CN108718752B

CN108718752B - Ginkgo grafting method

Info

Publication number: CN108718752B
Application number: CN201810860299.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王改萍; 路鑫
Original assignee: Nanjing Forestry University
Current assignee: Nanjing Forestry University
Priority date: 2018-08-01
Filing date: 2018-08-01
Publication date: 2021-03-02
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-01
Also published as: CN108718752A

Abstract

The invention relates to a gingko grafting method, which comprises the following steps: during grafting, firstly soaking the scion in a mixed solution of a sucrose solution and a boric acid solution, wherein the volume ratio of the sucrose solution to the boric acid solution is 1: 0.8-1.2, the concentration of sucrose in the sucrose solution is 0.3-0.7%, and the concentration of boric acid in the boric acid solution is 0.03-0.07%; soaking the soaked scion in mixed solution of IAA and NAA, wherein the total concentration of the IAA and the NAA is 1300-1700mg/Kg, and the mass ratio of the IAA to the NAA is (3-5) to 2; the method can promote the operation of scion carbohydrate, improve the organic matter supply of scions, realize the regulation of plant growth, improve the survival rate of the scions, promote the rapid growth of the scions, reduce the early-stage nursing work and reduce the labor cost.

Description

Ginkgo grafting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of ginkgo seedling breeding, in particular to a ginkgo grafting method.

Background

Ginkgo (its scientific name: Ginkgo biloba L.) is a tree of Ginkgo of Ginkgoaceae. The ginkgo is a big deciduous tree, the diameter at breast height can reach 4 m, the bark of a young tree is nearly smooth and light gray, and the bark of a big tree is grey brown, irregular longitudinal crack and rough; long branches and short branches with slow growth. The crown of young and strong tree is conical, old tree is wide egg; branches are rotating and extending obliquely upwards. The leaves are alternate, radially scattered on long branches, have slender leaf stalks and fan-shaped, and the two sides are light green and have no hair. Scattered on long branches and clustered on short branches.

The fruit of the ginkgo tree is commonly called ginkgo, and therefore ginkgo is also known as ginkgo tree. The ginkgo tree grows slowly and has a very long service life, and the ginkgo tree can bear a great amount of fruits more than twenty years after being planted and bearing ginkgo fruits in natural conditions.

The ginkgo is a special multipurpose ecological economic tree species in China, leaves, flowers, fruits and materials of the ginkgo can be utilized, and the ginkgo is used as a medicinal plant for over six hundred years and is rich in active ingredients such as flavone and lactone. The ginkgo leaves, the ginkgo seeds, the ginkgo episperms and the ginkgo roots have certain medicinal functions. Ketones and terpene lactones in folium Ginkgo are effective components with Schweiqi pharmacological activity, and are important basis for standardization of folium Ginkgo and plant medicament quality, and the content of flavone monomer in folium Ginkgo at present is quercetin 0.7-1.2mg/g, kaempferol 0.35-0.5mg/g, and isorhamnetin 0.3-0.5 mg/g; the terpene lactone monomers respectively comprise bilobalide BB 0.35-0.5mg/g, bilobalide GA 0.6-0.8mg/g, bilobalide GB about 0.3mg/g, and bilobalide GC 0.2-0.3 mg/g.

Grafting is one of artificial propagation methods of plants; grafting a branch or a bud of one plant to a stem or a root of another plant, and growing the two parts which are connected together into a complete plant; the grafting mode is divided into a branch grafting mode and a bud grafting mode; the grafting is carried out by utilizing the function of wound healing of the plant after being wounded.

However, in the ginkgo grafting process, the survival rate and the growth of the ginkgo are limited by a plurality of factors, the existing grafting mode has low survival rate and slow scion growth, manual management and protection are needed in the early stage, and the labor cost is high.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a ginkgo grafting method which can promote the operation of scion carbohydrate, improve the organic matter supply of scions, realize the regulation of plant growth, improve the survival rate of the scions, promote the rapid growth of the scions, reduce the early-stage nursing work and reduce the labor cost, and in addition, the grafting method can improve the content of ketones and terpene lactones in ginkgo leaves.

In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

the invention provides a gingko grafting method, which comprises the following steps: during grafting, firstly soaking the scion in a mixed solution of a sucrose solution and a boric acid solution, wherein the volume ratio of the sucrose solution to the boric acid solution is 1: 0.8-1.2, the concentration of sucrose in the sucrose solution is 0.3-0.7%, and the concentration of boric acid in the boric acid solution is 0.03-0.07%;

and then soaking the soaked scion in mixed solution of IAA and NAA, wherein the total concentration of the IAA and the NAA is 1300-1700mg/Kg, and the mass ratio of the IAA to the NAA is (3-5) to 2.

Further, the concentration of the sucrose is 0.5%, and the concentration of the boric acid is 0.05%; and soaking the scion in a mixed solution of a sucrose solution and a boric acid solution for 50-70 min.

Further, the total concentration of the IAA and the NAA is 1500 mg/Kg; and soaking the scions in a mixed solution of IAA and NAA for 50-70 min.

The method can promote the running of the scion carbohydrate, improve the organic matter supply of the scion and realize the regulation of the plant growth by soaking the scion in the solution of sucrose and boric acid with specific concentration and then soaking the scion in the solution of IAA and NAA with specific concentration; further improving the grafting survival rate of the scions, enabling the scion to grow rapidly, reducing early-stage nursing work and labor cost, and improving the content of ketones and terpene lactones in the ginkgo leaves by the grafting method.

The selection of the scion is not strictly limited in the present invention, and preferably, the scion is a lignified shoot of an annual seedling ginkgo tree; more preferably, the thickness of the scion is 10-12 mm; the length is 5-7cm, and no plant diseases and insect pests exist; by selecting annual seedling lignified branches and limiting the thickness and length of the scions, the tissue development of the scions can be ensured to be full, and the survival of the scions is facilitated.

Furthermore, the number of eyes on the scion is 2-4, and the eyes are full.

In one embodiment, the grafting method further comprises: storing the scions, wherein the storage is to perform wax sealing treatment on the scions, then bury the wax-sealed scions in a sand bed, and the sand bed is placed in a cold store;

further, the temperature of the sand bed is 6-10 ℃; the water content is 0.8-1.2ml/cm³(ii) a Furthermore, the water content of the stored scion is 35-45%.

By the specific storage method, the water content of the scions can be guaranteed, and the reduction of the survival rate caused by the loss of water in the storage process of the scions is avoided.

In another embodiment, the grafting comprises: grafting the scion to a stock by adopting a cleft grafting method; preferably, the rootstock is a 3-5 year old seedling of ginkgo biloba.

Through the specific grafting method and the selection of the specific rootstock, the affinity of the scion and the rootstock is improved, the rootstock is ensured to provide sufficient organic substances for the scion, the survival rate of the scion is improved, and the growth of the scion is promoted.

In the invention, the grafting time is not strictly limited, and preferably, the grafting time is the sprouting period of ginkgo sprouts; the scion and the rootstock are more favorably healed through the selection of specific time.

In the invention, the cleft grafting method is not strictly limited, and preferably, the cleft grafting method specifically comprises the steps of selecting a position where the outer skin of the stock is smooth and no branch is grown, sawing off the top, cutting a cut at the cut surface, cutting the scion out of a grafting inclined plane, inserting the scion into the cut, aligning the cambium of the stock and the cambium of the scion, and binding the grafting position by adopting a plastic film.

In another embodiment, the grafting method further comprises: managing after grafting, specifically removing branches and leaves growing on the stocks, removing plastic film binding bands 25-40 days after grafting, and performing pest control treatment on the grafted parts;

preferably, after grafting, the soil is fertilized and irrigated.

Through getting rid of the branch and leaf of living, can avoid the nutritional robbery of branch and leaf butt joint scion, do benefit to the growth of scion, this just prevents and treats the pest control and handles, can avoid the pest to the harm at grafting position, do benefit to the healing at grafting position.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least:

(1) the grafting method can improve the survival rate of the scions, promote the scions to grow quickly, reduce early-stage nursing work and reduce labor cost.

(2) The invention can promote the operation of the scion carbohydrate, improve the organic matter supply of the scion, realize the regulation of plant growth and be beneficial to improving the survival and growth of the scion by soaking the scion.

(3) According to the invention, through management after grafting, the nutrition of the scion can be prevented from being robbed by branches and leaves, the growth of the scion is facilitated, insect pest control treatment is carried out, the damage of insect pests to the grafting part can be avoided, and the healing of the grafting part is facilitated.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional products available on the market.

Example 1

The embodiment is a gingko grafting method, which comprises the following steps:

selection of scions: selecting an annual seedling gingko tree lignified branch without diseases and insect pests;

wherein, the thickness of the scion is 10-12 mm; the length is 5 cm; the number of the bud eyes on the scion is 2, and the bud eyes are full;

and (3) storage of the scions: carrying out wax sealing treatment on the scions, burying the wax-sealed scions in a sand bed, and placing the sand bed in a cold store; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the temperature of the sand bed is 6 ℃; the water content of the sand bed is 0.8ml/cm³；

Selecting the rootstock: the stock is selected from a seedling ginkgo tree seedling grown in 3 years in the state of Metaplexis (China);

grafting: in the sprouting stage of ginkgo sprouts; firstly, soaking a scion in a mixed solution of a sucrose solution and a boric acid solution for 70min, wherein the volume ratio of the sucrose solution to the boric acid solution is 1: 0.8, the concentration of sucrose in the sucrose solution is 0.3%, and the concentration of boric acid in the boric acid solution is 0.07%;

soaking the soaked scion in mixed liquor of IAA and NAA for 70min, wherein the total concentration of the IAA and the NAA is 1300mg/Kg, and the mass ratio of the IAA to the NAA is 3: 2;

grafting the soaked scion to the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method;

specifically, the top of the smooth rootstock outer skin without the branch is sawn off, a cut is cut at the tangent plane, the scion is cut out of a grafting inclined plane, then the scion is inserted into the cut, the cambium of the rootstock and the cambium of the scion are aligned, and the grafting part is tightly bound by adopting a plastic film.

And (3) management after grafting: removing the branches and leaves of the rootstock, removing the plastic film bandage 25 days after grafting, performing pest control treatment on the grafted part, and fertilizing and irrigating the soil.

Example 2

wherein, the thickness of the scion is 10-12 mm; the length is 7 cm; the number of the bud eyes on the scion is 4, and the bud eyes are full;

the temperature of the sand bed is 10 ℃; the water content of the sand bed is 1.2ml/cm³；

Selecting the rootstock: the stock is selected from 5-year-old seedling ginkgo tree seedlings in the state of Metaplexis (China);

grafting: in the sprouting stage of ginkgo sprouts; firstly, soaking a scion in a mixed solution of a sucrose solution and a boric acid solution for 50min, wherein the volume ratio of the sucrose solution to the boric acid solution is 1: 1.2, the concentration of sucrose in the sucrose solution is 0.7%, and the concentration of boric acid in the boric acid solution is 0.03%;

soaking the soaked scion in mixed liquor of IAA and NAA for 50min, wherein the total concentration of the IAA and the NAA is 1700mg/Kg, and the mass ratio of the IAA to the NAA is 5: 2;

grafting the soaked scion to the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method;

And (3) management after grafting: removing the branches and leaves of the rootstock, removing the plastic film bandage after grafting for 40 days, performing pest control treatment on the grafted part, and fertilizing and irrigating the soil.

Example 3

wherein, the thickness of the scion is 10-12 mm; the length is 6 cm; the number of the bud eyes on the scion is 3, and the bud eyes are full;

the temperature of the sand bed is 8 ℃; the water content of the sand bed is 1ml/cm³；

Selecting the rootstock: the stock is selected from a 4-year-old seedling ginkgo tree seedling in the state of Metaplexis (China);

grafting: in the sprouting stage of ginkgo sprouts; firstly, soaking a scion in a mixed solution of a sucrose solution and a boric acid solution for 60min, wherein the volume ratio of the sucrose solution to the boric acid solution is 1: 1, the concentration of sucrose in the sucrose solution is 0.5%, and the concentration of boric acid in the boric acid solution is 0.05%;

soaking the soaked scion in mixed liquor of IAA and NAA for 60min, wherein the total concentration of the IAA and the NAA is 1500mg/Kg, and the mass ratio of the IAA to the NAA is 2: 1;

grafting the soaked scion to the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method;

And (3) management after grafting: removing the branches and leaves of the rootstock, removing the plastic film bandage 30 days after grafting, performing pest control treatment on the grafted part, and fertilizing and irrigating the soil.

Example 4

This example is a ginkgo grafting method, which is basically the same as the grafting method of example 3, except that the thickness of the scion is 6-8 mm.

Comparative example 1

The comparative example is a ginkgo grafting method, which is basically the same as the grafting method of example 3, except that the sucrose concentration is 1%.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example is a ginkgo grafting method, which is basically the same as the grafting method of example 3, except that the total concentration of IAA and NAA is 2000 mg/Kg.

Comparative example 3

The comparative example is a ginkgo grafting method which is basically the same as the grafting method of example 3 except that the water content of the sand bed is 1.5ml/cm³。

Comparative example 4

The comparative example is a ginkgo grafting method, which is basically the same as the grafting method of example 3, except that a lignified branch of a three-year-old seedling ginkgo tree, which is free from plant diseases and insect pests, is selected as a scion.

Experimental example 1

Grafting experiments were carried out according to the grafting methods of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively, wherein the grafting time was the same for each grafting method, the number of grafting scions was 20, and the scions were derived from the same female parent.

Uniformly managing the grafted scions, and counting the survival number of the grafted scions of each grafting method 50 days after grafting, wherein the counting result is shown in a table 1; after grafting for 4 months, respectively counting the number of the complete leaves growing on the scions of each grafting method; measuring the length of the young shoots growing out of the scions grafted and survived by each grafting method 7 months after grafting, and counting to obtain the average value of the lengths of the young shoots, wherein the counting result is shown in table 1; in addition, the leaves on the grafted plants were collected, dried and weighed, the weighing results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

From Table 1, it can be seen that

Compared with the grafting method of the embodiment 1-3, the survival rate, the number of leaves and the length of the young sprout of the grafting method of the embodiment 2 are higher than those of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 3; compared with the example 4 and the comparison examples 1-4, the grafting survival rate, the leaf number and the young shoot length of the example 3 are all obviously higher than those of other groups, so that the sucrose concentration, the hormone concentration, the scion thickness and the sand bed humidity all have direct influence on the survival rate, the leaf number and the young shoot length of the scion.

Experimental example 2

Grafting ginkgo according to the grafting method of the embodiment 1-3, and detecting the contents of ketones and terpene lactones in ginkgo leaves on grafted branches by adopting an HPLC liquid chromatography in the second year after grafting, wherein the ketones are quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin; the terpene lactones are bilobalide BB, bilobalide GA, bilobalide GB and bilobalide GC, and the detection results are shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2

Group of	Ketones	Terpene lactones
			Example 1	8.4	3.2
Example 2	9.3	3.4
			Example 3	7.7	2.6

Note: effective and economic yield of single secondary metabolite (flavonoid lactone content) and single leaf yield

From Table 2, it can be seen that

According to the technical scheme, the content of effective components in the leaves can be improved, and the effective economic yield of the secondary metabolites of the single plant can be improved by improving the growth amount of the leaves of the single plant.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gingko grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: during grafting, firstly soaking the scion in a mixed solution of a sucrose solution and a boric acid solution, wherein the volume ratio of the sucrose solution to the boric acid solution is 1: 0.8-1.2, the concentration of sucrose in the sucrose solution is 0.3-0.7%, and the concentration of boric acid in the boric acid solution is 0.03-0.07%;

soaking the soaked scion in mixed solution of IAA and NAA, wherein the total concentration of the IAA and the NAA is 1300-1700mg/Kg, and the mass ratio of the IAA to the NAA is (3-5) to 2;

the scion is a lignified branch of an annual seedling ginkgo tree;

the thickness of the scion is 10-12 mm; the length is 5-7 cm;

the number of the bud eyes on the scion is 2-4, and the bud eyes are full;

the grafting method further comprises the following steps: storing the scions, wherein the storage is to perform wax sealing treatment on the scions, then bury the wax-sealed scions in a sand bed, and the sand bed is placed in a cold store;

the water content of the stored scion is 35-45%;

the temperature of the sand bed is 6-10 ℃; the water content is 0.8-1.2ml/cm³；

The grafting comprises the following steps: grafting the scion to a stock by adopting a cleft grafting method;

the stock is a 3-5 year old seedling ginkgo tree seedling;

the scion is grafted to the stock by adopting a cleft grafting method, specifically, the top of a trunk part which is smooth in outer skin and is not provided with a branch is sawn off, a cut is cut at the cut surface, the scion is cut to form a grafting inclined plane, then the scion is inserted into the cut, the cambium layers of the stock and the scion are aligned, and the grafting part is tightly bound by adopting a plastic film;

the grafting method further comprises the following steps: and (3) management after grafting, specifically, removing branches and leaves growing on the stocks, removing plastic film bandages 25-40 days after grafting, performing pest control treatment on the grafted parts, and fertilizing and irrigating the soil after grafting.

2. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the scion is soaked in the mixture of the sucrose solution and the boric acid solution for 50-70 min.

3. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the scion is soaked in the mixture of IAA and NAA for 50-70 min.

4. The grafting method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the grafting time is a tillering stage of ginkgo biloba shoots.