CN107371829B - Method for improving grafting survival rate of custard apple in open field - Google Patents

Method for improving grafting survival rate of custard apple in open field Download PDF

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CN107371829B
CN107371829B CN201710830610.8A CN201710830610A CN107371829B CN 107371829 B CN107371829 B CN 107371829B CN 201710830610 A CN201710830610 A CN 201710830610A CN 107371829 B CN107371829 B CN 107371829B
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grafting
survival rate
custard apple
selecting
scions
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CN107371829A (en
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方仁
安振宇
黄伟雄
尧金燕
龙兴
张继
唐文忠
邓彪
周双云
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Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Horticultural Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the open-field grafting survival rate of custard apple, and belongs to the field of plant cultivation. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a grafting season, (2) selecting scions, (3) managing field moisture, controlling the field soil moisture to be 20-30% from 4 days before grafting to 4 days after grafting, then properly spraying surface soil water, and normally spraying water after scion buds rupture; (4) graft opening protection, and (5) timely unbinding. The method has simple operation and low cost, solves the problem of low survival rate in the open grafting of the custard apple, can ensure the rapid growth of plants, reduces the seedling raising cost, provides a new technology and method for the seedling raising production of the custard apple, and has better application prospect.

Description

Method for improving grafting survival rate of custard apple in open field
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the survival rate of open field grafting of plants.
Background
Annonaceae (Annonaceae) is one of the most economically cultivated species of Annona (Annona), belonging to tropical and subtropical characteristic fruit trees. The fruit flesh is soft and smooth, the flavor is unique, fragrant and sweet, the fruit flesh is rich in vitamin C and a plurality of nutrient components, and the fruit flesh has health care and medicinal functions of beautifying, strengthening bones, enhancing immunity and the like, so the fruit flesh is deeply loved by wide consumers.
In recent years, with serious spread of banana wilt in Guangxi province and unstable factors of cane sugar price, the agricultural structure of the traditional planting area urgently needs transformation development, and because the market prospect of the current small fruit trees with heat zone characteristics such as custard apple and the like is obvious, part of fruit growers and enterprises tend to grow and develop, the southward area of the northern Return of Guangxi province has already presented the trend of large-scale planting, and the industrial development situation is happy. And the traditional grafting cup seedling of other tree species can damage to the root system inevitably in the transplanting process by reference, so that the growth vigor of the plant in the early stage is slow, and the grafting seedling with serious root system damage can even cause the phenomena of plant death and the like, thereby causing the loss of manpower, material resources and financial resources of a planter. In order to avoid damage to a root system of a grafted seedling in the transplanting process and avoid the slow recovery or death phenomenon link of the plant, the current cultivation production mainly adopts open field planting of the seedling, and scion grafting is carried out after the seedling grows to the grafting degree. Although the cultivation method can ensure that the plants grow rapidly, have deep roots and luxuriant leaves, and can quickly bear fruits after being grafted, and avoid the phenomenon of plant shortage in the field, the open field grafting has higher technical control and requirement, is more easily interfered by external factors, has larger influence on the grafting survival rate due to climate factors, manual management, external insect media hazard and the like, and has lower grafting rate all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the open-field grafting survival rate of ananas comosus. Aiming at the problem that the open grafting of the custard apple is easily influenced by climate, manual management and insect media, the grafting survival rate is improved by technical means of grafting season selection, scion selection, field water management, graft joint protection, timely unbinding and the like, so that the rapid growth of plants can be ensured, the seedling raising cost is reduced, the custard apple can be put into production in advance, and the rapid development of the custard apple industry can be accelerated.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the open grafting survival rate of ananas comosus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting grafting seasons: the open grafting work of the custard apple is suitable for being implemented at the early stage of bud germination. The scion and the tail end of the stock are frozen to death due to the possibility of encountering cold flow and low temperature weather too early; after late grafting, the plants are in a growth and metabolism vigorous stage, nutrients in the stocks or the scions are rapidly consumed by a large amount of growth of the branch tips, the nutrients of the scions are exhausted and die, and even the stocks are exhausted and die.
(2) Selecting scions: and selecting disease-free robust branches which are annual and still have dormant buds as scions, wherein the thickness of the disease-free robust branches is 0.8-1.2 cm. Because the buds of the custard apple are hidden in the base parts of the leaf stalks, the leaf stalks need to be manually removed during grafting in order to promote the quick germination of the scion buds; in order to ensure the survival rate, two buds of the scion are generally reserved. Selecting scions according to the thickness of the rootstock on the matching of the rootstock and the scions;
(3) field moisture management: during grafting, the influence of water content in soil on the grafting survival rate is large, the stock bleeding amount is increased due to sufficient water, and the grafted port is rotten due to long-term overstocking of bleeding liquid. Therefore, rainy seasons should be avoided during grafting, irrigation should be avoided as far as possible from 4d before grafting to 4d after grafting, the field soil moisture is controlled to be 20-30%, surface soil and water can be properly sprayed, the surface soil and water are kept in a wet state, and normal irrigation can be performed after bud arching of the scion.
(4) Protecting a grafting opening: after grafting, the grafting is bound and bound at the interface by a binding film, and simultaneously, a transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is sleeved in time and the opening of the bag is bound tightly. The transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is soaked in 600-800 times of 90% dipterex solution and then dried in the air, and the transmittance of the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is 10-15%. The connector bagging is used for preventing the dehydration of the scion caused by the fact that ants chew the grafting binding film and relieving direct sunlight from burning the young bud. And (3) removing the paper bags in time when the newly-branched tip blades on the scion are unfolded.
(5) Timely unbinding: 60-80 days after grafting of the custard apple, the interface is basically healed at the moment, and the binding membrane is cut off by using an edge tool in time, so that the phenomenon that the growth of the branch tips on the scion is influenced due to the fact that the binding membrane is too tight because the interface is formed by callus or the branch tips are rapidly enlarged after healing is avoided.
The transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is used for protecting the grafting opening, and the pesticide effect inside and outside the bag can be kept for a long time after the paper bag is soaked in pesticide and dried, so that the insect pest inhibiting effect is achieved; the transparent single layer of the paper bag plays a role in light transmission, and is favorable for the purpose of scion bud germination; the waterproof purpose of container bag is to avoid the drug effect on the rainwash container bag, can protect the inside property of a medicine of container bag at least, indirectly plays the insect control effect.
As the optimization of the technical scheme, the optimal time for grafting custard apple in the open field is 3-4 months.
Preferably, in the step (2), the scions are selected according to the thicknesses of the stocks, the difference between the thicknesses of the scions and the cuts of the stocks is not more than 0.2cm, and at least half of the phloem of the stocks are close-jointed during grafting.
Preferably, the grafting adopts a cut grafting method.
Preferably, the binding film has certain stretching elasticity, and the thickness is suitably 0.2-0.3 mm.
Preferably, the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is soaked in 800 times of 90% dipterex solution and then dried for later use. The insect prevention effect is good at the concentration, the using amount of the trichlorfon is small, and the use amount of the insecticide is reduced to the maximum extent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the grafting season selection is determined according to the condition that the anageis anabolic vigor is vigorous, the season with weak growth metabolism is selected for grafting, the phenomenon that injury current affects grafting healing can be avoided within 3-4 months, and the stock is guaranteed to have enough nutrients to provide the growth of the scion shoot.
(2) The water management before and after grafting is different from that of other tree species, the water requirement of other tree species before and after grafting is larger, the water content of soil is reduced before and after grafting of custard apple, the field soil water content is strictly controlled to be 20-30%, the grafting opening is not healed due to overhigh water content in the soil before and after grafting, a water film is formed at the grafting opening after the rootstock absorbs water and transpires, the healing of grafting is influenced, and the survival rate of grafting is influenced. Therefore, the water management is controlled by combining the strong water and fertilizer absorption capacity and the growth condition of the custard apple.
(3) According to the invention, the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag soaked with the pesticide is used for protecting the grafting opening in the grafting process, so that the damage of the entomophile to the binding membrane and the young bud can be effectively prevented, and the effects of promoting grafting healing and protecting the healthy growth of the scion bud are achieved.
(4) The method is simple and easy to operate, low in cost and high in grafting survival rate which reaches over 80 percent, provides a new method for grafting custard apple in open field, and has good application prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
1. Testing the influence of seasons on the survival rate of open field grafting: the grafting method is carried out by adopting a cutting grafting method, two buds are reserved for scions, and 100 plants with consistent stout degrees are selected for each treated stock seedling. After grafting for two months, counting and investigating indexes such as grafting survival rate, stock mortality and the like of each treatment. Test observation shows that the grafting survival rate in spring is 82% and the stock mortality rate is 0; the grafting survival rate in summer is 28 percent, and the stock mortality rate is 33.3 percent; the grafting survival rate in autumn is 57.3%, and the stock mortality rate is 14%; the grafting survival rate in winter is 21.3 percent, and the stock mortality rate is 0.
2. An influence test of water on the open field grafting survival rate is carried out in 3 months, the grafting method adopts a cutting grafting method, two bud bodies are reserved in a scion, water is sprayed for ① days each day, water is controlled for ② days before grafting and 2 days after grafting, water is sprayed for ③ days before grafting and 4 days after grafting, water is sprayed for ④ days before grafting and 6 days after grafting, water is sprayed for a total of four times, 50 plants with consistent thicknesses are selected for each treated stock seedling, after two months of grafting, the grafting survival rate of each treatment is counted, the grafting survival rate of ① is 28%, the grafting survival rate of ② is 36%, the grafting survival rate of ③ is 84%, and the grafting survival rate of ④ is 72% due to severe dehydration of a small amount of stocks.
3. The influence of bagging on the open field grafting survival rate is tested: and (3) carrying out two treatments of bagging and non-bagging after grafting, wherein a cutting grafting method is adopted in each treatment of 100 grafted seedlings, and two buds of the scion are reserved. After grafting for two months, counting the grafting survival rate of each treatment, and finding that the grafting survival rate is 48% because early stage ants chew the grafting binding film seriously without bagging treatment; the grafting survival rate of the bagging treatment is 85%.
Example 2
A method for improving the open grafting survival rate of ananas comosus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting grafting seasons: the grafting work of Annona squamosa is selected in 3 middle of the month.
(2) Selecting scions: selecting branches of disease-free and robust A.P custard apple which is annual and still has dormant buds as scions, wherein the thickness of the branches is 0.8-1.2 cm. Because the buds of the custard apple are all hidden in the base parts of the leaf stalks, in order to promote the rapid germination of the scion buds, the leaf stalks need to be manually removed during grafting, and two buds are reserved. Selecting a cold-resistant and disease-resistant 'clod-seed' pinaga variety from the stock, and selecting scions according to the thickness of the stock on the matching of the stock and the scions; the cutting and grafting method is adopted. The difference between the incision thicknesses of the scion and the stock is not more than 0.2cm, and at least half of the phloem of the stock is close-jointed together during grafting. 100 plants of the custard apple are grafted.
(3) Field moisture management: during grafting, rainy seasons should be avoided, and cloudy and sunny days are selected. And (5) avoiding drenching from 4 days before grafting to 4 days after grafting, and controlling the field soil moisture to be 20-30%. After the water control date, surface soil water can be properly sprayed, the surface soil is kept in a wet state, and water can be sprayed normally after the scion buds arch membranes.
(4) Protecting a grafting opening: after grafting, the grafting mouth is bound and bound by a binding film, and simultaneously, a transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is sleeved in time and the mouth of the bag is bound tightly. The transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is soaked in 800 times of 90% dipterex solution and then dried in the air, and the transmittance of the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is 10-15%. The binding film has certain stretching elasticity, and the thickness is suitable to be 0.2-0.3 mm.
(5) Timely unbinding: 60 days after grafting the custard apple, the interface is basically healed, and the binding film is cut off by a knife in time to ensure that the custard apple grows normally and healthily. Observation shows that the grafted seedlings survive 90 plants, and the grafting survival rate is 90 percent.
Example 3
A method for improving the open grafting survival rate of ananas comosus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting grafting seasons: the grafting work of Annona squamosa is selected in the middle of 4 months.
(2) Selecting scions: selecting branches of disease-free and robust A.P custard apple which is annual and still has dormant buds as scions, wherein the thickness of the branches is 0.8-1.2 cm. Because the buds of the custard apple are all hidden in the base parts of the leaf stalks, in order to promote the rapid germination of the scion buds, the leaf stalks need to be manually removed during grafting, and two buds are reserved. Selecting a common custard apple variety with good cold resistance and disease resistance from the stock, and selecting scions according to the thickness of the stock on the matching of the stock and the scions; the cutting and grafting method is adopted. The difference between the incision thicknesses of the scion and the stock is not more than 0.2cm, and at least half of the phloem of the stock is close-jointed together during grafting. 100 plants of the custard apple are grafted.
(3) Field moisture management: during grafting, rainy seasons should be avoided, and cloudy and sunny days are selected. And (5) avoiding sprinkling irrigation from 4 days before grafting to 4 days after grafting, and controlling the field soil moisture to be 25-30%. After the water control date, surface soil water can be properly sprayed, the surface soil is kept in a wet state, and water can be sprayed normally after the scion buds arch membranes.
(4) Protecting a grafting opening: after grafting, the grafting mouth is bound and bound by a binding film, and simultaneously, a transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is sleeved in time and the mouth of the bag is bound tightly. The transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is soaked in 90% 600 times of dipterex solution and then dried in the air, and the transmittance of the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is 10-15%. The binding film has certain stretching elasticity, and the thickness is suitable to be 0.2-0.3 mm.
(5) Timely unbinding: and (3) after grafting the custard apple for 80 days, basically healing the interface, and cutting off the binding film by using a knife in time to ensure that the custard apple grows normally and healthily. Observation shows that the grafted seedling survives 91 plants, and the grafting survival rate is 91%.
Example 4
A method for improving the open grafting survival rate of ananas comosus comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting grafting seasons: the outdoor grafting work of the custard apple is selected at the beginning of 4 months.
(2) Selecting scions: selecting branches of disease-free and robust A.P custard apple which is annual and still has dormant buds as scions, wherein the thickness of the branches is 0.8-1.2 cm. Because the buds of the custard apple are all hidden in the base parts of the leaf stalks, in order to promote the rapid germination of the scion buds, the leaf stalks need to be manually removed during grafting, and two buds are reserved. Selecting a cold-resistant and disease-resistant 'clod-seed' pinaga variety from the stock, and selecting scions according to the thickness of the stock on the matching of the stock and the scions; the cutting and grafting method is adopted. The difference between the incision thicknesses of the scion and the stock is not more than 0.2cm, and at least half of the phloem of the stock is close-jointed together during grafting. 100 plants of the custard apple are grafted.
(3) Field moisture management: during grafting, rainy seasons should be avoided, and cloudy and sunny days are selected. And (5) avoiding drenching from 4 days before grafting to 4 days after grafting, and controlling the field soil moisture to be 20-25%. After the water control date, surface soil water can be properly sprayed, the surface soil is kept in a wet state, and water can be sprayed normally after the scion buds arch membranes.
(4) Protecting a grafting opening: after grafting, the grafting mouth is bound and bound by a binding film, and simultaneously, a transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is sleeved in time and the mouth of the bag is bound tightly. The transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is soaked in 700 times of 90% dipterex solution and then dried in the air, and the transmittance of the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is 10-15%. The binding film has certain stretching elasticity, and the thickness is suitable to be 0.2-0.3 mm.
(5) Timely unbinding: 70 days after grafting the custard apple, the interface is basically healed, and a knife is timely used for cutting off the binding film to ensure that the custard apple grows normally and healthily. Observation shows that the grafted seedlings survive 87 plants, and the grafting survival rate is 87%.

Claims (5)

1. A method for improving the open-field grafting survival rate of ananas comosus is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting grafting seasons: the open grafting work of the custard apple is suitable for being implemented at the early stage of bud germination; the optimal time for grafting the custard apple in the open field is 3-4 months;
(2) selecting scions: selecting an annual healthy and healthy branch without pests in a bud dormancy stage as a scion, wherein the thickness is 0.8-1.2 cm, manually removing a leaf stalk before grafting to expose buds, and reserving two buds; selecting cold-resistant and disease-resistant rootstocks from the rootstocks, and selecting proper scions according to the thickness of the rootstocks when the rootstocks and the scions are matched;
selecting the scions in the step (2), namely selecting the scions according to the thickness of the stock, wherein the difference between the cut thicknesses of the scions and the stock is not more than 0.2cm, and at least half of the phloem of the stock is close-jointed together during grafting;
(3) field moisture management: in the grafting process, the field moisture is strictly controlled, the field soil moisture is controlled to be 20-30% from 4d before grafting to 4d after grafting, then surface soil water can be properly sprayed, and normal water spraying can be realized after the scion bud body breaks the film;
(4) protecting a grafting opening: after grafting, binding the grafting part at the interface by using a binding film, simultaneously sleeving a transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag in time, and binding the opening of the bag tightly; the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is soaked in 90% 600-800 times of dipterex solution and then dried in the air, and the transmittance of the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is 10-15%; when the new branch tip blade on the scion is unfolded, removing the paper bag in time;
(5) timely unbinding: after grafting the custard apple for 60-80 days, basically healing the joint, cutting off the binding film and ensuring the normal growth of the branch tip.
2. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of custard apple in open field according to claim 1, wherein the grafting survival rate of custard apple is as follows: the grafting adopts a cut grafting method.
3. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of custard apple in open field according to claim 1, wherein the grafting survival rate of custard apple is as follows: the binding film has certain stretching elasticity, and the thickness is suitable to be 0.2-0.3 mm.
4. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of custard apple in open field according to claim 1, wherein the grafting survival rate of custard apple is as follows: and (3) properly spraying surface soil water, wherein the surface soil is wetted.
5. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of custard apple in open field according to claim 1, wherein the grafting survival rate of custard apple is as follows: the transparent waterproof single-layer paper bag is soaked in 800 times of 90% dipterex solution and then dried for later use.
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CN109168695B (en) * 2018-08-31 2021-01-08 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 Cultivation method for advancing high-yield period of custard apple
CN112075225A (en) * 2020-09-21 2020-12-15 李春华 Method for improving grafting survival rate of custard apple by adopting membrane-breaking diversion grafting
CN112075301A (en) * 2020-09-21 2020-12-15 李春华 Method for increasing transplanting survival rate of custard apple garden building in dry and hot valley areas
CN115053805A (en) * 2022-07-29 2022-09-16 临高宝树农业开发有限公司 Method for breeding disease-resistant variety of custard apple

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