, about 10 seeds are sowed in each hole after water is thoroughly poured, and the seeds are gently flattened by hands during sowing so as to be uniformly dispersed.
5) Seedling stage management:
after the seedlings come out of the soil, the humidity in the plastic greenhouse film is controlled to be about 40 percent by combining uncovering and covering the plastic greenhouse film and sprinkling water, and the seedling damping-off is prevented by spraying tolclofos or hymexazol in time. When the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, 3000 times of foliar fertilizer (for fruits and vegetables) is sprayed every week in the first two weeks.
6) Transplanting seedlings:
in the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, namely, the seedlings grow to about 3 true leaves and begin to be transplanted into nutrition pots with the length of 11cm multiplied by 13cm, the roots of the seedlings are washed by clean water during transplanting, the root systems of the seedlings are protected during seedling division, and the management of fertilizer and water is noticed after the transplanting and seedling revival are completed. After the seedlings are revived, foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 800-.
7) Replacing the large nutrition pot:
in the last ten days of 5 months, the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves, the small nutrition pots are replaced by large nutrition pots with the size of 17cm multiplied by 21cm, the nutrition soil is mixed with turf 1:1 by adopting garden soil, 46 percent (16-6-24) silicon-magnesium compound fertilizer 1kg/m3 common in the market is added, and the nutrition pots are removed from the greenhouse.
The outdoor field is arranged as shown in fig. 2, the width of the ridge is 2m, the depth of the ridge is 25cm, the width of the ridge is 0.5m, three ridges and two ridges are sequentially arranged, and the length is proper. A sunshade net with the height of 1.5m is built on the upper part of the field to cover the whole field. Two sides of each bed are respectively provided with 4 large nutrition bowls with the length of 17cm and the length of 21cm, and the center of each bed is provided with the upper part of the bed, and the edge parts are provided with water belts which are convenient for the management of water and fertilizer.
And (3) broadcasting 15-15-15 three-element compound fertilizer in the nutrition bowls every month for 6 months, 7 months and 8 months, wherein the fertilizer is controlled to be applied at 4g per plant every time. When the seedling grows to 30cm-40cm, pinching off the bud in time to promote the thickening growth of the seedling.
8) Grafting:
in the last ten days of 9 months, the seedling is grafted when the stem thickness reaches 0.8cm, the grafting adopts a budding method with wood, and the management after grafting is noticed. The grafting method is grafting with wooden bud, and includes cutting the bud with plump and robust bud in the position 1.5cm from the upper part to 1cm from the lower part, cutting the stock in the position 10cm from the ground, cutting the stock to the position the same as that of the cut bud but longer to make the bud piece capable of being butt-jointed, aligning the cambium and the wooden part, and final covering the cut with plastic bandage to form loose bud and whole cut.
The selection of the seeds is particularly important for the breeding of the finished kiwi fruit seedlings, and the breeding method of the finished kiwi fruit seedlings can greatly improve the seedling rate of the finished kiwi fruit seedlings by optimizing the seeds.
And (3) carrying out germination accelerating treatment on different types of seeds stored in sand at 25 ℃ for 10 days, and then carrying out statistics on germination rate, emergence rate, uniformity and emergence time.
TABLE 1 comparison of different kinds of Kiwi fruit seedlings grown in greenhouse
Note: different letters represent 5% level difference significance. The same applies below.
As seen from Table 1, the germination rate of the Qinling wild delicious kiwi fruit seeds is the highest and reaches 61.9%, the germination rate of the Qinling wild delicious kiwi fruit seeds is 51.52% and the germination rate of the Qinling wild delicious kiwi fruit seeds is 56.15% respectively, and the germination rate of the Qinling wild delicious kiwi fruit seeds is only 34.88% at the lowest. Compared with other varieties, the emergence rate of the wild delicious kiwi fruits in Qinling mountains is the highest and reaches 98.56 percent; the uniformity of the seedlings is also better at 89.45 percent, which is second to the navel red 90.71 percent; the emergence time is 9d, which is next to 8d of the agricultural Kiwi. Therefore, the seeds of wild delicious kiwi fruits in Qinling mountains have strong germinating potential, the emergence time is fast, the emergence rate and the uniformity are better than those of seedlings, and the method is a good seedling cultivation production choice.
According to the method for breeding the kiwi fruit finished seedlings, provided by the invention, the quality of the seedlings can be obviously improved through seedling culture in the greenhouse nutrition pot, and the plant height, the ground diameter, the maximum leaf area and the leaf number of the seedlings are improved.
TABLE 2 comparison of greenhouse nutrition pot seedling cultivation with field nursery seedling cultivation
| Group of | Plant height (cm) | Ground diameter (mm) | Maximum leaf area (cm)2) | Number of blades |
| Seedling growing in greenhouse nutrition pot | 32.12 | 5.51 | 162.75 | 7.8 |
| Seedling in field nursery | 10.67 | 2.02 | 54.56 | 5.1 |
No. 6.10, growth amounts of the seedlings were compared with each other by a greenhouse pot seedling method and a field nursery method. As can be seen from Table 2, the two most important indexes of seedling grade of greenhouse nutrition pot seedlings, namely plant height and ground diameter, are respectively far larger than those of field nursery seedlings, and reach 32.12mm and 5.51mm respectively, and the number of leaves and the area of leaves are larger than those of field nursery seedlings. The greenhouse seedling raising method has the advantages that the seedling raising in the greenhouse nutrition pot is shown, the seedling growth of the kiwi fruit seedlings is well promoted, the greenhouse heating measures enable the kiwi fruit seedlings to be slightly influenced by external temperature, the germination is early, the growth is rapid, and the growth amount is large. By 8-9 months, the ground diameter of the seedlings cultivated in the greenhouse nutrition pot can reach 8-9mm, and the lignification degree is high and completely meets the grafting requirement.
The method for breeding the kiwi fruit finished seedlings provided by the invention has the advantages of regular seedlings, short seedling culture period, high outplanting rate, high transplanting survival rate, simple technology and convenience for large-scale industrial production.
The embodiments given above are preferable examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Any non-essential addition and replacement made by the technical characteristics of the technical scheme of the invention by a person skilled in the art belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding finished kiwi seedlings is characterized by comprising the following operations:
1) seed collection: collecting mature wild kiwi fruits on the northern foot of Qinling mountains in 9-10 months, removing small fruits and malformed fruits, stacking until the kiwi fruits are soft, peeling, placing in a container, adding water, stirring and washing, and removing shrunken seeds until all pulp is washed away to leave black brown seeds;
2) sand storage: mixing the seeds with the wet fine sand according to a mass ratio of 1: 15-20, wherein the humidity is that the fine sand can be held by hands to form a dough shape, and the fine sand can be scattered after the hands are loosened; after mixing, burying the mixture in a sand pit with the depth of 30-40 cm for 50-60 days, checking the humidity every 10 days, and keeping the sand pit moist;
3) laying a seedling growing hotbed and building an arched shed: paving a hotbed in the greenhouse, paving electric heating wires on the hotbed, and building an inverted 'U' -shaped plastic arched shed with the height of 1.2-1.5 m on the hotbed by using a long bamboo board arched shed;
4) sowing: accelerating germination for 10-15 days on a hotbed at 25 ℃ before sowing seeds, and sowing the seeds in a plug in 2 ten days when the seeds are more than 50% exposed; wherein, the plug nutrient soil adopts a melon and vegetable seedling raising substrate, a pit with the depth of 0.5-1 cm is pressed, 8-10 seeds are sowed in each hole after the water is thoroughly poured, and the seeds are uniformly dispersed by light pressure during sowing;
5) seedling stage management: after the seedlings come out of the soil, the humidity in a plastic greenhouse film is controlled to be 38-40% by combining uncovering and covering the plastic greenhouse film and sprinkling water, and the seedlings are sprayed with a pesticide in time to prevent seedling damping-off; when the seedlings grow to 2-3 true leaves, spraying 2000-3000 times diluted foliar fertilizer every week within two weeks;
6) transplanting seedlings: transplanting the seedlings into a nutrition pot when the seedlings grow to 3 true leaves in the period from 3 late ten days to 4 early days, and spraying foliar fertilizer with the concentration of 800-;
7) replacing the nutrition pot: transplanting the seedlings into a larger nutrition pot when the seedlings grow to 5-6 true leaves in the last ten days of 5 months, and then moving out of the greenhouse; wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by mixing garden soil and turf according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1.5 and is 1kg/m3Adding silicon-magnesium compound fertilizer according to the proportion;
arranging the seedlings in outdoor ridges, constructing a sunshade net on the seedlings, and paving a water band at the center of each ridge and at the upper part and the edge part of each ridge;
spreading fertilizer in the nutrition pot every month in 6-8 months, controlling the fertilizer to be 4-5 g/plant every time, and timely pinching and bud-removing when the seedling grows to be 30-40 cm high to promote the seedling to grow thickly;
8) grafting: in the last ten days of 9 months, when the stem thickness of the seedling reaches 0.8cm, starting grafting by adopting a budding method with wood: selecting buds with plump and robust bud eyes, beveling a knife at a position 1.2-1.5 cm above the buds to a position 1cm below the buds, wherein the beveling angle is gradually reduced from about 30 degrees at the beginning to 0 degree at the end; cutting in the position 1cm below the bud vertically to obtain woody bud;
the stock is cut at a position which is about 10cm away from the ground, the cutting method is the same as that of the bud, but the length is slightly longer, so that bud pieces can be butted, and the butt joint requires that at least one cambium on one side is aligned with the xylem;
after grafting, the plastic bandage is used for wrapping the tight bud and the whole cut, and loose binding is carried out in the spring of the next year.
2. The method for breeding the kiwi fruit finished seedlings according to claim 1, wherein a base bed at the bottom of the hotbed is a compacted soil layer with the height of 10-15 cm, sawdust with the thickness of 3-5 cm is paved at the middle layer, fine sand with the thickness of 1-2 cm is paved at the uppermost layer, and an electric heating wire is paved on the fine sand; the height of the upright columns at the sides of the arched shed is 0.8-1 m, the height of the middle upright column is 1.2-1.5 m, and the upper part of the arched shed is built in an inverted 'U' shape by shed films.
3. The method for breeding kiwi fruit seedlings according to claim 1, wherein during the seedling management, seedling is sprayed with cumarin or hymexazol in time to prevent seedling blight.
4. The method for breeding the finished kiwi seedlings according to claim 1, wherein during seedling transplantation, roots are washed with clear water, so that seedling root systems are protected during seedling division, and management of fertilizer and water is paid attention to after transplantation and seedling revival.
5. The method for breeding the kiwi fruit finished seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the kiwi fruit finished seedlings are transplanted in a nutrition pot of 11cm x 13cm and then replaced in a nutrition pot of 17cm x 21 cm.
6. The method for breeding the finished kiwi seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the nutrition pots are arranged in the following form: the width of each furrow is 2m, the depth of each furrow is 25cm, the width of each ridge is 0.5m, and three furrows and two ridges are sequentially arranged; a sunshade net with the height of 1.5m is built at the upper part of the field to cover the whole field;
4-6 nutrition bowls are respectively placed on two sides of each furrow, and a water band is laid on the upper portion and the edge portion of the ridge in the center of each furrow.
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| CN110419381A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-08 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | A method of grow directly from seeds seed selection suitable for knob Kiwi berry |
| CN110771368A (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2020-02-11 | 凉山彝族自治州亚热带作物研究所 | Kiwi fruit twisted branch strengthening and weak rapid racking trimming method |
| CN112314308B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2022-04-01 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for remedying seedling with blight in peach embryo culture process |
| CN117204279A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-12-12 | 临朐县农业技术推广中心 | High-yield planting method for chayote by open field bagging |
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| CN103270920A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-04 | 贾兰虹 | Kiwi seedling cultivation method |
| CN106818225A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-06-13 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | A kind of tender anvil grafting rapid breeding method of Kiwi berry |
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