CN111802151A - Method for top grafting crown replacement of American hickory large tree by adopting square bud grafting - Google Patents
Method for top grafting crown replacement of American hickory large tree by adopting square bud grafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111802151A CN111802151A CN202010515863.8A CN202010515863A CN111802151A CN 111802151 A CN111802151 A CN 111802151A CN 202010515863 A CN202010515863 A CN 202010515863A CN 111802151 A CN111802151 A CN 111802151A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
- A01N59/20—Copper
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for top grafting and crown changing of a large American hickory tree by adopting square bud grafting. S1: and selecting a tree with the diameter being more than 2cm at the position of 1.3m of the trunk of the high-position branch, and cutting the trunk of the selected tree seedling in the period from the frost of the first year to the winter solstice when the pile height is determined to be higher than the first year according to the cultivation purpose in clear weather and subsequent weather without continuous overcast and rainy days. Smearing disinfectant on the cut part, and then smearing protective agent. The invention has the effects that the seedlings can grow in the circumferential direction after the crown is changed, and after one to two years, strong and evenly distributed lateral branches are rotated to carry out square grafting, thus achieving the effects of three aspects: firstly, the survival rate can be obviously improved, and the grafting survival rate can reach more than 95 percent; secondly, the growth direction of the tree crown after successful grafting can be controlled, and branch shaping and lighting are facilitated; thirdly, the growth height of the sapling can be controlled, and later-stage management is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crown changing of pecans, in particular to a method for changing crowns of American pecan trees by top grafting through square budding.
Background
The American hickory nut is also called 'thin-shell hickory nut and pecan', belongs to a plant of the juglandaceae, and the plant can reach 50 m; yellow brown; the small branch quilt is soft; the odd feathered compound leaves, the petioles and the leaf axes are molted; the small leaf has a very short petiole, the top is tapered, the edge has single sawtooth or heavy sawtooth, the primary gland and the soft hair fall off later, and the hair is often fluffed on the pulse; 3 pieces of male flos Magnoliae, 1 bundle, almost without total stem, and anther with hair; the female panicle-shaped inflorescence is upright, the inflorescence axis is densely covered and soft, and the lobe of the involucre has hair; the fruit is rectangular or oblong, leathery, smooth and grey brown, has dark brown spots and black stripes at the top; incomplete base 2 chamber; blooming in 5 months, and ripening in 9-11 months; the said tree is a famous dry fruit tree, and may be used as excellent street tree and excellent shade tree in suitable area, as well as landscape forest, river bank, lake and other plain areas. Most of naturally grown sapling branches grow vertically, cannot fully receive sunlight, influence the result and need manual intervention.
The existing common manual intervention grafting method has low survival rate, poor branch extension effect, low fruit bearing rate and is not beneficial to shaping, and the subsequent fruit bearing is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to solve the problems, the method for top grafting and crown changing of the American hickory nut by adopting square bud grafting is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for top grafting and crown changing of a big American hickory tree by adopting square bud grafting comprises top grafting and crown changing;
wherein, the crown is changed by the following method:
s1: selecting a big tree needing crown replacement: selecting trees with diameter larger than 2cm at 1.3m height of trunk, and determining pile retaining height of the selected saplings according to cultivation purpose (such as 2.0-2.5m for fruit and wood dual-purpose type pile retaining height);
s2: selecting a clear weather during the period from the first year of frost to the winter solstice, cutting off the trunk in the subsequent weather without continuous overcast and rainy days, smearing a disinfectant at the cut-off part, and then smearing a protective agent;
s3: in spring of the next year, a plurality of lateral buds are emitted from the upper end of the high-position lopped tree, 3 to 4 strong lateral buds and 1 top bud are selected and left in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, and the rest buds are all erased; after 2 to 3 months, selecting 3 to 4 side branches which are uniformly distributed on the main rod, have the diameter of 0.8cm-1.2cm and good growth vigor, and trimming and removing the rest side branches, wherein the trimmed wounds are the wound treatment method of S1;
s4: selecting weather of clear weather and subsequent weather without continuous overcast and rainy days from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months in the next year, and performing square budding when the remained bud branches are semi-lignified;
the square bud grafting requires skillful manipulation and quick action, and the scion is grafted at any time, which comprises the following steps:
1. cutting a straight and smooth part of the stock by a double-edged knife in an up-and-down parallel manner, wherein the width of the cut exceeds 1.2cm and reaches the xylem, then longitudinally cutting a cut from the edge of the left side, the cut reaches the xylem and is connected with an upper cut and a lower cut, picking up the cortex to tear the xylem, and finally tearing a notch downwards at the lower right corner of the cut by hand to facilitate a water outlet;
2. selecting scions with the thickness equivalent to that of the stock, respectively and transversely cutting the upper and lower full buds at the middle and upper parts for one time during scion, wherein the buds are centered and reach the xylem deeply, the width of the buds is slightly less than that of the stock cut, then longitudinally cutting the buds from the left side for one time, reaching the essence part deeply and connecting the upper and lower cut edges, and finally pinching the base parts of the petioles by a thumb and a forefinger and slightly forcibly tearing off bud slices towards the right side, a little xylem is required to be arranged at the concave parts of the inner surfaces of the bud slices, and the bud slices with;
3. after the bud slices are taken down, cambium layers on the left sides of the bud slices and the left sides of the stocks, the upper ends of the bud slices and the upper ends of the stocks are immediately aligned and embedded into the notches, the bud slices are tightly wound by plastic strips from bottom to top, and only petioles need to be wound and tightened;
4. the tannin content in the scion buds of the American walnuts is high, and a black isolation layer is easily generated when the scion buds meet air, so that the formation of interface callus is influenced, the operation is performed by a worker skilled in a manipulation, and the whole process of square budding is maintained within five minutes;
5. 2 to 3 days after the square bud grafting, 2 to 3 complete and robust compound leaves are left on the grafting bud, the stock shoot is cut off, and the wound flow of the wound of the grafting bud is dispersed, so that the survival rate is improved, the germination is advanced, and the growth amount of the scion in the current year is increased.
Preferably, the upper cut branch in S1 is cut and leveled with the cut opening, the disinfectant comprises 2-5% of copper sulfate or 0.1% of mercuric chloride aqueous solution for disinfection, the protective agent is coated by 1 part of animal oil, 0.7 part of rosin and 0.5 part of beeswax, and the components are heated, melted and uniformly mixed.
Preferably, in the step S3, the grafting step uses a concentrated side of the trunk and the position at the upper end for bud grafting, and the buds are gathered at the center after the square bud grafting.
Preferably, in S1, the tree with the diameter larger than 2cm at the position with the height of 1.3m of the trunk is selected for the top grafting crown changing, the tree is straight and strong, and the plant is replanted again when the diseased seedling and the dead seedling appear.
Preferably, a plurality of lateral branches of the high branch seedlings can also be subjected to crown replacement treatment in a manner of chimeric grafting in March of the third year.
Preferably, the bud base and the leaf stalk in the square bud grafting step 3 are firmly bound, so that bud pieces are prevented from being raised to be empty, gaps cannot exist, and the phenomenon of bridging is avoided.
Preferably, the incision of the rootstock in the square budding step 3 is required to be flat and smooth without damaging xylem.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the high-level sapling can be subjected to circumferential expansion growth, the cut sapling grows one to two years of lateral branches at the upper end, the survival rate can be obviously improved when one to two years of strong lateral branches are grafted in a square block, the survival rate of grafted tree buds is over 95 percent, the growth direction of the upper crown after successful grafting can be controlled, the lateral growth of branches can be realized, the sunlight can be better received, the growth height of the sapling can be controlled, the problem that the later management and fruit picking are influenced due to the overhigh growth of the sapling is avoided, and the method can be widely popularized.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the steps in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: a method for top grafting and crown changing of a big American hickory tree by adopting square bud grafting comprises top grafting and crown changing;
wherein, the crown is changed by the following method:
s1: selecting a big tree needing crown replacement: selecting trees with diameter larger than 2cm at 1.3m height of trunk, and determining pile retaining height of the selected saplings according to cultivation purpose (such as 2.0-2.5m for fruit and wood dual-purpose type pile retaining height);
s2: selecting a clear weather during the period from the first year of frost to the winter solstice, cutting off the trunk in the subsequent weather without continuous overcast and rainy days, smearing a disinfectant at the cut-off part, and then smearing a protective agent;
s3: in spring of the next year, a plurality of lateral buds are emitted from the upper end of the high-position lopped tree, 3 to 4 strong lateral buds and 1 top bud are selected and left in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, and the rest buds are all erased; after 2 to 3 months, selecting 3 to 4 side branches which are uniformly distributed on the main rod, have the diameter of 0.8cm-1.2cm and good growth vigor, and trimming and removing the rest side branches, wherein the trimmed wounds are the wound treatment method of S1;
s4: selecting weather of clear weather and subsequent weather without continuous overcast and rainy days from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months in the next year, and performing square budding when the remained bud branches are semi-lignified;
the square bud grafting requires skillful manipulation and quick action, and the scion is grafted at any time, which comprises the following steps:
1. cutting a straight and smooth part of the stock by a double-edged knife in an up-and-down parallel manner, wherein the width of the cut exceeds 1.2cm and reaches the xylem, then longitudinally cutting a cut from the edge of the left side, the cut reaches the xylem and is connected with an upper cut and a lower cut, picking up the cortex to tear the xylem, and finally tearing a notch downwards at the lower right corner of the cut by hand to facilitate a water outlet;
2. selecting scions with the thickness equivalent to that of the stock, respectively and transversely cutting the upper and lower full buds at the middle and upper parts for one time during scion, wherein the buds are centered and reach the xylem deeply, the width of the buds is slightly less than that of the stock cut, then longitudinally cutting the buds from the left side for one time, reaching the essence part deeply and connecting the upper and lower cut edges, and finally pinching the base parts of the petioles by a thumb and a forefinger and slightly forcibly tearing off bud slices towards the right side, a little xylem is required to be arranged at the concave parts of the inner surfaces of the bud slices, and the bud slices with;
3. after the bud slices are taken down, cambium layers on the left sides of the bud slices and the left sides of the stocks, the upper ends of the bud slices and the upper ends of the stocks are immediately aligned and embedded into the notches, the bud slices are tightly wound by plastic strips from bottom to top, and only petioles need to be wound and tightened;
4. the tannin content in the scion buds of the American walnuts is high, and a black isolation layer is easily generated when the scion buds meet air, so that the formation of interface callus is influenced, the operation is performed by a worker skilled in a manipulation, and the whole process of square budding is maintained within five minutes;
5. 2 to 3 days after the square bud grafting, 2 to 3 complete and robust compound leaves are left on the grafting bud, the stock shoot is cut off, and the wound flow of the wound of the grafting bud is dispersed, so that the survival rate is improved, the germination is advanced, and the growth amount of the scion in the current year is increased.
Preferably, the cut-off opening of the high-position lopping in S1 needs to be cut and leveled, the disinfectant comprises 2% -5% of copper sulfate or 0.1% of mercuric chloride aqueous solution for disinfection, the smearing protective agent comprises 1 part of animal oil, 0.7 part of rosin and 0.5 part of beeswax, the animal oil, the rosin and the beeswax are heated, melted and uniformly mixed, the disinfection of the wound is carried out through the disinfectant, the infection of viruses is avoided, the protective agent can carry out sealing protection on the wound, and the subsequent infection is prevented.
Preferably, the grafting in the step S3 selects the trunk to concentrate the side, and the position that is located the upper end carries out the bud grafting, and each bud is the central gathering distribution after the square bud grafting, lets the bud piece after the grafting be the homodisperse distribution, and the umbelliform distribution after being convenient for grow up, and the photic area is big, increases fruit output and quality.
Preferably, in S1, the crown is changed by top grafting, a tree with the diameter larger than 2cm at the position of 1.3m height of the trunk is selected, the tree is straight and strong, the plant is diseased and the seedling is dead and the seedling is replanted again, the seedling with the diameter larger than 2cm is suitable for being cut short, the vitality is vigorous, a plurality of lateral branches can be germinated, and the subsequent square bud grafting is convenient.
Preferably, multiple lateral branches of the high-position branch seedling can also be subjected to crown replacement treatment in a chimeric grafting manner in March of the third year, and the crown replacement treatment by grafting can be performed in multiple manners, so that the method can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and is wide in application range.
Preferably, the bud base and the leaf stalk are firmly bound in the square bud grafting step 3, so that bud pieces are prevented from being warped, gaps cannot exist, the bridging phenomenon is avoided, the survival rate of the scion can be guaranteed through corresponding attachment, the scion can be promoted to germinate in advance, and the growth amount of the scion in the current year is increased.
Preferably, the incision of the rootstock in the square budding step 3 is required to be flat and smooth without damaging xylem, the flat and smooth incision can enable the scion to be better attached, and the abdominal grafting effect is good.
Has the advantages that: the high artificial short section of trunk, can go to control the growth height of tree body according to the cultivation purpose, can let high-order sapling carry out the circumferential extension growth after changing the crown, the sapling after cutting grows out the collateral branch of one to two years at the upper end, the strong collateral branch of one to two years of growth can obviously improve the survival rate when the square grafting, let the bud survival rate of grafting more than 95%, the growth direction after the grafting of steerable upper end crown is succeeded simultaneously, can let the branch grow transversely, better receipt sunshine, the growth height of sapling is controllable simultaneously, avoid sapling to grow excessively high, influence the management in later stage and the harvesting of fruit.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for top grafting and crown changing of a big American hickory tree by adopting square bud grafting is characterized by comprising top grafting and crown changing;
wherein, the crown is changed by the following method:
s1: selecting a big tree needing crown replacement: selecting trees with diameter larger than 2cm at 1.3m height of trunk, and determining pile retaining height of the selected saplings according to cultivation purpose (such as 2.0-2.5m for fruit and wood dual-purpose type pile retaining height);
s2: selecting a clear weather during the period from the first year of frost to the winter solstice, cutting off the trunk in the subsequent weather without continuous overcast and rainy days, smearing a disinfectant at the cut-off part, and then smearing a protective agent;
s3: in spring of the next year, a plurality of lateral buds are emitted from the upper end of the high-position lopped tree, 3 to 4 strong lateral buds and 1 top bud are selected and left in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, and the rest buds are all erased; after 2 to 3 months, selecting 3 to 4 side branches which are uniformly distributed on the main rod, have the diameter of 0.8cm-1.2cm and good growth vigor, and trimming and removing the rest side branches, wherein the trimmed wounds are the wound treatment method of S1;
s4: selecting weather of clear weather and subsequent weather without continuous overcast and rainy days from the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months in the next year, and performing square budding when the remained bud branches are semi-lignified;
the square bud grafting requires skillful manipulation and quick action, and the scion is grafted at any time, which comprises the following steps:
1. cutting a straight and smooth part of the stock by a double-edged knife in an up-and-down parallel manner, wherein the width of the cut exceeds 1.2cm and reaches the xylem, then longitudinally cutting a cut from the edge of the left side, the cut reaches the xylem and is connected with an upper cut and a lower cut, picking up the cortex to tear the xylem, and finally tearing a notch downwards at the lower right corner of the cut by hand to facilitate a water outlet;
2. selecting scions with the thickness equivalent to that of the stock, respectively and transversely cutting the upper and lower full buds at the middle and upper parts for one time during scion, wherein the buds are centered and reach the xylem deeply, the width of the buds is slightly less than that of the stock cut, then longitudinally cutting the buds from the left side for one time, reaching the essence part deeply and connecting the upper and lower cut edges, and finally pinching the base parts of the petioles by a thumb and a forefinger and slightly forcibly tearing off bud slices towards the right side, a little xylem is required to be arranged at the concave parts of the inner surfaces of the bud slices, and the bud slices with;
3. after the bud slices are taken down, cambium layers on the left sides of the bud slices and the left sides of the stocks, the upper ends of the bud slices and the upper ends of the stocks are immediately aligned and embedded into the notches, the bud slices are tightly wound by plastic strips from bottom to top, and only petioles need to be wound and tightened;
4. the tannin content in the scion buds of the American walnuts is high, and a black isolation layer is easily generated when the scion buds meet air, so that the formation of interface callus is influenced, the operation is performed by a worker skilled in a manipulation, and the whole process of square budding is maintained within five minutes;
5. 2 to 3 days after the square bud grafting, 2 to 3 complete and robust compound leaves are left on the grafting bud, the stock shoot is cut off, and the wound flow of the wound of the grafting bud is dispersed, so that the survival rate is improved, the germination is advanced, and the growth amount of the scion in the current year is increased.
2. A method for top grafting and crown changing of a big American hickory tree by adopting square bud grafting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cut-off opening of the high-position cut-off branch in S1 needs to be cut and leveled, the disinfectant comprises 2-5% of copper sulfate or 0.1% of mercuric chloride aqueous solution for disinfection, the protective agent is coated by 1 part of animal oil, 0.7 part of rosin and 0.5 part of beeswax, and the components are heated, melted and uniformly mixed.
3. The method for top grafting and crown changing of the large pecan tree by square budding according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, the grafting step adopts the main trunk concentrated side and the position at the upper end for bud grafting, and the buds are gathered at the center after the square bud grafting.
4. The method for top grafting and crown changing of the large pecan tree by square budding according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and S1, selecting a tree with a diameter of more than 2cm at a position with a height of 1.3m on the trunk, wherein the tree is straight and strong, and the plant is ill, dead and replanting again.
5. The method for top grafting and crown changing of the large pecan tree by square budding according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a plurality of lateral branches of the high-position branch seedling can also be subjected to crown replacement treatment in a manner of chimeric grafting in March of the third year.
6. The method for top grafting and crown changing of the large pecan tree by square budding according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3 of square budding, bud bases and leaf stalks are firmly bound, so that bud pieces are prevented from being warped, gaps cannot exist, and the phenomenon of bridging is avoided.
7. The method for top grafting and crown changing of the large pecan tree by square budding according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the incision of the rootstock in the square budding step 3 is required to be flat and smooth without damaging xylem.
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| CN113383655A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-09-14 | 河南农业大学 | Method for overcoming walnut high-junction decline and death |
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