CN114391416A - Pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases - Google Patents
Pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases Download PDFInfo
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- CN114391416A CN114391416A CN202210174820.7A CN202210174820A CN114391416A CN 114391416 A CN114391416 A CN 114391416A CN 202210174820 A CN202210174820 A CN 202210174820A CN 114391416 A CN114391416 A CN 114391416A
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
- A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pear cultivation, in particular to a pear cultivation method for preventing pear trunk diseases, which selects Sichuan pears with more than 1.5 m of seedlings, about 1.0-2.0 cm thick stems, good adaptability and strong pear branch disease resistance as stock seedlings, wherein during grafting, a cutting surface of a scion is placed in a mixed solution of 0.03-0.06% of forchlorfenuron and 0.05-0.07% of moonflower essence for quick dipping, then the scion is grafted on the stock seedlings in a high position by adopting a cutting grafting method, and a grafting promoting solution is sprayed at the joint of the scion and the stock and is prepared from amino oligosaccharins, malaytea scurfpea seed extracts, vitamin B12 and deionized water. The method can obviously improve the grafting survival rate of the pear trees and reduce the occurrence rate of trunk diseases in the pear tree cultivation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pear tree cultivation, in particular to a pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases.
Background
At present, the harm to the production of the pear trees is large, the main stem diseases of the pear trees which have common diseases mainly comprise pear ring rot, pear rot and pear dry rot, and branches and stems are dead in severe cases.
At present, the prevention and control of the diseases of the main trunk of the pear tree are mainly combined by chemical prevention and manual prevention and control, the occurrence of the diseases of the branches and the trunks can be effectively controlled, the time and the labor are wasted, and the tree vigor is seriously weakened by wounds with scabies and frappes formed on the main trunk, so that the normal growth of the pear tree is obviously influenced. Meanwhile, at present, no proper stock for reducing the pear tree diseases is found, so that the occurrence of trunk diseases and insect pests of the pear tree cannot be completely overcome even in a grafting mode, and meanwhile, the condition of low survival rate is generally existed in the grafting process of the pear tree.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases, which can obviously improve the grafting survival rate of pear trees and reduce the occurrence rate of trunk diseases in the pear tree cultivation process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases, during grafting, a cutting surface of a scion is placed in a mixed solution of 0.03-0.06% of forchlorfenuron and 0.05-0.07% of moonlight for quick dipping, then the scion is grafted on a stock seedling in a high position by adopting a cutting grafting method, and a junction of the scion and the stock is sprayed with a grafting promoting liquid, wherein the grafting promoting liquid is prepared from amino oligosaccharide, a malaytea scurfpea seed extract, vitamin B12 and deionized water; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting Sichuan pears with the height of more than 1.5 m, the stem thickness of about 1.0-2.0 cm, good adaptability and strong pear branch disease resistance as stock seedlings;
s2, in the middle ten days of 2 months to 3 months, placing the cutting surface of the scion in a mixed solution of 0.03-0.06% of forchlorfenuron and 0.05-0.07% of moonlight anthocyanin for quick dipping, performing high-position grafting on the stock seedling by adopting a cutting grafting method, and spraying a grafting promoting liquid at the interface of the scion and the stock, wherein the grafting promoting liquid is prepared from amino oligosaccharide, a fructus psoraleae seed extract, vitamin B12, a natural pigment and deionized water;
s3, performing reasonable management after grafting, and applying 3% of alternaria tenuissima eggs per mu with top dressing, wherein the weight ratio of the alternaria tenuissima eggs is 1: 500 times of liquid and seaweed extract 1: 1000-3000 times of liquid, wherein the liquid is used for uniformly spraying the pesticide on the front and back surfaces of plant stems, melon strips, branches and leaves;
s4, shaping and trimming: and shaping the grafted pear trees by adopting an inverted-shape shaping mode, a trunk-type thin spindle-shaped shaping mode or a horizontal shed frame type shaping mode.
Further, the joint promoting liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5-5% of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.5-5% of fructus psoraleae seed extract, 120.5-1% of vitamin B, 5% of natural pigment and the balance of deionized water.
Further, in the step S2, the scion is inserted into the cut of the stock, so that the scion and the stock are tightly attached without a gap, after at least one side of the cambium is aligned, a grafting promoting liquid is sprayed at the interface of the scion and the stock, the graft interface is air-dried for 3-5S, and a plastic film is immediately used for binding the graft interface.
Further, in the step S2, the scion promoting liquid is sprayed annularly, the scion and the rootstock are required to be covered completely, and the dosage is 2 mL/cm2。
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) through the combined action of the forchlorfenuron and the moonlight, the healing time of the grafting opening can be obviously shortened, and the grafting survival rate is improved;
2) the application of the grafting promoting liquid containing the amino-oligosaccharin, the malaytea scurfpea seed extract and the vitamin B12 further improves the grafting survival rate, avoids the infection of germs on the grafting opening and improves the plant resistance;
3) applying 3% of Alternaria tenuissima eggs per mu with additional fertilizer, 1: 500 times of liquid and seaweed extract 1: 1000-3000 times of the solution further improves the resistance of the pear trees, so that the occurrence rate of trunk diseases in the pear tree cultivation process is reduced.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting Sichuan pears with the height of more than 1.5 m, the stem thickness of about 1.0-2.0 cm, good adaptability and strong pear branch disease resistance as stock seedlings;
s2, in the middle ten days of 2 months to 3 months, cutting off the stock at the height of 50cm above the ground, then vertically splitting downwards at one third of the cross section of a cut opening by using a grafting knife, selecting annual Fengshui pear branches with full leaf buds as scion strips, obliquely cutting off a knife below the leaf buds, removing phloem to expose cambium, wherein the cut surface is about 3-4 cm long, the cut surface is smooth, then obliquely cutting the opposite end of the long cut surface into a short cut surface with a 45-degree angle, and placing the cut surface of the scion on 0.03 chloropyrazineAfter the mixed solution of phenylurea and 0.07 percent of moonlight essence is dipped quickly, the cut single-bud scion is inserted into a cut of a stock quickly, so that the scion and the stock are tightly attached to each other without a gap, at least one side of a cambium is aligned, a grafting promoting liquid is sprayed at a position of a connector of the scion and the stock, the connector is air-dried for 3-5 seconds, the connector is immediately bound by a plastic film with the width of 2-3 cm, attention is paid during binding, a cut at the top end of the scion is also sealed by the film, only scion leaf buds are exposed outside the film, rainwater is prevented from entering, water evaporation is reduced, and the survival rate is improved. Wherein, by mass percentage, the joint promoting liquid comprises: 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin, 5 percent of fructus psoraleae seed extract, 120.5 percent of vitamin B, 5 percent of natural pigment and the balance of deionized water. The grafting promoting liquid is sprayed in a ring shape, the joint of the scion and the stock needs to be fully covered, and the dosage is 2 mL/cm2。
S3, performing reasonable management after grafting, and applying a proper amount of alternaria tenuissima protein and seaweed essence per mu with additional fertilizer;
s4, shaping and trimming: and shaping the grafted pear trees by adopting an inverted-shape shaping mode, a trunk-type thin spindle-shaped shaping mode or a horizontal shed frame type shaping mode.
Example 2
A pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting Sichuan pears with the height of more than 1.5 m, the stem thickness of about 1.0-2.0 cm, good adaptability and strong pear branch disease resistance as stock seedlings;
s2, cutting off the stock at a height of 50cm from the ground in the middle ten days of 2 months to 3 months, vertically splitting the stock downwards at one third of the cross section of a cut opening by using a grafting knife, selecting annual strong water pear branches with full leaf buds as scions, obliquely cutting a knife below the leaf buds to remove phloem and expose cambium, wherein the cut surface is about 3-4 cm long and smooth, obliquely cutting the opposite end of the long cut surface into a short cut surface with a 45-degree angle, placing the cut surface of the scion in a mixed solution of 0.06% forchlorfenuron and 0.05% moonlight for quick dipping, quickly inserting the cut single-bud scion into the cut opening of the stock to enable the scion to be tightly attached to the stock without gaps, spraying a grafting promoting liquid at the interface of the scion and the stock after at least one side of the cambium is aligned, and air-drying the scion to 3-5 cmS, immediately binding the grafting opening with a plastic film with the width of 2-3 cm, paying attention to binding, sealing the cut at the top end of the scion with the film, and only exposing the leaf bud of the scion outside the film so as to prevent rainwater from entering, reduce water evaporation and improve the survival rate. Wherein, by mass percentage, the joint promoting liquid comprises: 5% of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.5% of fructus psoraleae seed extract, 121% of vitamin B, 5% of natural pigment and the balance of deionized water. The grafting promoting liquid is sprayed in a ring shape, the joint of the scion and the stock needs to be fully covered, and the dosage is 2 mL/cm2。
S3, performing reasonable management after grafting, and applying a proper amount of alternaria tenuissima protein and seaweed essence per mu with additional fertilizer;
s4, shaping and trimming: and shaping the grafted pear trees by adopting an inverted-shape shaping mode, a trunk-type thin spindle-shaped shaping mode or a horizontal shed frame type shaping mode.
Example 3
A pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting Sichuan pears with the height of more than 1.5 m, the stem thickness of about 1.0-2.0 cm, good adaptability and strong pear branch disease resistance as stock seedlings;
s2, cutting off the stock at a height of 50cm above the ground in the middle ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 3 months, vertically splitting the stock downwards at one third of the cross section of a cut opening by using a grafting knife, selecting annual strong water pear branches with full leaf buds as scions, obliquely cutting a knife below the leaf buds, removing phloem to expose a cambium, enabling the cut surface to be about 3-4 cm long and smooth, obliquely cutting the opposite end of the long cut surface into a short cut surface with a 45-degree angle, placing the cut surface of the scion in a mixed solution of 0.045% forchlorfenuron and 0.06% moonflower essence, quickly inserting the cut single-bud scion into the cut opening of the stock to enable the scion to be tightly attached to the stock without a gap, spraying a grafting promoting liquid at the interface of the scion and the stock after at least one side of the cambium is aligned, air-drying for 3-5S, immediately binding the plastic film with the interface of 2-3 cm wide, and sealing the cut opening at the top end of the scion by using the plastic film, only the scion leaf buds are exposed outside the film, so that rainwater is prevented from entering, water evaporation is reduced, and the survival rate is improved. Wherein, the weight percentage isThe joint promoting liquid comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.75% of amino-oligosaccharin, 2.75% of fructus psoraleae seed extract, 120.75% of vitamin B, 5% of natural pigment and the balance of deionized water. The grafting promoting liquid is sprayed in a ring shape, the joint of the scion and the stock needs to be fully covered, and the dosage is 2 mL/cm2。
S3, performing reasonable management after grafting, and applying a proper amount of alternaria tenuissima protein and seaweed essence per mu with additional fertilizer;
s4, shaping and trimming: and shaping the grafted pear trees by adopting an inverted-shape shaping mode, a trunk-type thin spindle-shaped shaping mode or a horizontal shed frame type shaping mode.
Comparative example 1
S2, cutting off the stock at a height of 50cm above the ground in the late 2 th ten days to the middle 3 rd ten days, vertically splitting the stock downwards at one third of the cross section of a cut opening by using a grafting knife, selecting annual plump pear branches with full leaf buds as scions, obliquely cutting a knife below the leaf buds to remove phloem and expose cambium, wherein the cut surface is about 3-4 cm long and smooth, then obliquely cutting the opposite end of the long cut surface into a short cut surface with an angle of 45 degrees, rapidly inserting the cut single-bud scions into the cut opening of the stock to ensure that the scions and the stock are tightly attached without gaps, spraying a grafting promoting liquid at the interface of the scions and the stock after at least one side of the cambium is aligned, air-drying for 3-5 seconds, immediately binding the cut opening by using a plastic film with the width of 2-3 cm, paying attention during binding, sealing the cut opening at the top end of the scions by using the film, and only exposing the leaf buds of the scions outside the film to prevent rainwater from entering and reducing water evaporation, improving the survival rate, wherein the inoculation promoting liquid comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.5 percent of amino-oligosaccharin, 5 percent of fructus psoraleae seed extract, 120.5 percent of vitamin B, 5 percent of natural pigment and the balance of deionized water. The grafting promoting liquid is sprayed in a ring shape, the joint of the scion and the stock needs to be fully covered, and the dosage is 2 mL/cm2；
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
S2, cutting off the stock at a height of 50cm from the ground in the middle ten days of 2 months to the middle ten days of 3 months, vertically splitting the stock at one third of the cross section of a cut opening by using a grafting knife, selecting annual strong water pear branches with full leaf buds as scions, obliquely cutting a knife below the leaf buds to remove phloem and expose cambium, wherein the cut surface is about 3-4 cm long and smooth, obliquely cutting the opposite end of the long cut surface into a short cut surface with an angle of 45 degrees, placing the cut surface of the scion in a mixed solution of 0.06 percent forchlorfenuron and 0.05 percent moonflower essence at a medium speed, rapidly inserting the cut single-bud scion into the cut opening of the stock to enable the scion to be tightly attached to the stock without gaps, immediately binding the cut opening by using a plastic film with the width of 2-3 cm after at least one side of the cambium is aligned, paying attention when rainwater is bound, sealing the cut opening at the top end of the scion by using a film, only exposing leaf buds outside the film, and preventing the scion from entering the middle ten days of 3 months, Reduce water evaporation and improve survival rate.
The remaining steps were the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
S2, cutting off the stock at a height of 50cm above the ground in the middle ten days from 2 months to 3 months, vertically splitting the stock downwards at one third of the cross section of a cut opening by using a grafting knife, selecting annual plump water pear branches with full leaf buds as scions, obliquely cutting a knife below the leaf buds to remove phloem and expose cambium, wherein the cut surface is about 3-4 cm long and smooth, then obliquely cutting the opposite end of the long cut surface into a short cut surface with an angle of 45 degrees, rapidly inserting the cut single-bud scions into the cut opening of the stock to ensure that the scions and the stock are tightly attached to each other without gaps, immediately binding the graft opening by using a plastic film with the width of 2-3 cm after at least one side of the cambium is aligned, and paying attention during binding, the cut opening at the top end of the scions is sealed by using the film, only the leaf buds of the scions are exposed outside the film to prevent rainwater from entering, reduce water evaporation and improve the survival rate.
The remaining procedure was the same as in example 3.
Comparative example 4
S3, carrying out reasonable management after grafting;
the rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
It is noted that the post-engrafting management in examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-4 was essentially the same, with no significant difference.
And (3) designing a test field of 1 mu for each treatment, counting the grafting survival rate and the incidence rate of trunks (the total incidence rate of pear ring rot, pear rot and pear dry rot) of each group, and comparing the yield and the fruit quality of each group.
TABLE 1
Moreover, the fruit quality of examples 1-3 was significantly better than that of control 1-4.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A pear tree cultivation method for preventing pear tree trunk diseases is characterized in that during grafting, a cutting surface of a scion is placed in a mixed solution of 0.03-0.06% of forchlorfenuron and 0.05-0.07% of moonlight flower essence for quick dipping, then the scion is grafted on a stock seedling in an overhead position by adopting a cutting grafting method, and a grafting promoting liquid is sprayed at the joint of the scion and the stock, wherein the grafting promoting liquid is prepared from amino oligosaccharin, a malaytea scurfpea seed extract, vitamin B12 and deionized water.
2. A pear tree cultivation method for preventing trunk diseases of pear trees according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting Sichuan pears with the height of more than 1.5 m, the stem thickness of 1.0-2.0 cm, good adaptability and strong pear branch disease resistance as stock seedlings;
s2, in the middle ten days of 2 months to 3 months, placing the cutting surface of the scion in a mixed solution of 0.03-0.06% of forchlorfenuron and 0.05-0.07% of moonlight anthocyanin for quick dipping, performing high-position grafting on the stock seedling by adopting a cutting grafting method, and spraying a grafting promoting liquid at the interface of the scion and the stock, wherein the grafting promoting liquid is prepared from amino oligosaccharide, a fructus psoraleae seed extract, vitamin B12, a natural pigment and deionized water;
s3, carrying out reasonable management after grafting, spraying a proper amount of 3% superfine alternaria eggs along with topdressing, wherein the weight ratio of the eggs to the seeds is 1: 500 times of liquid and seaweed extract 1: 1000-3000 times of the solution;
s4, shaping and trimming: and shaping the grafted pear trees by adopting an inverted-shape shaping mode, a trunk-type thin spindle-shaped shaping mode or a horizontal shed frame type shaping mode.
3. The method for cultivating the pear tree to prevent the trunk disease of the pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the inoculation promoting liquid comprises, by mass: 0.5-5% of amino-oligosaccharin, 0.5-5% of fructus psoraleae seed extract, 120.5-1% of vitamin B, 5% of natural pigment and the balance of deionized water.
4. The method for cultivating a pear tree according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the scion is inserted into the cut of the stock, so that the scion and the stock are tightly adhered without a gap, and at least one side of the cambium is aligned, and then a grafting promoting solution is sprayed at the interface between the scion and the stock, air-dried for 3-5S, and the grafting interface is immediately bound with a plastic film.
5. The method for cultivating a pear tree to prevent trunk diseases of the pear tree according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the scion-promoting liquid is sprayed annularly, and the scion and stock joint is required to be covered completely, with a dosage of 2 mL/cm2。
6. The method for cultivating a pear tree to prevent trunk diseases of the pear tree according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, 3% alternaria tenuissima egg per mu is applied with top dressing in a ratio of 1: 500 times of liquid and seaweed extract 1: 1000-3000 times of the liquid, and uniformly spreading the pesticide on the front and back surfaces of plant stems, melon strips, branches and leaves during spraying.
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