CN114009232B - Tea tree grafting method and application thereof - Google Patents
Tea tree grafting method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009232B CN114009232B CN202111423213.1A CN202111423213A CN114009232B CN 114009232 B CN114009232 B CN 114009232B CN 202111423213 A CN202111423213 A CN 202111423213A CN 114009232 B CN114009232 B CN 114009232B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree grafting, in particular to a tea tree grafting method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) selection of scions and stocks; (2) scion treatment; (3) grafting pretreatment of the stock; (4) processing the stock; (5) cutting the scion; (6) binding scions and bagging; (7) The method for managing the grafted tea trees solves the problems of more shaping pruning times, slow growth of new tree tips, few branches, slow effect and the like of the existing tea tree grafting and changing technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree grafting, in particular to a tea tree grafting method and application thereof.
Background
China is a tea tree origin, and the tea production source is long. In many old tea areas, the original cultivars are not suitable for the market demand, and old tea gardens are faced with the problem of updating and changing seeds. Improved varieties are an important foundation for the development of tea industry, but in old tea areas, the development of new tea gardens is not too large, and the existing tea gardens are mostly mixed group varieties. The reclamation and the replacement are effective methods for improving the tea garden of the group, but the reclamation and the replacement firstly have the defects of large labor and investment for digging old tea trees and easy water and soil loss; secondly, the survival rate of new tea seedlings is low and the growth is poor due to the physical and chemical property change of the soil in many old tea gardens; thirdly, the effect can be achieved only about 3 years after planting, and the period of garden forming is long. Therefore, the improvement of old tea gardens by grafting technology is actively explored in all places. Currently, a 1-bud 1-leaf scion low-position cleavage grafting method is widely adopted. The method has higher grafting survival rate, but the new tree grows slowly after grafting, the branches are few, the branches are required to be shaped and trimmed for multiple times, the formation of the branches is promoted, and the re-production of the tea garden after transformation is required to be carried out for more than 2 years.
In view of the above drawbacks, the present inventors have finally achieved the present invention through long-time studies and practices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of more shaping pruning times, slow growth of new tips, few branches, slow effect and the like of the conventional tea tree grafting and seed changing technology, and provides a tea tree grafting method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a tea tree grafting method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting proper scions and stocks;
s2: the length of the scion in the step S1 is 4-6 cm, two axillary buds are reserved, the leaves at the axillary buds at the lower end are cut off, the leaves at the axillary buds at the upper end are reserved, one half of the leaves are cut off, a horse ear-shaped inclined plane with the length of 3-4 cm is cut down obliquely on the back of the axillary buds at the lower end of the scion, and a knife is cut on each side of the horse ear-shaped inclined plane to expose the greenish tender skin;
s3: one week before grafting, fully watering a tea garden, sawing off branches with the height of more than 10-20 cm from the ground to obtain branches, cleaning out the tea garden, and spraying 0.5g/L carbendazim for sterilizing tea trees;
s4: and (5) processing the stock. Selecting a smooth part without mechanical damage on a backbone branch, shearing the branch with pruning shears to form a transverse incision, vertically cutting a cortex at the incision, downwards cutting an incision by 3-4 cm, slightly opening the cortex at the left side and the right side by using the knife, and forming a V-shaped grafting port;
s5: dipping 2g/L of naphthylacetic acid growth regulator on the base of the scion for 5-6 s, picking up a V-shaped notch on the stock, inserting the scion, attaching a horse ear-shaped inclined plane to the xylem, enabling the upper end of the inclined plane to be slightly higher than the transverse notch of the stock, and enabling the inclined planes on two sides to be aligned with the cambium of the stock;
s6: binding with a special grafting binding band with the width of 3cm, clamping a grafting part by a grafting clamp, and covering with a transparent plastic bag for moisture preservation;
s7: and after grafting is completed, respectively managing water, fertilizer, light and insect pests.
In the step S1, the scion is selected from tea tree branches which are semi-lignified for more than two years, and the branches which are reddish brown, semi-lignified and have thick growth, no plant diseases and insect pests and full buds are presented on the parent tree; the stock is selected to grow healthily, the standing condition is good, the stock has obvious trunk and main branches, the tree age is 5-30 years, the stock has stronger resistance, and the scion has high-quality tea trees with strong affinity, and 4-5 backbone branches are reserved for each plant of tea tree to be used as the stock.
In the step S2, the scion is cut into three surfaces, one surface is in a horse ear shape, and a cutter is cut at the left side and the right side of the scion to expose the cambium, so that the contact area of the scion and the cambium of the stock is increased, and the grafting survival rate is improved.
And (3) fully watering the stock in the step (S3) one week before the stock is treated, and sterilizing the stock by adopting 0.5g/L carbendazim.
And (5) dipping 2g/L of naphthylacetic acid growth regulator in the scion in the step (S5).
The special binding band for grafting in the step S6 is white in spring and summer and black film in autumn
And in the step S6, after the grafting clamp is clamped, bagging is carried out on the grafting part, a transparent plastic bag with the length of 15cm multiplied by 23cm is used for sleeving protection, the distance from the grafting seedling to the top of the plastic bag is ensured to be 14-16 cm during bagging, the grown grafting seedling is prevented from contacting the bagging bud heads, and the bagging is removed when the scion grows 1 bud and 2-3 new shoots.
The water management after grafting in the step S7 is as follows: cooling treatment is carried out by using a spray irrigation system during grafting in summer;
the nutrient management is as follows: after the new plant grows out slightly, spraying the leaf surface with 0.5% urea, and spraying once every 10 days;
the illumination management is as follows: building a small arch shed after grafting, covering a black sunshade net with the shading rate of 60-75%, and uncovering the sunshade net after 4 months;
the pest control is as follows: 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times liquid, imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times liquid with the content of effective components of 10% or 5% avermectin suspending agent 2000 times liquid is selected for preventing and controlling piercing and sucking leaf-eating pests which are harmful to tender tips.
The invention also discloses application of the tea tree grafting method in Shucha early grafting Huangbi.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the stock is sterilized by 0.5g/L carbendazim before trimming, and mould infection and diseases after grafting are reduced. And the water is fully poured one week before grafting, so that the water content of the stock is high during grafting, and the grafting survival rate is improved. The saw stock adopts the electric hand saw, so that the cut is smooth, the phloem is not torn, and compared with the traditional method for sawing the stock by using the manual knife saw, the labor intensity and the labor cost are reduced, and the efficiency is improved;
2. compared with a 1-bud 1-leaf scion low-position split grafting method, the grafting method disclosed by the invention has the advantage that the cost is saved by more than 50%; the 2-bud 1-leaf scion reduces half working hours, two bud heads germinate simultaneously, which is beneficial to the old tea tree to be planted instead of a quick garden, and the actual production proves that the grafting method has high scion survival rate, vigorous growth and more branches;
3. for the grafting binding band, the invention suggests that the grafting is carried out in spring and summer, and the weather is warm or hot, and a white film is adopted, so that the white film can reflect light to prevent the scion from being burnt by sunlight. The black film is used for binding in autumn, which is favorable for absorbing heat, promoting the cell division of grafted tea trees, helping the formation and healing development of wound tissues, and the grafting method improves the grafting survival rate;
4. the low-position split grafting method of 1 bud and 1 leaf scions is widely adopted in the current production. The novel method solves the problems of more shaping pruning times, slow growth, less branches, slow effect and the like of the existing tea tree grafting and seed changing technology, and provides a novel method for tea tree grafting and application thereof;
drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of growth vigor of grafted seedlings in different periods of split grafting;
FIG. 2 is a physical diagram of the growth vigor of grafted seedlings at different periods of abdominal grafting;
FIG. 3 is a growth potential physical diagram of grafted seedlings grafted in different periods of the patent;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the whole cluster of tea tree in the grafting method of the present patent;
FIG. 5 is a physical diagram of a whole cluster of tea trees grafted with scions of 1 bud and 1 leaf;
fig. 6 is a schematic front view of the scion and the stock of the present patent;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the backside of the scion of the present patent;
FIG. 8 is a side view of a scion of the grafting method of the present patent;
FIG. 9 is a combination of scions of the grafting method of the present patent;
fig. 10 is a dressing of the scion by the grafting method of the present patent.
Detailed Description
The technical features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Experimental time: 2021, 5-2021, 11
Experimental base: resource nursery for Anhui agricultural university
The experimental object: grafting and changing of tea garden of Shucha early variety and yellow flower variety
Experimental procedure
1. Selection of scions: selecting a semi-woody branch of a yellow kui tea variety, which is reddish brown, thick, free of plant diseases and insect pests and full in axillary buds;
2. selection of a stock: the tea tree variety Shucha with good growth is used as a stock. One week before grafting, watering the tea garden fully, sawing off branches with the height of more than 10-20 cm from the ground to clean the tea garden; spraying 0.5g/L carbendazim to sterilize the tea tree;
3. and (3) scion treatment: the scion length is 4-6 cm, two axillary buds are reserved, the leaves at the axillary buds at the lower end are cut off, the leaves at the axillary buds at the upper end are reserved, and one half of the leaves are cut off from the leaf tips, and the details are shown in figure 6. Cutting a horse ear-shaped inclined plane with the length of 3-4 cm obliquely downwards on the back of the axillary bud at the lower end of the scion, cutting a knife on each side of the horse ear-shaped inclined plane to expose a greenish tender skin, wherein the detail is shown in figure 7;
4. and (5) processing the stock. Selecting a smooth part without mechanical damage on the backbone branches of each cluster of tea trees, pruning and trimming the branches to form transverse cuts; the cortex is vertically carved by a knife at the incision, and the incision of 3-4 cm is downwards carved, the cortex is gently opened at the left side and the right side by the knife, a V-shaped grafting port is formed, and the detail is shown in figure 6;
5. dipping 2g/L of naphthylacetic acid at the base of the scion for 5-6 s, opening a V-shaped incision on the stock, inserting the scion, attaching a horse ear-shaped inclined plane to the xylem, wherein the upper end of the inclined plane is slightly higher than the transverse incision of the stock, and the inclined planes at two sides are aligned with the cambium of the stock, and the detail is shown in figure 9;
6. binding is carried out by using a white grafting special binding belt with the width of about 3cm, and the detail is shown in figure 10. And clamping the grafting part by using a grafting clamp. Covering with transparent plastic bag for moisturizing;
7. the water management after grafting is as follows: and cooling treatment is carried out for 15-20 minutes by using a spray irrigation system every day. The nutrient management is as follows: after 1 bud grows slightly and 2-3 leaves are grown, 0.5% urea is used for foliage spraying, and the spraying is carried out once every 10 days. The illumination management is as follows: building a small arch shed after grafting, and covering a black sunshade net with a shading rate of 60-75%; and uncovering the sunshade net in the middle and late 9 months. The pest control is as follows: selecting imidacloprid wettable powder with the active ingredient content of 10 percent and 1000 times of liquid to control aphids; 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times liquid for preventing and treating tea leafhoppers.
And 5 months after grafting, the grafting survival rate is counted, and the survival rate reaches 80.3%.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 1, the traditional grafting method is 1 bud and 1 leaf low-position cleft grafting. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting (sawing) the anvil: cutting off the branches at a distance of 10-20 cm from the ground, ensuring smooth section, avoiding damaging cortex, and timely cleaning the cut branches out of the garden;
(2) Cutting ears: the scion is provided with a robust leaf and full axillary buds, the scion length is 3-4 cm, and the splitting surface is 1.5cm long and is in a wedge shape with two symmetrical sides;
(3) Chopping scion: longitudinally splitting the tree stock by 2cm in the center or 1/3 of the cross section of the tree stock by using a chopper, tightly connecting the scion with the cambium of the tree stock, aligning the outer edges, and binding by using a grafting film;
(4) And (3) bagging and moisturizing: the grafting bag is sleeved on the grafting position for moisture preservation (a support is preferably arranged in the bag), and the bag is removed when the young shoots grow to 10-15 cm. Five months after grafting, the treatment pair is as shown in fig. 1, the scion grows to 1 bud and 2 leaves at a new tip of grafting 20d, the new tip of the scion grows in one round about 60d, the average length of the new tip growth is 15.08cm, the new tip of the scion grows in two rounds about 90d, and the new tip of the scion has 1-2 branches. In the example, as shown in fig. 3, the grafted seedling of the patent grows to 1 bud and 2 leaves at a new tip of grafting 35d, completes one round of growth of the new tip of the scion at about 60d, and completes two rounds of growth of the new tip at about 90d, wherein the average length of the new tip growth is 22.18cm, and the new tip has 4-5 branches.
Comparative example 2
Compared to example 1, grafting was abdominal grafting. The abdomen connection step is as follows:
(1) Cutting (sawing) the anvil: cutting off the branches at a distance of 10-20 cm from the ground, ensuring smooth section, avoiding damaging cortex, and timely cleaning the cut branches out of the garden;
(2) Cutting ears: combining the scion with the middle part of the stock, selecting a proper part at the middle part of the stock, bending the stock outwards by the left hand, chamfering a cutter from top to bottom by the right hand, and making the wound grow 1.5-2.5 cm deep into the xylem of the stock. The lower end of the scion is cut into two horse ear-shaped inclined planes, one surface is long and the other surface is short, the length is 1.5-2.5 cm, and the length is about 0.5 cm;
(3) Scion: when the stock is combined with the scion, the left hand pulls the stock incision in the opposite direction to separate the two parts of the oblique incision, the right hand rapidly inserts the scion into the stock incision, the large inclined plane of the scion faces to the inner side, and the cambium on two sides or one side of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the stock.
(4) And (3) bagging and moisturizing: the grafting bag is sleeved on the grafting position for moisture preservation (a support is preferably arranged in the bag), and the bag is removed when the young shoots grow to 10-15 cm. Five months after grafting, the treatment pair is as shown in fig. 2, the new tip grows to 1 bud and 2 leaves in the grafting 20d, the new tip grows in one round around 90d, the average length of the new tip growth is 5.23cm, and the new tip has no branches. The grafted seedling grows to 1 bud and 2 leaves at the grafting 35d, completes one round of growth of the new tip of the scion at about 60d, and completes two rounds of growth of the new tip at about 90d, wherein the length of the new tip growth is 22.18cm on average, and the new tip has 4-5 branches.
Comparative example 3
In comparison to example 1, the scion was 1 bud and 1 leaf, and the rest steps were the same as in this patent. The scion cutting step is as follows: the scion retains one axillary bud and one leaf (leaves half). Five months after grafting, the survival rate of 1 bud and 1 leaf grafting is only 60%, the average length of new tree scions grown slightly is 15.08cm, 1 bud and 1 leaf are used as the whole cluster of tea tree scions, each new tree has 1-2 branches, the whole cluster of tea tree has 7 branches, and the growth vigor is weaker than that of the grafting mode of the patent. The special scion form of the patent has the survival rate of 80.3%, the average scion branching condition is 4-5, the whole cluster of tea trees in the grafting method in the example is shown in a physical diagram of fig. 4, the average length of new tree trunks is 22.18cm, each new tree trunk has 4-5 branches, the whole cluster of tea trees has about 28 branches, and the growth vigor is good.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to be limiting. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that many variations, modifications, and even equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The application of the tea tree grafting method in early grafting yellow kui of Shucha is characterized in that the tea tree grafting method comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting proper scions and stocks; the scion selects the semi-lignified branches of the tea trees with more than two years, which are reddish brown, thick, free from plant diseases and insect pests and full in axillary buds, the stock selects the tea trees with good growth vigor and obvious backbone branches and 5-30 years of tree age, and 4-5 backbone branches are reserved for each cluster of tea trees to be used as grafting stocks;
s2: the length of the scion in the step S1 is 4-6 cm, two axillary buds are reserved, the leaves at the axillary buds at the lower end are cut off, the leaves at the axillary buds at the upper end are reserved, 1/2 of the leaves at the axillary buds at the upper end are cut off, a horse ear-shaped inclined plane with the length of 3-4 cm is cut downwards at the back of the axillary buds at the lower end of the scion in an inclined manner, and a cutter is cut on two sides of the horse ear-shaped inclined plane to expose the greenish tender skin;
s3: one week before grafting, fully watering a tea garden, sawing off branches with the height of more than 10-20 cm from the ground to the backbone branches, cleaning out the tea garden, and spraying 0.5g/L carbendazim for sterilizing tea trees;
s4: and (3) stock treatment: selecting a smooth part without mechanical damage on a backbone branch, shearing the branch with pruning shears to form a transverse incision, vertically cutting a cortex at the incision, downwards cutting an incision by 3-4 cm, slightly opening the cortex at the left side and the right side by using the knife, and forming a V-shaped grafting port;
s5: dipping 2g/L of naphthylacetic acid growth regulator on the base of the scion for 5-6 s, picking up a V-shaped notch on the stock, inserting the scion, attaching a horse ear-shaped inclined plane to the xylem, enabling the upper end of the inclined plane to be slightly higher than the transverse notch of the stock, and enabling the inclined planes on two sides to be aligned with the cambium of the stock;
s6: binding with a special grafting binding band with the width of 3cm, clamping a grafting part by a grafting clamp, and covering with a transparent plastic bag for moisture preservation;
s7: after grafting is completed, water, fertilizer, light and insect pest are managed;
in the step S2, the scion is cut into three surfaces, one surface is in a horse ear shape, and a cutter is cut at the left side and the right side of the scion to expose the cambium, so that the contact area of the scion and the cambium of the stock is increased, and the grafting survival rate is improved.
2. The application of the tea tree grafting method according to claim 1 in early grafting yellow kui of Shucha, wherein the special grafting binding band in the step S6 is white in spring and summer and black in autumn.
3. The method for grafting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the grafting part is covered with a transparent plastic bag of 15cm x 23cm after the grafting clip is clamped in the step S6, the transparent plastic bag is covered with the bag to protect the grafting part, the distance between the grafting seedling and the top of the plastic bag is ensured to be 14-16 cm during the covering, the grown grafting seedling is prevented from contacting the bud head of the covering bag, and the covering bag is removed when 1 bud 2-3 new shoots grow on the scion.
4. The application of the tea tree grafting method according to claim 1 in early grafting yellow kui of Shucha, wherein the moisture management after grafting in the step S7 is: cooling treatment is carried out by using a spray irrigation system during grafting in summer;
the nutrient management is as follows: after the new plant grows out slightly, spraying the leaf surface with 0.5% urea, and spraying once every 10 days;
the illumination management is as follows: building a small arch shed after grafting, covering a black sunshade net with a shading rate of 60% -75%, and uncovering the sunshade net after 4 months;
the pest control is as follows: 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times liquid, imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times liquid with the content of effective components of 10% or 5% avermectin suspending agent 2000 times liquid is selected for preventing and controlling piercing and sucking leaf-eating pests which are harmful to tender tips.
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