CN109168695B - Cultivation method for advancing high-yield period of custard apple - Google Patents
Cultivation method for advancing high-yield period of custard apple Download PDFInfo
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- 244000028821 Annona squamosa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 235000005274 Annona squamosa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
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- 235000005288 Annona lutescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 22
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000005228 aryl sulfonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- AJTPODXVRWXEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;4-(1h-indol-2-yl)butanoate Chemical compound [K+].C1=CC=C2NC(CCCC(=O)[O-])=CC2=C1 AJTPODXVRWXEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 14
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- 244000099147 Ananas comosus Species 0.000 abstract description 6
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/20—Fabaceae or Leguminosae [Pea or Legume family], e.g. pea, lentil, soybean, clover, acacia, honey locust, derris or millettia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/28—Myrtaceae [Myrtle family], e.g. teatree or clove
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of custard, and belongs to the field of custard cultivation. The invention discloses a cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of ananas comosus, which comprises the steps of (1) breeding big cup seedlings, (2) fumigating soil, (3) rooting, (4) culturing bone dry branches, (5) managing fertilizers and preventing and controlling pests, and (6) retracting and trimming. The method can prevent the root system from being damaged in the transplanting process of the custard apple, and reduce the infection of germs in the soil; the healthy growth of the root system is maintained, and the nutrients in the soil can be absorbed in time. The transplanting survival rate is improved, the rapid growth of the plants is promoted, the culture period of the permanent bone dry branches is shortened, and the high yield period is reached in advance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting of ananas comosus, in particular to a cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of ananas comosus.
Background
The custard apple, also called as custard apple or custard apple, is mainly produced in Taiwan eastern areas, and with the enhancement of communication and cooperation of agricultural technologies and technologies in Guitai two banks in recent years, custard apple is favored by people in all the world of Guangxi, and the south-middle area of Guangxi shows the trend of large-scale planting at present. The premise of the high yield period of tropical fruit trees is based on the shaping of permanent bone dry branches, for example, the bone dry branch of ananas is required to be cultured to a third-level branch. At present, the conventionally planted custard apple needs to be planted for 4-5 years to reach the high yield period, and for the current planting trend of weight-bearing benefit and efficiency in production, the situations of long high and stable fruit yield, low early fruiting rate and the like are not favorable for popularization and planting, and the economic benefit is not obvious. With the increasing proportion of ananas comosus in tropical fruit industry, it is necessary to provide a cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of ananas comosus.
In the prior art, cuttage or grafting is mostly adopted to carry out seedling breeding on the custard apple. At present, key problems that the root system of custard apple is fragile and the root is easy to infect germs and the like are not considered in production, in order to seek to save cost, a small cup seedling or a bare-rooted seedling mode is mostly adopted for seedling breeding, the root system is easy to be damaged in the seedling raising or transplanting process, and the root system is slow to recover or is easy to infect germs to die in the field planting process. For example, in the patent Annona squamosa cutting breeding method (application number: 201410335374.9), the Annona squamosa is bred by adopting cutting and matching with a container cup, the Annona squamosa bred by adopting the method has undeveloped root system, influences the survival rate of cutting, influences the year of high-yield period, and usually needs 4-5 years to reach the high-yield stable-yield period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for advancing the rich delivery period of custard apple, which can prevent the root system of custard apple from being damaged in the transplanting process of custard apple and reduce the infection of germs in soil; the healthy growth of the root system is maintained, and the nutrients in the soil can be absorbed in time. The transplanting survival rate is improved, the rapid growth of the plants is promoted, the culture period of the permanent bone dry branches is shortened, and the high yield period is reached in advance.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of custard apple comprises the following steps,
(1) and (3) breeding the large cup seedlings: sowing seeds of custard apple with good resistance in a big nutrition cup for seedling cultivation, cutting the seeds to 15-20cm after cultivation for one year to serve as stocks, then cutting the scions of the custard apple variety to be grafted onto the stocks by a cutting and grafting method for breeding, and taking out of the nursery after the scions are cultivated to 30-40 cm;
(2) soil steaming treatment: steaming the field planting holes 7-14 days before transplanting, covering the planting holes with a plastic film, and compacting the boundary;
(3) rooting treatment: after the soil is fumigated for 2 to 3 days, uncovering the film; before transplanting, uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil, and uniformly broadcasting the mixture into the planting holes;
the rooting agent is as follows: 0.5-1.0g of potassium indolebutyrate, 6.0-12.0g of sodium humate, 5.0-10.0g of aryl sulfonate, 3.0-8.0g of carbendazim, 2.0-5.0g of polyacrylamide and 0.01-0.1g of salicylic acid, and the rooting agent is uniformly mixed with fine soil according to the ratio of 1: 30-50. The sodium humate in the rooting agent can enhance the absorption of the plant to the medicament, can improve the biological activity of the medicament and the plant growth regulator, and can obviously improve the effect of the pesticide; the sodium humate has a slow release effect and can inhibit the decomposition and release of other components of the rooting agent; the aryl sulfonate also has the slow release effect, so that other components of the rooting agent can be delayed to release, the influence of the rooting agent on plants is prolonged, and the development is promoted; the polyacrylamide has the functions of water retention, fertilizer retention, heat preservation and soil structure improvement on plants; the potassium indolebutyrate and the salicylic acid are used for promoting the growth and development of plants and roots; carbendazim plays a role in promoting rhizosphere soil environment sterilization.
(4) Culturing bone dry branches: transplanting the large cup of grafted seedlings into the planting holes subjected to fumigation treatment for branch culture in spring 4 months, and adding 7.5-10.0kg of base fertilizer into each planting hole; timely pinching and erasing leaves 40-50cm away from the ground to culture 2-3 primary branches, and finishing the culture of the primary branches in 9-10 months generally, wherein the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is optimal at 45-65 ℃; cutting when the first-stage branch is cultured to 1-1.2m in length, fertilizing for the second time, alternately sorting and erasing leaves at intervals of 25-30cm to culture 3-4 second-stage branches, and completing the culture of the second-stage branches in the next 2-3 months; removing all non-fallen leaves on the tree in the spring of the next year, fertilizing for the third time, thinning and removing the numerous branches on the secondary branch after the branch tips sprout and draw the tips, reserving 3-4 branch tips with the alternate sequencing interval of 15-25cm as the tertiary branches, culturing the permanent bone branches after the tertiary branches mature and age, and realizing the production of anti-season winter fruits at the end of the year;
(5) fertilizer management and pest control: applying enough base fertilizer during transplanting and field planting; fertilizing for the second time after the first branch culture is finished; performing third fertilization after completing the second-level branch culture; carrying out conventional planting management after flowering and fruiting in the next year; spraying sterilizing liquid to the roots or leaves of the planted custard apple at intervals of one week and two weeks;
(6) and (3) retraction pruning treatment: and (3) in spring of the third year, carrying out retraction pruning treatment on the tree body, after diseased branches, dead branches, upright branches and overlapped branches are pruned, the whole tree is retracted and pruned to three-level branches, the length of the three-level branches is only kept to be 40-50cm, and high yield of fruits can be realized in the next half year of the third year.
Preferably, the fumigant used in the step (3) is 98% broadleaf holly leaf wettable powder. Before transplanting, the soil in the planting hole is fumigated to kill bacteria and fungi in the soil. Meanwhile, soil fumigation can also stimulate soil activity, reduce the application amount of fertilizers and pesticides, and metabolites after use are decomposed into small molecular substances which are finally absorbed and utilized by crops without causing residues. The fumigated soil is more suitable for the growth of mycorrhiza, and the activity of beneficial microorganisms and soil in the soil is improved.
Preferably, in the step (5), the base fertilizer is: 35-45 parts of human and animal excreta, 10-20 parts of fermented straw, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20-30 parts of rice husk ash.
Preferably, in the step (5), the fertilizer for the second/third fertilization is: 20-30 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of peanut bran, 25-30 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate.
Preferably, the fertilization is carried out within 7-10 days before the pinching and the leaf wiping are carried out. The plants are fertilized before pinching and leaf scraping, so that the growth of secondary branches can be promoted, and sufficient nutrients can be provided.
Preferably, in the step (5), the sterilizing solution is: 5-10g of garlic, 7-20g of elm leaves, 2-6g of eucalyptus grandis leaves, 8-11g of pine nut powder, 1-3g of honeysuckle and 4-7g of astragalus membranaceus, grinding all the components into powder, and then adding water according to the proportion of 1:500-600 and uniformly mixing to obtain the sterilizing liquid.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can maintain the healthy and newly-grown root system of the custard apple, is not easy to be infected by bacteria and fungi, and improves the transplanting survival rate; absorb nutrients in soil in time, promote the rapid growth of plants and shorten the culture period of permanent bone branches.
2. According to the invention, the large cup seedlings (with the cup body height of 25-30cm and the diameter of 12-15cm) are adopted for planting, and compared with the small cup seedlings and the bare-rooted seedlings, the root systems and branches of the large cup seedlings are stronger and more developed, so that the growth condition of the plants is better, and the survival rate during transplanting is higher.
3. According to the method, a planting hole is fumigated before transplanting, so that germs and fungi in the soil can be thoroughly killed, and the custard apple cultivated at a later stage is not easily infected by the germs; meanwhile, soil fumigation can also stimulate soil activity, the application amount of fertilizers and pesticides is reduced, and metabolites after use are decomposed into small molecular substances which are finally absorbed and utilized by crops without causing residues. The fumigated soil is more suitable for the growth of mycorrhiza, the activity of beneficial microorganisms and soil in the soil is improved, the absorption of nutrient substances in the soil by the custard apple is promoted, the growth condition is better, and the yield is further improved.
4. The cultivation of the bone dry branches is also the premise of accelerating the arrival of the high-yield period of the fruit trees, diseased branches, dead branches, shaded branches and overlapped branches are pruned reasonably by pruning the tree form, only necessary branches are reserved, the rapid growth of the plants can be promoted, and the high-yield period is advanced.
5. The cultivation method can lead the plants to grow flowers and fruits in the second year of planting, realize high yield in the third year, lead the high yield period to be earlier by 1-2 years, and improve the yield by 30-40 percent compared with the traditional cultivation.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in order that the advantages and features of the invention may be more readily understood, it being understood that the following examples are only preferred versions of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of custard apple comprises the following steps,
(1) and (3) breeding the large cup seedlings: adopting an AP-Sakyamuni variety with good cold resistance and disease tolerance as a stock seed to be sown in a big nutrition cup, cutting the stock seed to 15cm after the seedling is cultivated for one year, then cutting a widely planted Gefner variety scion to the stock by a cutting and grafting method to breed, and taking out the nursery after the scion is cultivated to 30 cm;
(2) soil steaming treatment: steaming the field planting holes 7 days before transplanting, covering the planting holes with a plastic film, and compacting the boundary; the fumigant is 98% of dazomet wettable powder;
(3) rooting treatment: after the soil is fumigated for 3 days, the film is uncovered; before transplanting, uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil, and uniformly broadcasting the mixture into the planting holes;
the rooting agent is as follows: 0.5g of potassium indolebutyrate, 12.0g of sodium humate, 10.0g of aryl sulfonate, 3.0g of carbendazim, 2.0g of polyacrylamide and 0.01g of salicylic acid, and uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil according to the proportion of 1: 30; (4) culturing bone dry branches: transplanting the large cup of grafted seedlings into a planting hole subjected to fumigation treatment for branch cultivation in 4 months in spring, and adding 7.5kg of base fertilizer into the planting hole; timely pinching and erasing leaves 40cm away from the ground to culture 2 first-stage branches, wherein the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is optimal at 45-50 ℃, and the first-stage branch culture is completed in 9-10 months generally; cutting when the first-stage branch is cultured to 1.2m in length, fertilizing for the second time, alternately sorting and erasing leaves at intervals of 25-30cm to culture 3 second-stage branches, and completing the culture of the second-stage branches in the next 2-3 months; all the leaves which do not fall off on the tree are removed in the spring of the next year, the third fertilization is carried out, after the branch tips sprout and draw the tips, the numerous branches on the second-level branch are thinned, 3 branch tips which are alternately sorted and spaced at 15-20cm are reserved as the third-level branch, when the third-level branch is mature and aged, the permanent bone dry branch is cultured, and the production of the anti-season winter fruit can be realized at the end of the year;
(5) fertilizer management and pest control: when transplanting and field planting, applying enough base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components: 35 parts of human and animal excreta, 10 parts of fermented straw, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20 parts of rice husk ash; fertilizing for the second time in time after the first-stage branch culture is finished, and fertilizing within 7 days before the second-stage branch culture is started; fertilizing for the third time after finishing the second-level branch culture, and fertilizing within 7 days before starting the third-level branch culture; the fertilizers for the second/third fertilization were: 20 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of peanut bran, 25 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate; carrying out conventional planting management after flowering and fruiting in the next year; spraying sterilizing liquid to the roots or leaves of the planted custard apple at intervals of one week and two weeks; the sterilizing liquid is as follows: 5g of garlic, 7g of elm leaves, 2g of eucalyptus grandiflorum leaves, 8g of pine nut powder, 1g of honeysuckle and 4g of astragalus membranaceus, grinding all the components into powder, and then adding water according to the proportion of 1:500 to mix uniformly to obtain a sterilizing liquid;
(6) and (3) retraction pruning treatment: and (3) in spring of the third year, carrying out retraction pruning treatment on the tree body, after diseased branches, dead branches, upright branches and overlapped branches are pruned, the whole tree is retracted and pruned to three-level branches, the length of the three-level branches is only kept 50cm, and high yield of fruits can be realized in the next half year of the third year.
By adopting the planting method in certain Nanning orchard, the planted fruit trees have developed root systems and less plant diseases and insect pests, high yield can be realized in the third year of planting, and compared with the traditional planting method, the high yield is 1-2 years earlier, and the yield is improved by more than 30%.
Example 2
A cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of custard apple comprises the following steps,
(1) and (3) breeding the large cup seedlings: adopting a Gefner pinava variety with good cold resistance and disease tolerance as a stock seed to be sowed in a big nutrition cup, cutting the stock seed to 18cm after the seedling is cultivated for one year, then cutting the widely planted Gefner variety scion to the stock by a cutting grafting method to breed, cultivating the scion to 35cm, and then outplanting;
(2) soil steaming treatment: fumigating the field planting holes by using a fumigant 14 days before transplanting, covering the planting holes by using a plastic film and compacting the boundary; the fumigant is 98% of dazomet wettable powder;
(3) rooting treatment: after the soil is fumigated for 3 days, the film is uncovered; before transplanting, uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil, and uniformly broadcasting the mixture into the planting holes;
the rooting agent is as follows: 1.0g of potassium indolebutyrate, 12.0g of sodium humate, 10.0g of aryl sulfonate, 8.0g of carbendazim, 5.0g of polyacrylamide and 0.1g of salicylic acid, and uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil according to the proportion of 1: 40;
(4) culturing bone dry branches: transplanting the large cup of grafted seedlings into the planting holes subjected to fumigation treatment for branch cultivation in 4 months in spring, and adding 10.0kg of base fertilizer into each planting hole; timely pinching and erasing leaves 40cm away from the ground to culture 3 primary branches, wherein the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is optimal at 60-65 ℃, and the primary branch culture is completed in 9-10 months generally; cutting when the first-stage branch is cultured to 1m in length, fertilizing for the second time, alternately sorting and erasing leaves at intervals of 25-30cm to culture 4 second-stage branches, and completing the culture of the second-stage branches in the next 2-3 months; all the leaves which do not fall off on the tree are removed in the spring of the next year, the third fertilization is carried out, after the branch tips sprout and draw the tips, the numerous branches on the second-level branch are thinned, 4 branch tips which are alternately sorted and spaced at 20-25cm are reserved as the third-level branch, when the third-level branch is mature and aged, the permanent bone dry branch is cultured, and the production of the anti-season winter fruit can be realized at the end of the year;
(5) fertilizer management and pest control: when transplanting and field planting, applying enough base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components: 45 parts of human and animal excreta, 20 parts of fermented straw, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 30 parts of rice husk ash; fertilizing for the second time in time after the first-stage branch culture is finished, and fertilizing within 8 days before the second-stage branch culture is started; fertilizing for the third time after finishing the second-level branch culture, and fertilizing within 9 days before starting the third-level branch culture; the fertilizers for the second/third fertilization were: 30 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of peanut bran, 30 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate; carrying out conventional planting management after flowering and fruiting in the next year; spraying sterilizing liquid to the roots or leaves of the planted custard apple at intervals of one week and two weeks; the sterilizing liquid is as follows: 10g of garlic, 20g of elm leaves, 6g of eucalyptus grandiflorum leaves, 11g of pine nut powder, 3g of honeysuckle and 7g of astragalus membranaceus, grinding all the components into powder, and then adding water according to the proportion of 1:600 to mix uniformly to obtain a sterilizing liquid;
(6) and (3) retraction pruning treatment: and (3) in spring of the third year, carrying out retraction pruning treatment on the tree body, after diseased branches, dead branches, upright branches and overlapped branches are pruned, the whole tree is retracted and pruned to three-level branches, the length of the three-level branches is only kept 50cm, and high yield of fruits can be realized in the next half year of the third year.
By adopting the planting method in a colorful orchard, the planted fruit trees have developed root systems and less plant diseases and insect pests, high yield can be realized in the third year of planting, and compared with the traditional planting method, the high yield is 1-2 years earlier, and the yield is improved by more than 40%.
Example 3
A cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of custard apple comprises the following steps,
(1) and (3) breeding the large cup seedlings: adopting a Gefner pinava variety with good cold resistance and disease tolerance as a stock seed to be sowed in a big nutrition cup, cutting the stock seed to 20cm after the seedling is cultivated for one year, then cutting the widely planted Gefner variety scion to the stock by a cutting grafting method to breed, cultivating the scion to 40cm, and then outplanting;
(2) soil steaming treatment: steaming the field planting holes 10 days before transplanting, covering the planting holes with a plastic film, and compacting the boundary; the fumigant is 98% of dazomet wettable powder;
(3) rooting treatment: after the soil is fumigated for 2 days, uncovering the film; before transplanting, uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil, and uniformly broadcasting the mixture into the planting holes;
the rooting agent is as follows: 0.8g of potassium indolebutyrate, 10.0g of sodium humate, 7.0g of aryl sulfonate, 5.0g of carbendazim, 3.0g of polyacrylamide and 0.05g of salicylic acid, and uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil according to the proportion of 1: 40;
(4) culturing bone dry branches: transplanting the large cup of grafted seedlings into the planting holes subjected to fumigation treatment for branch cultivation in 4 months in spring, and adding 9.0kg of base fertilizer into each planting hole; timely pinching and erasing leaves 45cm away from the ground to culture 3 primary branches, wherein the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is optimal at 50-55 degrees, and the primary branch culture is completed in 9-10 months generally; cutting when the first-stage branch is cultured to 1.1m in length, fertilizing for the second time, alternately sorting and erasing leaves at intervals of 25-30cm to culture 4 second-stage branches, and completing the culture of the second-stage branches in the next 2-3 months; all the leaves which do not fall off on the tree are removed in the spring of the next year, the third fertilization is carried out, after the branch tips sprout and draw the tips, the numerous branches on the second-level branch are thinned, 3 branch tips which are alternately sorted and spaced at 15-20cm are reserved as the third-level branch, when the third-level branch is mature and aged, the permanent bone dry branch is cultured, and the production of the anti-season winter fruit can be realized at the end of the year;
(5) fertilizer management and pest control: when transplanting and field planting, applying enough base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components: 38 parts of human and animal excreta, 15 parts of fermented straw, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 25 parts of rice husk ash are mixed and composted; fertilizing for the second time in time after the first-stage branch culture is finished, and fertilizing within 9 days before the second-stage branch culture is started; fertilizing for the third time after finishing the second-level branch culture, and fertilizing within 9 days before starting the third-level branch culture; the fertilizers for the second/third fertilization were: 25 parts of humic acid, 18 parts of peanut bran, 27 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 18 parts of monopotassium phosphate; carrying out conventional planting management after flowering and fruiting in the next year; spraying sterilizing liquid to the roots or leaves of the planted custard apple at intervals of one week and two weeks; the sterilizing liquid is as follows: 8g of garlic, 15g of elm leaves, 4g of eucalyptus grandiflorum leaves, 10g of pine nut powder, 2g of honeysuckle and 5g of astragalus membranaceus, grinding all the components into powder, and then adding water according to the proportion of 1:550 to mix uniformly to obtain a sterilizing liquid;
(6) and (3) retraction pruning treatment: and (3) in spring of the third year, carrying out retraction pruning treatment on the tree body, after diseased branches, dead branches, upright branches and overlapped branches are pruned, the whole tree is retracted and pruned to three-level branches, the length of the three-level branches is only kept 45cm, and high yield of fruits can be realized in the next half year of the third year.
By adopting the planting method in a certain Chong left orchard, the planted fruit trees have developed root systems and few plant diseases and insect pests, high yield can be realized in the third year of planting, and compared with the traditional planting method, the high yield is 1-2 years earlier, and the yield is improved by more than 35%.
Example 4
A cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of custard apple comprises the following steps,
(1) and (3) breeding the large cup seedlings: adopting an AP-Sakyamuni variety with good cold resistance and disease tolerance as a stock seed to be sown in a big nutrition cup, cutting the stock seed to 15-20cm after the seedling is cultivated for one year, then cutting a widely planted Gefner variety scion to the stock by a cutting method to breed, and taking out the stock after the scion is cultivated to 30-40 cm;
(2) soil steaming treatment: steaming the field planting holes 7-14 days before transplanting, covering the planting holes with a plastic film, and compacting the boundary; the fumigant is 98% of dazomet wettable powder;
(3) rooting treatment: after the soil is fumigated for 2 to 3 days, uncovering the film; before transplanting, uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil, and uniformly broadcasting the mixture into the planting holes;
the rooting agent is as follows: 0.7g of potassium indolebutyrate, 8.0g of sodium humate, 9.0g of aryl sulfonate, 4.0g of carbendazim, 4.0g of polyacrylamide and 0.08g of salicylic acid, and uniformly mixing the rooting agent with fine soil according to the proportion of 1: 45;
(4) culturing bone dry branches: transplanting the large cup of grafted seedlings into the planting holes subjected to fumigation treatment for branch cultivation in 4 months in spring, and adding 8.0kg of base fertilizer into each planting hole; timely pinching and erasing leaves 45-50cm away from the ground to culture 3 primary branches, wherein the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is optimal at 45-65 degrees, and the primary branch culture is completed in 9-10 months generally; cutting when the first-stage branch is cultured to 1.2m in length, fertilizing for the second time, alternately sorting and erasing leaves at intervals of 25-30cm to culture 3 second-stage branches, and completing the culture of the second-stage branches in the next 2-3 months; all the leaves which do not fall off on the tree are removed in the spring of the next year, the third fertilization is carried out, after the branch tips sprout and draw the tips, the numerous branches on the second-level branch are thinned, 4 branch tips which are alternately sorted and spaced at 18-22cm are reserved as the third-level branch, when the third-level branch is mature and aged, the permanent bone dry branch is cultured, and the production of the anti-season winter fruit can be realized at the end of the year;
(5) fertilizer management and pest control: when transplanting and field planting, applying enough base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following components: 42 parts of human and animal excreta, 18 parts of fermented straw, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 22 parts of rice husk ash; fertilizing for the second time in time after the first-stage branch culture is finished, and fertilizing within 10 days before the second-stage branch culture is started; fertilizing for the third time after finishing the second-level branch culture, and fertilizing within 10 days before starting the third-level branch culture; the fertilizers for the second/third fertilization were: 27 parts of humic acid, 16 parts of peanut bran, 29 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 18 parts of monopotassium phosphate; carrying out conventional planting management after flowering and fruiting in the next year; spraying sterilizing liquid to the roots or leaves of the planted custard apple at intervals of one week and two weeks; the sterilizing liquid is as follows: 10g of garlic, 17g of elm leaves, 5g of eucalyptus grandiflorum leaves, 9g of pine nut powder, 3g of honeysuckle and 6g of astragalus membranaceus, grinding all the components into powder, and then adding water according to the proportion of 1:580 to mix uniformly to obtain a sterilizing liquid;
(6) and (3) retraction pruning treatment: and (3) in spring of the third year, carrying out retraction pruning treatment on the tree body, after diseased branches, dead branches, upright branches and overlapped branches are pruned, the whole tree is retracted and pruned to three-level branches, the length of the three-level branches is only kept to be 40-45cm, and high yield of fruits can be realized in the next half year of the third year.
By adopting the planting method in a certain orchard in Qinzhou, the planted fruit trees have developed root systems and few plant diseases and insect pests, high yield can be realized in the third year of planting, and compared with the traditional planting method, the high yield is 1-2 years earlier, and the yield is improved by over 38 percent.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method for advancing the high-yield period of custard apple is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(1) and (3) breeding the large cup seedlings: sowing seeds of custard apple with good resistance in a big nutrition cup for seedling cultivation, cutting the seeds to 15-20cm after cultivation for one year to serve as stocks, then cutting the scions of the custard apple variety to be grafted onto the stocks by a cutting and grafting method for breeding, and taking out of the nursery after the scions are cultivated to 30-40 cm;
(2) soil steaming treatment: steaming the field planting holes 7-14 days before transplanting, covering the planting holes with a plastic film, and compacting the boundary; the fumigant used is 98% of the hydrabam wettable powder;
(3) rooting treatment: after the soil is fumigated for 2 to 3 days, uncovering the film; before transplanting, uniformly mixing a rooting agent and fine soil, and broadcasting into a planting hole;
the rooting agent is as follows: 0.5-1.0g of potassium indolebutyrate, 6.0-12.0g of sodium humate, 5.0-10.0g of aryl sulfonate, 3.0-8.0g of carbendazim, 2.0-5.0g of polyacrylamide and 0.01-0.1g of salicylic acid, and uniformly mixing a rooting agent with fine soil according to the ratio of 1: 30-50;
(4) culturing bone dry branches: transplanting the large cup of grafted seedlings into the planting holes subjected to fumigation treatment for branch culture in spring 4 months, and adding 7.5-10.0kg of base fertilizer into each planting hole; timely pinching and erasing leaves 40-50cm away from the ground to culture 2-3 primary branches, wherein the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is 45-65 degrees, and the culture of the primary branches is completed in 9-10 months; cutting when the first-stage branch is cultured to 1-1.2m in length, fertilizing for the second time, alternately sorting and erasing leaves at intervals of 25-30cm to culture 3-4 second-stage branches, and completing the culture of the second-stage branches in the next 2-3 months; removing all non-fallen leaves on the tree in the spring of the next year, fertilizing for the third time, thinning and removing the numerous branches on the secondary branch after the branch tips sprout and draw the tips, reserving 3-4 branch tips with the alternate sequencing interval of 15-25cm as the tertiary branches, culturing the permanent bone branches after the tertiary branches mature and age, and realizing the production of anti-season winter fruits at the end of the year;
(5) fertilizer management and pest control: applying enough base fertilizer during transplanting and field planting; fertilizing for the second time after the first branch culture is finished; performing third fertilization after completing the second-level branch culture; carrying out conventional planting management after flowering and fruiting in the next year; spraying sterilizing liquid to the roots or leaves of the planted custard apple at intervals of one week and two weeks; the sterilizing liquid is as follows: 5-10g of garlic, 7-20g of elm leaves, 2-6g of eucalyptus grandiflorum leaves, 8-11g of pine nut powder, 1-3g of honeysuckle and 4-7g of astragalus membranaceus, grinding all the components into powder, and then adding water according to the proportion of 1:500-600 and uniformly mixing to obtain the sterilizing liquid;
(6) and (3) retraction pruning treatment: and (3) in spring of the third year, carrying out retraction pruning treatment on the tree body, after diseased branches, dead branches, upright branches and overlapped branches are pruned, the whole tree is retracted and pruned to three-level branches, the length of the three-level branches is only kept to be 40-50cm, and high yield of fruits can be realized in the next half year of the third year.
2. The method for cultivating Annona squamosa in advance at a high yield stage according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the base fertilizer in the step (5) is as follows: 35-45 parts of human and animal excreta, 10-20 parts of fermented straw, 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20-30 parts of rice husk ash.
3. The method for cultivating Annona squamosa in advance at a high yield stage according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fertilizers for the second/third fertilization in the step (5) are as follows: 20-30 parts of humic acid, 15-20 parts of peanut bran, 25-30 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 15-20 parts of monopotassium phosphate.
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| CN112237120B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-04-18 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Shaping technology cultivation mode of Y-shaped pinaga ananas comosus |
| CN112400588B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2023-04-14 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Airy planting and cultivating technical mode for cushaw |
| CN112514728B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2023-10-10 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Planting method for mixed seeds of Aoan mango and pineapple Sakya |
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| CN114402822B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2023-06-23 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | Method for improving survival rate of pineapple Sakya cutting seedlings |
| CN115529956A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-30 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Annona squamosa top grafting crown changing method |
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Application publication date: 20190111 Assignee: Yangshuo Qixianfeng Tea Industry Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046031 Denomination of invention: A Cultivation Method for Early Harvesting of Pineapple Shakya Granted publication date: 20210108 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190111 Assignee: Yangshuo Yulong River Ecological Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046028 Denomination of invention: A Cultivation Method for Early Harvesting of Pineapple Shakya Granted publication date: 20210108 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190111 Assignee: Guizhu Jinju Professional Cooperative in Baisha Town, Yangshuo County Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046026 Denomination of invention: A Cultivation Method for Early Harvesting of Pineapple Shakya Granted publication date: 20210108 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 Application publication date: 20190111 Assignee: Guangxi Nanning Yuancheng Modern Agriculture Co.,Ltd. Assignor: GUANGXI ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Contract record no.: X2023980046024 Denomination of invention: A Cultivation Method for Early Harvesting of Pineapple Shakya Granted publication date: 20210108 License type: Common License Record date: 20231108 |