CN114009232A - Method for grafting tea trees and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree grafting, in particular to a tea tree grafting method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting scions and rootstocks; (2) processing the scions; (3) pre-treatment of stock grafting; (4) treating the rootstock; (5) grafting scions; (6) binding up the scion and bagging; (7) the method for grafting the tea trees solves the problems of more shaping and trimming times, slow growth of new tea, less branches, slow effect and the like of the existing tea tree grafting and seed changing technology.

Description

Method for grafting tea trees and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree grafting, in particular to a tea tree grafting method and application thereof.

Background

China is the origin of tea trees, and the tea production source is far and long. In a plurality of old tea areas, the original cultivated varieties are not suitable for the market demands, and old tea gardens face the problem of updating and changing varieties. The improved variety is an important foundation for the development of the tea industry, but in the old tea area, the development of a new tea garden has no large space, and most of the existing tea gardens are mixed group varieties. The re-reclamation and seed changing are effective methods for improving the group tea garden, but the re-reclamation and planting are firstly more labor-consuming and large in investment for digging old tea trees and are easy to cause water and soil loss; secondly, due to the change of physical and chemical properties of soil, the survival rate of new tea seedlings is low and the new tea seedlings grow badly in a plurality of old tea gardens; third, the effect can be seen only about 3 years after the planting, and the period of the garden is long. Therefore, the old tea garden is actively explored and improved by utilizing the grafting technology in various places. Currently, the 1-bud 1-leaf scion low cleft grafting method is widely adopted. The method has high grafting survival rate, but the grafted tea tree grows slowly and has few branches, multiple shaping and trimming are needed to promote the formation of the branches, and the tea garden needs more than 2 years for re-production after reconstruction.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the inventors of the present invention have finally obtained the present invention through a long period of research and practice.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of more times of shaping and pruning, slow growth of new tea, less branches, slow effect and the like of the existing tea tree grafting and replanting technology, and provides a tea tree grafting method and application thereof.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a method for grafting tea trees, which comprises the following steps:

s1: selecting proper scions and stocks;

s2: the length of the scion in the step S1 is 4-6 cm, two axillary buds are reserved, leaves at the axillary buds at the lower end are cut off, leaves at the axillary buds at the upper end are reserved, one half of the leaves are cut off, a 3-4 cm-long horse ear-shaped inclined plane is obliquely and downwards cut off from the back of the axillary buds at the lower end of the scion, two sides of the horse ear-shaped inclined plane are cut once respectively, and light green tender skin is exposed;

s3: one week before grafting, watering enough water in a grafted tea garden, sawing off branches with the height of more than 10-20 cm from the ground, cleaning the grafted tea garden, and spraying 0.5g/L carbendazim to sterilize the tea trees;

s4: and (4) treating the rootstock. Selecting a smooth part without mechanical damage on a backbone branch, using pruning shears to cut the branch flat to form a transverse cut, vertically carving a cortex at the cut by using a knife, downwards cutting a cut of 3-4 cm, and lightly pricking the cortex to the left side and the right side by using the knife to form a V-shaped grafting opening;

s5: dipping the base part of the scion with 2g/L of naphthylacetic acid growth regulator for 5-6 s, opening a V-shaped notch on the stock, inserting the scion, sticking a horse ear-shaped inclined plane to the xylem, slightly raising the upper end of the inclined plane to be higher than a transverse notch of the stock, and aligning the inclined planes on the two sides with the cambium of the stock;

s6: binding with a special grafting binding band with the width of 3cm, clamping a grafting part with a grafting clip, and covering with a transparent plastic bag for moisturizing;

s7: and after grafting, respectively managing water, fertilizer, light and insect pests.

In the step S1, selecting over two years of semi-lignified tea tree branches as scions, wherein the parent trees present reddish brown semi-lignified branches with strong growth, no plant diseases and insect pests and full buds and leaves; the rootstocks are high-quality tea trees which are robust in growth and development, good in field conditions, obvious in trunk and main branches, 5-30 years in tree age, strong in resistance and strong in affinity with scions, and 4-5 bone dry branches are reserved for each tea tree to serve as the rootstocks.

In the step S2, the scion is cut into three sides, one side is in a horse ear shape, the left side and the right side of the scion are respectively cut once, and the cambium is exposed, so that the contact area of the scion and the cambium of the stock is increased, and the grafting survival rate is improved.

In the step S3, enough water is poured in one week before the rootstock is treated, and 0.5g/L carbendazim is adopted to sterilize the rootstock.

In the step S5, 2g/L of naphthylacetic acid growth regulator is dipped in the scion.

In the step S6, the special grafting band is white in spring and summer, and black film is used in autumn

And step S6, bagging the grafting part after the grafting clip clamps, sheathing the grafting part with a transparent plastic bag of 15cm multiplied by 23cm for protection, wherein the distance between the grafted seedling and the top of the plastic bag is ensured to be 14-16 cm during bagging, so that the grown grafted seedling is prevented from contacting bud heads of the bagging and being burnt, and the bagging is removed when the scion grows 1 bud and 2-3 young shoots.

The grafted water management in the step S7 is as follows: cooling by using a sprinkling irrigation system during grafting in summer;

the nutrient management comprises the following steps: after the new tip grows out, spraying 0.5% urea on the leaf surface, and spraying once every 10 days;

the illumination management is as follows: building a small arched shed after grafting, covering a black sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% -75%, and uncovering the sunshade net after 4 months;

the pest control is as follows: 2500 times of liquid of 2.5 percent deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder with the active ingredient content of 10 percent or 2000 times of liquid of 5 percent avermectin suspending agent are selected to prevent and control the piercing-sucking and leaf-eating pests which are harmful young shoots.

The invention also discloses an application of the tea tree grafting method in Shuchazao Huangkui grafting.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the stock is disinfected and sterilized by 0.5g/L carbendazim before pruning, so that mould infection and diseases after grafting are reduced. Sufficient water is poured in one week before grafting, so that the water content of the stock is high during grafting, and the grafting survival rate is improved. The electric handsaw is adopted for sawing the stock, so that the cut is smooth, the phloem is not torn, and compared with the traditional manual knife sawing method, the labor intensity and the labor cost are reduced, and the efficiency is improved;

2. compared with the 1-bud 1-leaf scion low-position cleft grafting method, the grafting method saves the cost by more than 50 percent; the working hours of 2 buds and 1 leaf scions are reduced by half, two bud heads germinate simultaneously, which is beneficial to the old tea tree to be transplanted into a garden quickly, and the grafting mode has high scion survival rate, vigorous growth and more branches in actual production;

3. for the grafting bandage, the invention proposes spring and summer grafting, and adopts white film in warm or hot weather, because the white film can reflect light to prevent the scion from being burnt by sunlight. The black film is used for binding in autumn, so that the heat absorption is facilitated, the cell division of the grafted tea tree is promoted, the formation and healing development of wound tissues are facilitated, and the grafting survival rate is improved by the grafting method;

4. the 1-bud 1-leaf scion low cleft grafting method is widely adopted in the current production. The patent provides a novel method for grafting tea trees and application thereof, which solves the problems of more times of shaping and pruning, slow growth of new tea trees, less branches, slow effect and the like of the existing tea tree grafting and replanting technology;

drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a grafted seedling growth potential entity at different periods of cleft grafting;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the growth potential of grafted seedlings in different periods of the side grafting;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a grafted seedling growth potential object in different grafting periods;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a complete bundle of tea trees in the grafting method of the patent;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a whole bundle of tea tree species grafted with 1 bud and 1 leaf scion;

FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of the scion and the rootstock of the present patent;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the back of the scion of the present patent;

FIG. 8 is a side view of the scion of the grafting method of this patent;

FIG. 9 is a combination view of the scion according to the grafting method of the present patent;

FIG. 10 is the wrapping view of the scion in the grafting method of the present patent.

Detailed Description

The technical features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

Experiment time: 5 months-2021 months-11 months in 2021

An experimental base: resource garden of Anhui agricultural university

Subject: the Shuchazao variety tea garden is grafted and changed into a etiolated variety Huangkui

Procedure of experiment

1. Selection of scions: selecting half-woody branches of a tea tree variety Huangkui, wherein the half-woody branches are reddish brown, thick, free of diseases and insect pests and full in axillary buds;

2. selecting the rootstock: the well-grown tea tree variety Shucha serves as the stock. One week before grafting, sufficiently watering the grafted tea garden, sawing off branches with the height of more than 10-20 cm from the ground to the backbone branches, and cleaning the grafted tea garden; spraying 0.5g/L carbendazim to sterilize the tea trees;

3. and (3) scion treatment: the length of the scion is 4-6 cm, two axillary buds are reserved, the leaves at the lower end axillary buds are cut off, the leaves at the upper end axillary buds are reserved, and one half of the leaves are cut off from the leaf tips, and details are shown in fig. 6. Obliquely and downwards cutting a 3-4 cm long horse ear-shaped inclined plane at the back of an axillary bud at the lower end of the scion, and cutting a knife on each of two sides of the horse ear-shaped inclined plane to expose a slightly green tender skin, wherein the details are shown in fig. 7;

4. and (4) treating the rootstock. Selecting a smooth part without mechanical damage on each bundle of tea tree backbone branches, and pruning and flattening the branches to form transverse cuts; vertically carving the cortex at the incision by using a knife, downwards cutting a 3-4 cm incision, and lightly opening the cortex towards the left side and the right side by using the knife to form a V-shaped grafting opening, wherein the details are shown in figure 6;

5. dipping the base part of the scion with 2g/L naphthylacetic acid for 5-6 s, opening a V-shaped notch on the stock, inserting the scion, sticking a horse ear-shaped inclined plane to the xylem, wherein the upper end of the inclined plane is slightly higher than a transverse notch of the stock, and the inclined planes on the two sides are aligned with the cambium of the stock, and the details are shown in FIG. 9;

6. the binding was performed with a white graft specific tie approximately 3cm wide, as shown in detail in fig. 10. And clamping the grafting part by using a grafting clip. Using a transparent plastic bag to cover for moisture preservation;

7. the water management after grafting is as follows: and (4) cooling for 15-20 minutes by using a sprinkling irrigation system every day. The nutrient management comprises the following steps: after 2-3 leaves grow from the new tip, spraying 0.5% urea on the leaves, and spraying once every 10 days. The illumination management is as follows: building a small arched shed after grafting, and covering a black sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% -75%; the sunshade net is uncovered after the middle and the last ten days of 9 months. The pest control is as follows: 1000 times of liquid imidacloprid wettable powder with 10 percent of effective component content is selected to prevent and treat aphids; 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable 2500 times liquid for preventing and treating tea lesser leafhopper.

And 5 months after grafting, the grafting survival rate is counted, and the survival rate reaches 80.3 percent.

Comparative example 1

Compared with example 1, the traditional grafting method is 1-bud and 1-leaf low cleft grafting. The method comprises the following steps:

(1) table mowing (sawing) anvil: cutting (sawing) off the branches 10-20 cm away from the ground to ensure that the cross section is smooth and the cortex is not damaged, and timely cleaning the cut branches out of the garden;

(2) ear cutting: the scion is provided with a robust leaf and full axillary buds, the length of the scion is 3-4 cm, the length of a cleft grafting surface is 1.5cm, and the scion is in a shape of a wedge with symmetrical sides;

(3) chopping stock and scion: longitudinally splitting at the center of the cross section of the stock or at 1/3 by a cleaver to the depth of 2cm, tightly connecting the scion and the stock cambium, aligning the outer edges, and tightly binding by a grafting film;

(4) bagging and moisturizing: and (4) covering the grafting part with a grafting bag for moisturizing (preferably, a support is arranged in the bag), and removing the bag when the young shoots grow to 10-15 cm. After five months of grafting, as shown in figure 1, the new tip of the scion grows to 1 bud and 2 leaves after cleft grafting in 20d, the new tip of the scion grows for one round in about 60d, the average length of the new tip growth is 15.08cm, the new tip grows for two rounds in about 90d, and the new tip has 1-2 branches. In the example, as shown in fig. 3, the grafted seedling of the patent has 1 bud and 2 leaves newly grown on a 35d grafted tip, one round of new growth of the scion is completed in about 60d, the average length of the new tip growth is 22.18cm, two rounds of new tip growth are completed in about 90d, and the new tip has 4-5 branches.

Comparative example 2

Compared to example 1, the grafting was a ventral grafting. The ventral grafting step is as follows:

(1) table mowing (sawing) anvil: cutting (sawing) off the branches 10-20 cm away from the ground to ensure that the cross section is smooth and the cortex is not damaged, and timely cleaning the cut branches out of the garden;

(2) ear cutting: combining the scion with the middle part of the stock, selecting a proper position in the middle part of the stock, bending the stock strip outwards with the left hand, holding the knife with the right hand from top to bottom, obliquely cutting the knife to penetrate into the xylem of the stock, and enabling the length of a wound to be 1.5-2.5 cm. The lower end of the scion is cut into two horse ear-shaped inclined planes, one side is long, the other side is short, the length is 1.5-2.5 cm, and the length is about 0.5 cm;

(3) and (3) grafting scion: when the rootstock is combined with the scion, the left hand pulls the incision of the rootstock in the opposite direction to separate the two parts of the oblique incision, the right hand quickly inserts the scion into the incision, the large inclined plane of the scion faces the inner side, and cambiums on two sides or one side of the scion are aligned with the cambiums of the rootstock.

(4) Bagging and moisturizing: and (4) covering the grafting part with a grafting bag for moisturizing (preferably, a support is arranged in the bag), and removing the bag when the young shoots grow to 10-15 cm. After five months of grafting, the treatment process is that as shown in figure 2, the new tip of the graft grows to 1 bud and 2 leaves after being subjected to the side grafting at 20d, the new tip of the graft grows for about 90d, the average length of the new tip growth is 5.23cm, and the new tip has no branch. The grafted seedling of the patent grows to 1 bud and 2 leaves after 35 days of grafting, one round of new growth of the scion is completed after about 60 days, the average length of the new growth of the scion is 22.18cm, two rounds of new growth are completed after about 90 days, and the new scion has 4-5 branches.

Comparative example 3

Compared with example 1, the scion has 1 bud and 1 leaf, and the rest steps are the same as the patent. The scion cutting steps are as follows: the scion retains one axillary bud and one leaf (half leaf). After five months of grafting, as shown in figure 5, the survival rate of 1-bud and 1-leaf grafting is only 60%, the average growth length of new tips is 15.08cm, the scion of the whole tea tree bundle is 1-bud and 1-2 branches, each new tip has about 7 branches, and the growth potential is weaker than that of the grafting method in the patent. According to the special scion form of the patent, the survival rate is 80.3%, the scion branch condition is averagely 4-5, in the example, the whole tree bundle of the grafting method is shown in figure 4, the average length of the new tea bundle is 22.18cm, each new tea bundle of the whole tree bundle has 4-5 branches, and the whole tree bundle of the tea bundle has about 28 branches, so that the growth vigor is better.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications and equivalents may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A method for grafting tea trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: selecting proper scions and stocks;

s2: the length of the scion in the step S1 is 4-6 cm, two axillary buds are reserved, leaves at the axillary buds at the lower end are cut off, leaves at the axillary buds at the upper end are reserved, 1/2 of the leaves are cut off, a 3-4 cm-long horse ear-shaped inclined plane is obliquely and downwards cut off from the back of the axillary buds at the lower end of the scion, two sides of the horse ear-shaped inclined plane are cut once respectively, and light green tender skin is exposed;

s3: one week before grafting, watering enough water in a grafted tea garden, sawing off branches with the height of more than 10-20 cm from the ground, cleaning the grafted tea garden, and spraying 0.5g/L carbendazim to sterilize the tea trees;

s4: and (3) treating the rootstock: selecting a smooth part without mechanical damage on a backbone branch, using pruning shears to cut the branch flat to form a transverse cut, vertically carving a cortex at the cut by using a knife, downwards cutting a cut of 3-4 cm, and lightly pricking the cortex to the left side and the right side by using the knife to form a V-shaped grafting opening;

s5: dipping the base part of the scion with 2g/L of naphthylacetic acid growth regulator for 5-6 s, opening a V-shaped notch on the stock, inserting the scion, sticking a horse ear-shaped inclined plane to the xylem, slightly raising the upper end of the inclined plane to be higher than a transverse notch of the stock, and aligning the inclined planes on the two sides with the cambium of the stock;

s6: binding with a special grafting binding band with the width of 3cm, clamping a grafting part with a grafting clip, and covering with a transparent plastic bag for moisturizing;

s7: and after grafting, managing water, fertilizer, light and insect pests.

2. The method for grafting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the scion is obtained by selecting semi-lignified branches of more than two years of tea trees, the branches are reddish brown, strong, free of diseases and insect pests and full in axillary buds, the tree stocks are selected from tea trees with good growth vigor, obvious bone dry branches and tree ages of 5-30 years, and 4-5 bone dry branches are left for each tea tree bundle to serve as grafting stock.

3. The method for grafting tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scion is cut into three sides in step S2, one side is horse ear shaped, and the left and right sides are cut once to expose the cambium, so as to increase the contact area between the scion and the cambium of the stock and improve the grafting survival rate.

4. The method for grafting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein water is sufficiently poured in the week before the rootstock treatment in the step S3, and 0.5g/L of carbendazim is used for sterilizing and disinfecting the rootstock.

5. The method for grafting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein 2g/L of naphthylacetic acid growth regulator is dipped in the scion in the step S5.

6. The method for grafting tea trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step S6, the special grafting bandage is white in spring and summer, and is black in autumn.

7. The method for grafting tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grafting part is bagged after the grafting clip is clamped in step S6, and the protection is carried out by covering the grafting part with a transparent plastic bag of 15cm x 23cm, wherein the bagging is carried out while ensuring that the grafted seedling is at a distance of 14-16 cm from the top of the plastic bag, so as to avoid the grafted seedling growing to contact with the bag and burn the bud head, and the bagging is removed when the scion grows 1 bud and 2-3 young shoots.

8. The method for grafting tea trees as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water management after grafting in the step S7 is: cooling by using a sprinkling irrigation system during grafting in summer;

the nutrient management comprises the following steps: after the new tip grows out, spraying 0.5% urea on the leaf surface, and spraying once every 10 days;

the illumination management is as follows: building a small arched shed after grafting, covering a black sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% -75%, and uncovering the sunshade net after 4 months;

the pest control is as follows: 2500 times of liquid of 2.5 percent deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid of imidacloprid wettable powder with the active ingredient content of 10 percent or 2000 times of liquid of 5 percent avermectin suspending agent are selected to prevent and control the piercing-sucking and leaf-eating pests which are harmful young shoots.

9. Use of a method of grafting a tea tree as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in the Shuchazao grafting of Huangkui.

Images