CN107567848B - Walnut summer bud grafting method - Google Patents
Walnut summer bud grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107567848B CN107567848B CN201710978868.2A CN201710978868A CN107567848B CN 107567848 B CN107567848 B CN 107567848B CN 201710978868 A CN201710978868 A CN 201710978868A CN 107567848 B CN107567848 B CN 107567848B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a walnut bud grafting method in summer, which comprises the following specific operations: taking the square bud slices from the branches, and soaking the square bud slices in a culture solution containing walnut bark juice for a certain time, wherein buds on the bud slices have petioles with a certain length; then, placing the bud slices into the I-shaped cut on the stock, and reserving 3-4 leaves above the cut of the stock; then binding the bud slices by adopting a two-step binding mode, wherein the winding directions of the primary binding and the secondary binding of the plastic bags are opposite during binding; and timely maintaining and managing in the bud grafting growth process, watering and fertilizing in time after the bud sheets survive, and performing pest control. By adopting the bud grafting method, the problems that the bud grafting part is easy to rot and the bud sheets are seriously dehydrated in summer can be effectively solved, and the survival rate is improved to more than 94% from the original 60-70%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of grafting, and particularly relates to a walnut summer bud grafting method.
Background
According to the requirements of technical specifications for afforestation (GB/T15776-2016), improved-variety seedlings are required for walnut afforestation, grafting breeding is generally adopted for the improved-variety seedlings of the walnuts, the breeding method comprises methods such as hard branch grafting and bud grafting, and the square bud grafting in summer is a main breeding method. In summer, the southern part is in a high-temperature rainy day, the optimal time for bud grafting in summer is the same, the nursery stock grows vigorously, the stocks and the scions are easy to benefit the skin, and the wound after grafting is fast healed. The traditional summer square budding binding method adopts one-time binding and exposes buds and leaf stalks, if rainfall occurs after grafting, the binding is not tight, rainwater enters a grafting port along with gaps, and due to high-temperature weather at the south square, the grafting part is easy to be infected by germs, so that wounds are mildewed and rotten; if the grafting is subjected to high temperature after grafting, binding is not tight, a grafting opening is exposed, and scion bud slices are dehydrated due to high-temperature evaporation, so that the grafting survival rate is seriously influenced, and generally ranges from 60% to 70%.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that the bud grafting part is easy to rot, the bud slices are seriously dehydrated and the survival rate is not high during the bud grafting of the walnut in summer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the method for walnut bud grafting in summer comprises the following steps:
(1) taking buds: selecting annual branches with fully developed buds, cutting off leaves, and leaving leafstalks 0.2-0.25 cm higher than the buds; cutting the periphery of the bud once, enabling the cut to penetrate into xylem, pinching the bud slices, and soaking in a culture solution containing walnut bark juice for 25-30 min; the scooped bud slices are squares with the length and width of 2-4 cm;
(2) treating the rootstock: longitudinally cutting the budding part of the rootstock for one time, wherein the length of a longitudinal cut is equivalent to that of the bud slice, transversely cutting two ends of the longitudinal cut for one time respectively, and forming an I-shaped cut at the budding part, wherein the width of the transverse cut is larger than that of the bud slice; 3-4 leaves are reserved above the budding position of the stock, and the upper parts of the leaves are cut off;
(3) bud grafting: longitudinally cutting the right side or the left side of the longitudinal cut of the stock once, removing barks on the right side or the left side of the longitudinal cut, taking out the bud slices from the nutrient solution, putting the bud slices into the cut, and covering the bud slices with the remaining barks;
(4) binding: after the bud slices are placed, binding the bud slices from top to bottom by using narrow plastic belts for one time, binding the bud slices to the rootstocks, and exposing buds and leafstalks in the process; secondary binding is carried out by using a wide plastic belt, and covering binding is carried out together with the buds and the petioles from bottom to top during secondary binding;
(5) managing after budding: after 6-8 days of bud grafting, removing solid buds on the rootstock; after 20-25 days of budding, the plastic belt is disassembled; when the scion bud grows to 5cm, cutting off the stock above the scion part, wherein the distance between a fracture and the scion part is 3-4 cm; watering and topdressing once every 5-10 days when the young shoots of the scion buds grow to 10cm, and intertilling and weeding; after July, spraying compound fertilizer once every half month; and spraying the pyrethroid insecticide every 10-15 days in the growth period of the young sprout of the scion bud for 2-3 months.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the culture solution comprises 35-50 parts by weight of walnut bark juice.
Further, the preparation method of the walnut bark juice comprises the following steps: putting fresh walnut barks into a mortar for grinding, then adding an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 60% into the mortar according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 1-2, and filtering after 2-3 h; and (5) steaming and boiling the obtained filtrate for 15-20 minutes under a low fire to obtain the peach bark juice.
Further, the culture solution also comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of coconut juice and 1-3 parts of citric acid.
Further, the culture solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of walnut bark juice, 8 parts of coconut juice and 2 parts of citric acid.
Further, the bud slices are soaked in the culture solution for 25 min.
Furthermore, the narrow plastic has a bandwidth of 3.5-4 cm and a length of 20-30 cm; the width of the wide plastic belt is 9-10 cm, and the length of the wide plastic belt is 20-30 cm.
Further, watering and topdressing once every 7 days when the young shoots of the scion buds grow to 10cm in the step (5), and intertillage weeding; after July, spraying compound fertilizer once every half month; and spraying the pyrethroid insecticide every 15 days in the growth period of the young sprout of the scion bud for 3 months.
Further, top dressing is carried out by adopting a root application mode, and the fertilizer types and the materials are as follows: urea 50 jin/mu; the compound fertilizer is 300-500 times of monopotassium phosphate.
Further, the budding time is from May to June.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: leaves with the height of 0.2-0.25 cm higher than the buds are left when the buds are picked, and after the bud grafting parts are covered by plastic belts, the leaves build a space for the buds, so that the plastic films are prevented from directly contacting with the tender buds, and the bud burning phenomenon is avoided; in addition, the space forms a small greenhouse, which is favorable for maintaining the humidity of the grafting opening and preventing the tender shoots from losing water, and the air humidity in the grafting opening can reach more than 89.7 percent through verification and is improved by more than 15 percent compared with the external air humidity, thereby being favorable for healing the grafting opening.
And taking off the bud slices, and then soaking the bud slices in the culture solution for 25-30 min, so that the inactivation of the bud slices can be avoided, sufficient nutrition and growth hormone can be provided for the bud slices, the growth of the grafted buds is promoted, and the bud grafting survival rate is remarkably improved. The main component of the culture solution is walnut bark juice, and the walnut bark juice can be prepared by using local materials, so that the method is low in cost, simple and convenient, and has no pollution to the environment. The walnut bark juice contains:
adenine: the adenine substance can accelerate the elongation of plant cells, promote the differentiation of non-differentiated substances, increase the cell size and weight, regulate and accumulate substances, promote the respiration of cells and improve the injury resistance;
13-docosenoic acid, 15-tetracosenoic acid and other acids: the C-olefine acid has stronger physiological activity, can promote cell division and accelerate cell growth;
alcohols such as nonadecanol: the alcohol can improve the permeability of cell membrane, increase the activity of polyoxase and peroxidase, and promote cell division.
The walnut bark juice also contains a plurality of components beneficial to the growth of buds, and the walnut bark juice provides a similar growth environment for the bud pieces as the walnut trees, so that the bud grafting is easier to succeed. Coconut juice is added into the culture solution, and the coconut juice contains a large amount of water and sugar, and rich vitamin nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron and other mineral substances, so that sufficient nutrient substances can be provided for the growth of the bud grafting, and the bud grafting survival rate is improved. Citric acid is added into the culture solution, and has chelation effect, and can remove harmful metal on the surface of the callus and prevent oxidation caused by enzyme catalysis and metal catalysis.
Leave 3 ~ 4 leaves above the bud grafting position when the stock is handled, the leaf carries out photosynthesis on the one hand, provides nutrient substance for the growth of grafting bud, and on the other hand can shelter from sunshine, avoids sunning the bud. Half of the bark is removed first during bud grafting, and bud slices are more conveniently placed. The binding adopts a two-step binding method, the bud slices are fixed by narrow plastic tapes in one-step binding, the buds and the leafstalks are exposed, and the bud slices are fully contacted with the xylem of the stock, so that the survival of the bud slices is facilitated; the secondary binding is carried out in a covering manner by using a wide plastic belt, the bud grafting part is completely isolated, rainwater cannot easily enter the bud joint, and the bud joint cannot mildew or rot; in addition, in high-temperature weather, the bud slices can not lose water, and the bud grafting survival rate is improved.
The seedling on the stock is removed after 6 to 8 days of bud grafting, so that the seedling can be prevented from robbing nutrients in the growth process, and the growth of the grafted bud can not be influenced. When the scion bud grows to 5cm, the stock is cut, and the influence of the stock growth on the growth of the scion bud can also be avoided. After fertilization, intertillage and weeding are carried out in time, and the water evaporation and weed harm can be prevented. After July, spraying compound fertilizer once every half month can promote branch filling, prevent spindly growth of seedlings and improve overwintering capability.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a walnut summer bud grafting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) taking buds: the quality of the bud is directly related to whether the bud grafting can be successful or not. According to the invention, annual branches with fully developed buds are selected from walnut trees with good growth vigor, and the branches are cut off from the position 80-100 cm away from the tips of the branches. The leaves on the branches are cut off, a part of petioles are left in the leaf cutting process, the left petioles can provide an acting point when the bud slices are scooped down, a space can be provided for buds in the subsequent binding process, and the bud burning phenomenon is avoided. The petiole is preferably 0.2-0.25 cm higher than the bud, and the cross section of the petiole can be in any shape, but in order to be tighter during binding, the shape of the cross section of the petiole is preferably a wedge shape along the growth direction of the branch. When the buds are picked, cutting the periphery of the buds once by using a bud grafting knife, enabling the knife marks to penetrate into the xylem to form a square with the length and the width of 2-4 cm, pinching the leaf stalks by hands to slowly pick up bud pieces, and putting the picked bud pieces into a culture solution to soak for a certain time.
The culture solution is prepared by mixing walnut bark juice and water, wherein the weight of the walnut bark juice is 35-50 parts in terms of weight. The walnut bark juice is prepared by the following method: putting fresh walnut barks into a mortar for grinding, then adding an extracting agent into the mortar according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 1-2, standing for 2-3 h, and filtering; the extractant here is an ethanol solution with a volume fraction of 60%. After filtration, the filtrate contains more extractant, which directly damages the bud sheets. Because the boiling point of the extractant is often lower, the extractant in the filtrate can be removed by adopting a low-temperature heating mode; and (3) steaming the obtained filtrate for 15-20 min under a low fire to obtain walnut bark juice, and controlling the liquid temperature to be below 80 ℃ in the heating process. The walnut bark juice contains various components beneficial to the growth of buds, such as adenine, 13-docosenoic acid, 15-tetracosenoic acid, nonadecanol and the like. Although the walnut bark juice can meet the survival and growth requirements of the bud pieces, mineral elements required for plant growth can be added into the culture solution in order to further improve the bud grafting survival rate. As known, the coconut juice contains abundant mineral substances such as vitamin nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron and the like, and the addition of the coconut juice in the culture solution is equivalent to the addition of various mineral substances, so that the coconut juice is convenient, easy to obtain and low in cost. In addition, the bud grafting incision is cut by a metal cutter, a part of metal is left at the incision, and the healing of the incision is influenced, so a substance with chelation effect is preferably added in the culture solution to eliminate the influence of the metal. Citric acid is preferably used as the chelating agent in the present invention.
(2) Treating the rootstock: selecting excellent walnut seedlings as rootstocks. Selecting a smooth part 30-50 cm away from the ground as a budding part, reserving 3-4 leaves above the budding part, and cutting off the leaves from the upper part of the leaves. Cutting a bud grafting cut at a bud grafting part by using a bud grafting knife, wherein the length of the longitudinal cut is equal to that of the bud slice, and then the two ends of the longitudinal cut are transversely cut by one cut respectively, and the width of the transverse cut is larger than that of the bud slice; or firstly transversely cutting two cutters, wherein the width of the transverse cut is larger than that of the bud slice, the distance between the transverse cuts is equal to the length of the bud slice, and then longitudinally cutting the middle part of the transverse cut by one cutter to obtain the final bud grafting interface.
(3) Bud grafting: in bud grafting, the bark is pried open along the longitudinal cut, then the bud pieces are placed in the cut, and the bud pieces are covered with bark. When the buds are covered with the left and right barks, the barks may be cracked due to insufficient space, so that it is preferable to remove one side of the barks when the buds are placed. The specific operation is as follows: and longitudinally cutting the right side or the left side of the longitudinal cut of the stock once, removing the bark on the right side or the left side of the longitudinal cut, putting the bud slices into the cut, and covering the bud slices with the remaining bark.
(4) Binding: the invention adopts a two-step binding method for binding. After the bud slices are placed, binding the bud slices once by using narrow plastic belts to enable the bud slices to be tightly attached to the xylem of the stock, and exposing buds and leafstalks in the process; the narrow plastic band is convenient to operate in the binding process, and cannot affect buds and petioles. Carrying out secondary binding by using a wide plastic belt, carrying out covering binding together with the bud and the petiole during secondary binding, namely binding the bud and the petiole on the stock by using the wide plastic belt; the wide plastic belt can ensure the tightness of binding, rainwater is not easy to enter the bud joint in summer, and the joint cannot mildew or rot; in addition, in high-temperature weather, the bud slices can not lose water, and the bud grafting survival rate is improved. The winding directions of the plastic belts are opposite during the two times of binding, namely if the one-time binding is carried out from bottom to top, the second-time binding is carried out from top to bottom; if the primary binding is carried out from top to bottom, the secondary binding is carried out from bottom to top, so that the binding firmness can be ensured to the maximum extent. In the invention, the narrow plastic has a bandwidth of 3.5-4 cm and a length of 20-30 cm; the width of the plastic belt is 9-10 cm, and the length of the plastic belt is 20-30 cm.
(5) Managing after budding: after 6-8 days of bud grafting, the solid buds on the rootstock are removed so as to avoid influencing the growth of the grafted buds. After 20-25 days of budding, the plastic tape is disassembled, and the method for disassembling the plastic tape comprises the following steps: the back of the bud grafting opening is lightly scratched for one time, so that the bark is not damaged in the process, and then the plastic tape is peeled. And when the scion bud grows to 5cm, cutting off the stock above the scion part, wherein the distance between a fracture and the scion part is 3-4 cm. Watering and topdressing once every 5-10 days when the young shoots of the scion buds grow to 10cm, and intertilling and weeding; the top dressing is carried out by adopting a root application mode, and the types and the materials of the fertilizer are as follows: urea 50 jin/mu. After July, spraying a compound fertilizer once every half month, wherein the compound fertilizer used in the invention is 300-500 times of monopotassium phosphate; and spraying the pyrethroid insecticide every 10-15 days in the growth period of the young sprout of the scion bud for 2-3 months.
Examples and comparative examples
Bud grafting is carried out between the bottom of May and late June. The budding conditions and survival are shown in the table below.
Compared with the first comparative example, the first example shows that the survival rate of the bud slices is remarkably improved after the bud slices are soaked in the culture solution, which shows that the culture solution has stronger promotion effects on bud junction healing and cell growth; compared with the second comparative example and the third comparative example, the first example shows that the binding mode is different, the survival rate has a certain difference, but the difference is small, which indicates that the bud grafting method of the invention can really avoid the influence of rainwater and high-temperature weather on bud interfaces and bud slices, and effectively ensure the survival rate; comparing the first example with the second example, it can be found that the survival rate is slightly improved after adding the coconut juice and the citric acid into the culture solution, which indicates that the coconut juice has certain effect on promoting the growth of the inoculated bud and the citric acid has certain effect on eliminating the influence of metal on the bud interface.
Claims (7)
1. A walnut summer bud grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) taking buds: selecting annual branches with fully developed buds, cutting off leaves, and leaving leafstalks 0.2-0.25 cm higher than the buds; cutting the periphery of the bud once, enabling the cut to penetrate into xylem, pinching the bud slices, and soaking in a culture solution containing walnut bark juice for 25-30 min; the scooped bud slices are squares with the length and width of 2-4 cm; the culture solution comprises the following components in parts by mass:
35-50 parts of walnut bark juice, 5-10 parts of coconut juice and 1-3 parts of citric acid;
the preparation method of the walnut bark juice comprises the following steps: putting fresh walnut barks into a mortar for grinding, then adding an ethanol solution with the volume fraction of 60% into the mortar according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1: 1-2, standing for 2-3 h, and filtering; cooking the obtained filtrate for 15-20 min under low fire to obtain walnut bark juice;
(2) treating the rootstock: longitudinally cutting the budding part of the rootstock for one time, wherein the length of a longitudinal cut is equivalent to that of the bud slice, transversely cutting two ends of the longitudinal cut for one time respectively, and forming an I-shaped cut at the budding part, wherein the width of the transverse cut is larger than that of the bud slice; 3-4 leaves are reserved above the budding position of the stock, and the upper parts of the leaves are cut off;
(3) bud grafting: longitudinally cutting the right side or the left side of the longitudinal cut of the stock once, removing barks on the right side or the left side of the longitudinal cut, taking out the bud slices from the nutrient solution, putting the bud slices into the cut, and covering the bud slices with the remaining barks;
(4) binding: after the bud slices are placed, binding the bud slices from top to bottom by using narrow plastic belts for one time, binding the bud slices to the rootstocks, and exposing buds and leafstalks in the process; secondary binding is carried out by using a wide plastic belt, and covering binding is carried out together with the buds and the petioles from bottom to top during secondary binding;
(5) managing after budding: after 6-8 days of bud grafting, removing solid buds on the rootstock; after 20-25 days of budding, the plastic belt is disassembled; when the scion bud grows to 5cm, cutting off the stock above the scion part, wherein the distance between a fracture and the scion part is 3-4 cm; watering and topdressing once every 5-10 days when the young shoots of the scion buds grow to 10cm, and intertilling and weeding; after July, spraying compound fertilizer once every half month; and spraying the pyrethroid insecticide every 10-15 days in the growth period of the young sprout of the scion bud for 2-3 months.
2. The walnut summer budding method according to claim 1, wherein: the culture solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of walnut bark juice, 8 parts of coconut juice and 2 parts of citric acid.
3. The walnut summer budding method according to claim 1, wherein: soaking the bud slices in the culture solution for 25 min.
4. The walnut summer budding method according to claim 1, wherein: the narrow plastic has a bandwidth of 3.5-4 cm and a length of 20-30 cm; the width of the wide plastic is 9-10 cm, and the length of the wide plastic is 20-30 cm.
5. The walnut summer budding method according to claim 1, wherein: watering and topdressing once every 7 days when the young shoots of the scion buds grow to 10cm in the step (5), and intertillage weeding; after July, spraying compound fertilizer once every half month; and spraying the pyrethroid insecticide every 15 days in the growth period of the young sprout of the scion bud for 3 months.
6. The walnut summer budding method according to claim 1 or 5, wherein: the top dressing is carried out by adopting a root application mode, and the types and the materials of the fertilizer are as follows: urea 50 jin/mu; the compound fertilizer is 300-500 times of monopotassium phosphate.
7. The walnut summer budding method according to claim 1, wherein: the bud grafting time is from May bottom to June last ten days.
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| CN108781819A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-13 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | A kind of double door budding method being suitable for grafting |
| CN108770516A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-11-09 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | Technique is established in the engrafting method of plane tree of having no result a kind of and fringe garden |
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| CN101120641B (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2011-08-10 | 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所 | Seedling budding method for rubber tree minitype bud sticks |
| CN102626012B (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2013-11-13 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for increasing germination speed of arenga engleri seeds |
| CN102657098A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-12 | 上海闵行区苗圃 | In-vitro culture method for tender stem segments of cherry rootstock |
| CN103314769B (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-10-14 | 林贵兰 | A kind of spiral grafting method of same branch many strains camellia |
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| CN106212060A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-12-14 | 河北农业大学 | A kind of efficient Studies of Walnut Bud Grafting method |
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