CN115529956A - Annona squamosa top grafting crown changing method - Google Patents
Annona squamosa top grafting crown changing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115529956A CN115529956A CN202211151361.7A CN202211151361A CN115529956A CN 115529956 A CN115529956 A CN 115529956A CN 202211151361 A CN202211151361 A CN 202211151361A CN 115529956 A CN115529956 A CN 115529956A
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- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol Chemical compound C1=NC=NN1CC(O)(C(C)(C)C)CCC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 PXMNMQRDXWABCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000258937 Hemiptera Species 0.000 claims description 5
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
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- 241001414989 Thysanoptera Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012547 cherimoya Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002483 decamethrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N deltamethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C=C(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-RDDWSQKMSA-N (1S)-cis-(alphaR)-cyhalothrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](\C=C(/Cl)C(F)(F)F)[C@@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-RDDWSQKMSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005747 Chlorothalonil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorothalonil Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C(Cl)C(C#N)=C1Cl CRQQGFGUEAVUIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 241001237431 Anomala Species 0.000 description 3
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- SXSGXWCSHSVPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluxapyroxad Chemical compound FC(F)C1=NN(C)C=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1 SXSGXWCSHSVPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an annona squamosa high grafting and crown changing method which reduces the height of a tree, selects a good variety, selects and processes scion, carries out disinfection and sterilization after grafting and grafting, coats a healing agent for treatment, carries out management after grafting, carries out tree form pruning, applies fertilizer, prevents and controls plant diseases and insect pests and the like by pruning and re-retracting so as to realize the purposes of improving the original orchard and improving the yield of the orchard. The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, low in input production cost, beneficial to dwarfing of tree forms, high in grafting survival rate in spring and suitable for variety transformation of a low-yield annona squamosa garden.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a plant top grafting and crown changing method.
Background
Annona squamosa Linn, annona squamosa, annonaceae, annona. In tropical America, tropical regions of the world are cultivated, and the provinces of Zhejiang, taiwan, fujian, guangdong, guangxi, hainan and Yunnan, etc. are cultivated. The ecological environment of the introduction area is greatly different from the original production area, so that the quality and yield difference of the Annona squamosa variety is large, the marketability and market price of Annona squamosa are influenced, and the income of fruit growers is reduced. In order to improve the economic benefit of sweetsop production, the high grafting technology is adopted for sweetsop varieties which are not suitable for local ecological conditions, low-yield trees and lack of market competitiveness, so that the varieties can be improved, the tree vigor can be recovered, and the purposes of early fruiting and high yield can be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an annona squamosa high grafting and crown changing method, which is used for performing high grafting and seed changing on low-yield annona squamosa trees, is simple to operate, beneficial to dwarfing of tree forms, quick in effect, low in cost and high in grafting survival rate, avoids resource waste caused by re-planting, and is suitable for variety transformation of low-yield annona squamosa orchards.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for replacing a crown of Annona squamosa Linn by top grafting comprises the following steps:
(1) Pruning: performing re-retraction on the changed annona squamosa in 2-4 months, selecting and reserving 2-4 branches which are uniformly distributed, controlling the height to be 60-80cm after retraction, cutting the rest branches from the base part, and protecting the bark of the rootstock from being damaged when cutting the branches;
(2) Selecting a grafting variety: selecting a sweetsop variety with high yield, high quality, good commodity and high economic benefit as a high-grafting variety;
(3) Scion grafting: selecting a mother tree which is strong in growth, full in bud eyes, high in yield, stable in yield and free of diseases and insect pests, cutting off current-year or annual aged branches at the middle upper part of a crown as scions, cutting off leaves, reserving 3-4 buds for each scion, cutting the scions into lengths of 10-15cm, sterilizing the scions, preserving moisture, and storing the scions in shade for later use;
(4) Grafting: selecting rainy weather, and paying attention to well moisturize the scions so as to avoid water loss and reduce the survival rate; during grafting, a scion bud eye is wrapped by a single-layer film by adopting a cutting grafting method or a cleft grafting method, and the scion bud eye can grow through the film after germination, so that the film picking procedure is reduced; after grafting is finished, carrying out whole-tree spraying sterilization treatment, and after a grafting cut is dried, coating a healing agent to protect a wound; 1-2 more branches can be grafted on the large branches;
(5) And (4) management after connection: the adventitious buds at the lower part of the grafting opening are removed in time, the scion starts to sprout 20-30 days after grafting, and the bud picking is carried out when the buds are extracted and grow to 10-15 cm; selecting and reserving 2-3 strong young shoots without diseases and insect pests on each main branch, wherein the young shoots are uniformly distributed in all directions, and other branches are cut off; when the young shoots turn green for the second time and are fully aged, the thin film can be unbound; when the sprouts grow to 25-30cm, the vertical pillars are tied with young shoots to prevent wind from breaking; within 1 year of survival of grafting, removing flower buds on the scions so as to culture robust tree crowns;
(6) Trimming: when the scion grows to the 2 nd tip leaf and is aged, the length is 40-50 cm, the tip is fixed and the top is knocked, the branch is promoted, 2 buds which are strong in growth and reasonable in distribution are reserved, and the rest buds are removed; after the young shoots grow to 30-40 cm, topping again and reserving buds, grafting in the same year, topping and pruning in sequence, forming 4-6 branches for each scion, and quickly culturing to form tree crowns;
(7) Fertilizing: retracting and fertilizing 7-10 days before pruning, applying 15-20kg of organic fertilizer or farmyard manure per plant, and adding 0.5-1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant; after the grafting survives, the first batch of shoots are aged, the compound water-soluble fertilizer is applied, and then the compound water-soluble fertilizer is applied once every 1-2 months to promote the growth of new shoots; the concentration of the compound water soluble fertilizer (N-P-K, 20-20-20) is 1;
(8) And (3) pest control: after grafting survival, chemical and physical pest control is carried out to promote the growth of new shoots and prevent new leaves from being damaged.
The time for changing the crown by the lopping grafting is selected to be 2-4 months per year, and during the period of heavy pruning after fruit harvesting, the rainwater is sufficient, the growth is easy, and the survival rate is high; in autumn, the fruit bearing period is not suitable for grafting, and after grafting in autumn and survival, no protection measures are taken in the field, so that the field is easily affected by cold damage in winter, and the later survival is not facilitated.
Preferably, in the step (1), the diameter of the branch of 2-4 branches is selected to be 1-5cm, the length of the branch is kept to be 15-20cm away from a branch opening, grafting is directly carried out after retraction, and the overlarge branch and the undersize branch are cut from the base of the branch.
Preferably, the high-grafting variety in the step (2) is ananas comosus, AP sweetsop and Annona maxima. Grafting the Annona maxima, the Annona ananas and the AP sweetsop according to the ratio of the number of the grafted plants of 1:2-3:1. The custard apple, custard apple and AP sweetsop are respectively early, middle and late-maturing varieties, the difference of fruit bearing is more than 10 days, so that the mutual flowering phases can meet, and the pollination success rate is improved.
Preferably, in the step (3), the scions are soaked in 1000-1500 times of trichoderma harzianum solution for 1-2min, taken out, filtered, dried, wrapped by a wet towel, and stored in a cool place for later use.
Preferably, in the step (4), the whole tree is sprayed with 800-1000 times of thiophanate methyl liquid, 1000-1500 times of mancozeb or 800-1000 times of chlorothalothrin and 2000-3000 times of cyhalothrin.
Preferably, in the step (4), 1 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of lime and 15 parts of water are decocted into slurry, and then 0.5 part of animal oil and 1 part of plant ash are added and uniformly mixed.
Preferably, the healing agent is applied to the cut with the diameter of more than 2 cm to promote wound healing. For the wounds with the diameter of less than 2 cm, the healing agent does not need to be smeared because the small healing force is strong and the growth is recovered quickly, and the small wounds are inconvenient to operate.
Preferably, the chemical and physical pest control in step (8) mainly comprises: a. for thrips, whiteflies and spider pests, 2000-3000 times of liquid of deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin or imidacloprid is sprayed for prevention and control;
b. for leaf spot, 40% tebuconazole pyrazole was used;
c. 20% of fluxapyroxad is adopted for the scab;
d. the anthracnose adopts 1500-2000 times of solution of mancozeb;
e. besides the drug control, physical control is also needed, and the damaged branches are intensively destroyed and deeply buried to reduce the sources of diseases and insects. Preferably, in the step (1), 2-4 branches are selected and reserved, the diameter of each branch is 1-5cm, the distance from a branch opening is 15-20cm, the branches are directly grafted after retraction, and overlarge branches and undersize branches are cut from the base of the branch.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The cherimoya high grafting and crown changing method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost, time-saving and labor-saving, high in grafting survival rate, and capable of avoiding resource waste and time waste caused by re-planting.
(2) The height of the annona annonacea is controlled to be 60-80cm, so that the operation of grafting workers is facilitated, the dwarfing of the tree form is facilitated, and the operation is easier when the subsequent result is mature.
(3) The method applies 15-20kg of organic fertilizer or farmyard manure per plant and 0.5-1 kg of compound fertilizer 7-10 days before retraction and pruning, and applies fertilizer in advance, so that the nutrition supply after grafting is facilitated, and the germination and growth of new shoots are promoted.
(4) The copper sulfate and the lime in the invention have the effect of sterilization, the animal oil is used for lubricating and mixing, the adhesiveness is increased, and the plant ash has the functions of killing insects and inhibiting germs. The application of the healing agent is helpful for healing the grafting opening as soon as possible and improving the survival rate.
(5) The grafting survival rate of the method reaches more than 90 percent, fruits can be hung 2 years after grafting, the cost can be saved by 400-500 yuan per mu, and the method is suitable for variety transformation of a low-yield annona squamosa orchard.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
The invention is further illustrated but is not to be construed as being limited by the following examples.
Example 1
A cherimoya top grafting crown changing method comprises the following steps:
(1) Pruning: for an annona squamosa garden with a certain lower yield in Longzhou county in Chongleft city, performing re-shrinking trimming on annona squamosa trees needing to be changed in 3 months, selecting and reserving 2-4 evenly distributed branches, wherein the diameter of the selected branches is 1-5cm, and the distance from the branch openings is 15-20cm; and cutting the rest oversize and undersize branches from the base of the branch, controlling the height to be 60-80cm after retraction, protecting the bark of the rootstock from being damaged during pruning, and directly grafting after retraction.
(2) Selecting a grafting variety: the high-yield high-quality pineapple custard apple, AP custard apple and anomala custard apple varieties with good commodity and economic benefit are selected as high-grafting varieties.
(3) Scion grafting: selecting a mother tree which is strong in growth, plump in bud eyes, high in yield, stable in yield and free of diseases and insect pests, shearing current-year or annual-year-old branches at the middle upper part of a crown to serve as scions, shearing off leaves, reserving 3-4 buds for each scion, shearing the scions into lengths of 10-15cm, soaking the scions in 1000 times of trichoderma harzianum solution for 1-2min for sterilization, taking out the scions, draining, wrapping with a wet towel, and storing in a shade place for later use.
(4) Grafting: and (4) selecting the weather without rain, and paying attention to well moisturizing the scions so as to avoid water loss and reduce the survival rate. According to the orchard conditions, 15 plants of custard, 30 plants of custard and 15 plants of AP sweetsop are selected for grafting according to the number ratio of 1. During grafting, a scion bud eye is wrapped by a single-layer film by adopting a cutting grafting method, and the scion bud eye can grow through the film after sprouting, so that the film picking procedure is reduced; and after grafting, spraying 800-1000 times of liquid of thiophanate methyl on the whole tree to perform whole-tree sterilization treatment. After the grafting cut is dried, a healing agent is coated to protect the wound; the consolidant is prepared by decocting 1 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of lime and 15 parts of water into slurry, and then adding 0.5 part of animal oil and 1 part of plant ash and uniformly mixing. Healing agent healing agents are applied to incisions of 2 cm or more in diameter to promote wound healing.
(5) And (4) management after connection: the adventitious buds at the lower part of the grafting opening are removed in time, the scion starts to sprout 20-30 days after grafting, and the bud picking is carried out when the buds are extracted and grow to 10-15 cm; selecting and reserving 2-3 strong shoots without diseases and insect pests on each main branch, uniformly distributing the shoots in all directions, and cutting off other shoots; when the young shoots turn green for the second time and are fully aged, the film can be unbound; when the sprout grows to 25-30cm, the support is bound with the sprout to prevent wind from breaking; in 1 year after the grafting survives, removing flower buds on the scions so as to culture robust tree crowns;
(6) Trimming: when the scion grows to the 2 nd tip leaf and is aged, the length is 40-50 cm, the tip is fixed and the top is knocked, the branch is promoted, 2 buds which are strong in growth and reasonable in distribution are reserved, and the rest buds are removed; after the young shoots grow to 30-40 cm, topping again and reserving buds, grafting in the same year, topping and pruning in sequence, forming 4-6 branches for each scion, and quickly culturing to form tree crowns;
(7) Fertilizing: retracting and pruning for 7-10 days, fertilizing, applying 15 kg/plant of organic fertilizer or farmyard manure, and adding 1 kg/plant of compound fertilizer; after the grafting survives, the first batch of shoots are aged, the compound water-soluble fertilizer is applied, and then the compound water-soluble fertilizer is applied once every 1-2 months to promote the growth of new shoots; the concentration of the compound water soluble fertilizer (N-P-K, 20-20-20) is 1;
(8) And (3) pest control: after grafting survival, chemical and physical pest control is carried out to promote the growth of new shoots and prevent new leaves from being damaged. The specific pest control mainly comprises the following steps: a. the deltamethrin liquid with the volume of 2000-3000 times is used for preventing and controlling thrips, whiteflies and spider pests;
b. for leaf spot, 40% tebuconazole pyrazole is adopted;
c. 20% of fluxapyroxad is adopted for the scab;
d. the anthracnose adopts mancozeb 1500-2000 times liquid;
e. besides the drug control, physical control is also needed, and the damaged branches are intensively destroyed and deeply buried to reduce the sources of diseases and insects.
Example 2
A method for replacing a crown of Annona squamosa Linn by top grafting comprises the following steps:
(1) Pruning: for an annona squamosa garden with lower yield of Binxiang in Chongzhou county on the left, carrying out re-shrinking pruning on annona squamosa trees needing to be changed in 2 months, selecting and reserving 2-4 branches which are uniformly distributed, wherein the diameter of each branch is 1-5cm, and the distance from each branch to a branch opening is 15-20cm; cutting the rest oversize and undersize branches from the base of the branch, controlling the height to be 60-80cm after retraction, protecting the bark of the stock from being damaged during pruning, and directly grafting after retraction;
(2) Selecting a grafting variety: the high-yield high-quality pineapple custard apple, AP custard apple and anomala custard apple varieties with good commodity and economic benefit are selected as high-grafting varieties.
(3) Scion grafting: selecting a mother tree which is strong in growth, full in bud eyes, high in yield, stable in yield and free of diseases and insect pests, cutting current-year or annual-year-old branches at the middle upper part of a crown as scions, cutting off leaves, reserving 3-4 buds for each scion, cutting the scions into lengths of 10-15cm, soaking the scions in 1500 times of trichoderma harzianum solution for 1-2min for sterilization, taking out the scions, draining, wrapping the scions with a wet towel, and storing the scions in a shade place for later use.
(4) Grafting: selecting rainy weather, and paying attention to well moisturize the scions so as to avoid water loss and reduce the survival rate; according to the orchard conditions, grafting custard apple, custard apple and AP custard apple according to the number ratio of 1.
During grafting, a cleft grafting method is adopted, a single-layer film is used for wrapping scion bud eyes, and the scion bud eyes can grow through the film after germination, so that the film picking process is reduced; and after grafting, spraying 1000-1500 times of solution of mancozeb on the whole tree to perform whole-tree spraying sterilization treatment. After the grafting cut is dried, a healing agent is coated to protect the wound; the consolidant is prepared by decocting 1 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of lime and 15 parts of water into slurry, and then adding 0.5 part of animal oil and 1 part of plant ash and uniformly mixing. Healing agent healing agents are applied to incisions of 2 cm or more in diameter to promote wound healing.
(5) And (4) management after connection: the adventitious buds at the lower part of the grafting opening are removed in time, the scion starts to sprout 20-30 days after grafting, and the bud picking is carried out when the buds are extracted and grow to 10-15 cm; selecting and reserving 2-3 strong shoots without diseases and insect pests on each main branch, uniformly distributing the shoots in all directions, and cutting off other shoots; when the young shoots turn green for the second time and are fully aged, the film can be unbound; when the sprouts grow to 25-30cm, the vertical pillars are tied with young shoots to prevent wind from breaking; in 1 year after the grafting survives, removing flower buds on the scions so as to culture robust tree crowns;
(6) Trimming: when the scion grows to the 2 nd tip leaf and is aged, the length is 40-50 cm, the tip is fixed and the top is knocked off to promote the branch, 2 buds which grow robustly and are reasonably distributed are reserved, and the rest buds are removed; after the young shoots grow to 30-40 cm, topping again and reserving buds, grafting in the same year, topping and pruning in sequence, forming 4-6 branches for each scion, and quickly culturing to form tree crowns;
(7) Fertilizing: retracting and fertilizing 7-10 days before pruning, applying 20kg of organic fertilizer or farmyard manure per plant, and adding 0.5kg of compound fertilizer per plant; after grafting and survival, aging the first batch of shoots, applying a compound water-soluble fertilizer, and then applying the compound water-soluble fertilizer once every 1-2 months to promote the growth of new shoots; the concentration of the composite water soluble fertilizer (N-P-K, 20-20-20) is 1;
(8) And (3) pest control: after grafting survival, chemical and physical pest control is carried out to promote the growth of new shoots and prevent new leaves from being damaged. The specific pest control mainly comprises the following steps: a. the pesticide is used for preventing and controlling thrips, whitefly and spider mite by spraying 2000-3000 times of efficient cyhalothrin;
b. for leaf spot, 40% tebuconazole pyrazole is adopted;
c. 20% of fluconazole hydroxylamine is adopted for the scab;
d. the anthracnose adopts mancozeb 1500-2000 times liquid;
e. besides the drug control, physical control is also needed, and the damaged branches are intensively destroyed and deeply buried to reduce the sources of diseases and insects.
Example 3
A method for replacing a crown of Annona squamosa Linn by top grafting comprises the following steps:
(1) Pruning: for the annona squamosa garden with lower yield of the Longzhou town of Chongzuo, the annona squamosa trees needing to be changed are selected to be re-shrunk and trimmed in 4 months, 2-4 branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved, the diameter of each branch is 1-5cm, and the branch is 15-20cm away from a branch opening; cutting the rest oversize and undersize branches from the base of the branch, controlling the height to be 60-80cm after retraction, protecting the bark of the stock from being damaged during pruning, and directly grafting after retraction;
(2) Selecting a grafting variety: the high-yield high-quality pineapple custard apple, AP custard apple and anomala custard apple varieties with good commodity and economic benefit are selected as high-grafting varieties.
(3) Scion grafting: selecting a mother tree which is strong in growth, full in bud eyes, high in yield, stable in yield and free of diseases and insect pests, cutting current-year or annual-year-old branches at the middle upper part of a crown as scions, cutting off leaves, reserving 3-4 buds for each scion, cutting the scions into lengths of 10-15cm, soaking the scions in 1200 times of trichoderma harzianum solution for 1-2min for sterilization, taking out the scions, draining, wrapping the scions with a wet towel, and storing the scions in a shade place for later use.
(4) Grafting: selecting rainy weather, and paying attention to well moisturize the scions so as to avoid water loss and reduce the survival rate; according to the orchard conditions, grafting custard apple, custard apple and AP custard apple according to the number ratio of 1.
During grafting, a scion bud eye is wrapped by a single-layer film by adopting a cutting grafting method, and the scion bud eye can grow through the film after sprouting, so that the film picking procedure is reduced; after grafting, spraying the whole tree by using chlorothalonil in an amount of 800-1000 times and cyhalothrin in an amount of 2000-3000 times to perform whole-tree spraying sterilization treatment. After the grafting cut is dried, a healing agent is coated to protect the wound; the consolidant is prepared by decocting 1 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of lime and 15 parts of water into slurry, and then adding 0.5 part of animal oil and 1 part of plant ash and uniformly mixing. Healing agent healing agents are applied to incisions of 2 cm or more in diameter to promote wound healing.
(5) And (4) management after connection: the adventitious buds at the lower part of the grafting opening are removed in time, the scion starts to sprout 20-30 days after grafting, and the bud picking is carried out when the buds are extracted and grow to 10-15 cm; selecting and reserving 2-3 strong young shoots without diseases and insect pests on each main branch, wherein the young shoots are uniformly distributed in all directions, and other branches are cut off; when the young shoots turn green for the second time and are fully aged, the thin film can be unbound; when the sprout grows to 25-30cm, the support is bound with the sprout to prevent wind from breaking; in 1 year after the grafting survives, removing flower buds on the scions so as to culture robust tree crowns;
(6) Trimming: when the scion grows to the 2 nd tip leaf and is aged, the length is 40-50 cm, the tip is fixed and the top is knocked off to promote the branch, 2 buds which grow robustly and are reasonably distributed are reserved, and the rest buds are removed; after the young shoots grow to 30-40 cm, topping again and reserving buds, grafting in the same year, topping and pruning in sequence, forming 4-6 branches for each scion, and quickly culturing to form tree crowns;
(7) Fertilizing: retracting and fertilizing 7-10 days before pruning, applying 18kg of organic fertilizer or farmyard manure per plant, and adding 0.8kg of compound fertilizer per plant; after the grafting survives, the first batch of shoots are aged, the compound water-soluble fertilizer is applied, and then the compound water-soluble fertilizer is applied once every 1 month to promote the growth of new shoots; the concentration of the compound water soluble fertilizer (N-P-K, 20-20-20) is 1;
(8) And (3) pest control: after grafting survival, chemical and physical pest control is carried out to promote the growth of new shoots and prevent new leaves from being damaged. The specific pest control mainly comprises the following steps: a. spraying 2000-3000 times of imidacloprid solution for controlling thrips, whiteflies and spider pests;
b. for leaf spot, 40% tebuconazole pyrazole is adopted;
c. 20% of fluconazole hydroxylamine is adopted for the scab;
d. the anthracnose adopts 1500-2000 times of solution of mancozeb;
e. besides the drug control, physical control is also needed, and the damaged branches are intensively destroyed and deeply buried to reduce the sources of diseases and insects.
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that after the grafting in the step (4) is finished, the whole tree is not sprayed and sterilized, and after the grafting cut is dried, the healing agent is not coated, so that the normal grafting state is maintained.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is the original low-yield orchard state before high-inoculation and seed change in example 1.
The experimental procedures and data for examples 1-3, and comparative examples 1-2 above are reported in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Annona squamosa orchard reconstruction Experimental records
From table 1, it can be seen that:
(1) After grafting is finished, whole-tree spray sterilization treatment is carried out, and a healing agent is coated on a grafting cut, so that healing of the grafting cut is facilitated, invasion of germs is reduced, and grafting survival rate is improved, therefore, in example 1 adopting the method, compared with comparative example 1, the grafting survival rate is improved by 10-13%.
(2) Compared with the original low-yield orchard, the new annona squamosa orchard subjected to top grafting and crown replacement can shorten the fruiting period by 10-12 months and obviously improve the production efficiency in the fruiting period.
(3) In terms of production cost, the cost of transforming a low-yield orchard needs 900-1000 yuan/mu, but the yield is improved by about 100-300 kg/mu, and the sustainable yield is improved, so that the economic benefit is obviously increased.
Claims (9)
1. A cherimoya high grafting and crown changing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Pruning: performing re-retraction on the changed annona squamosa in 2-4 months, selecting and reserving 2-4 branches which are uniformly distributed, controlling the height to be 60-80cm after retraction, cutting the rest branches from the base part, and protecting the bark of the rootstock from being damaged when cutting the branches;
(2) Selecting a grafting variety: selecting a sweetsop variety with high yield, high quality, good commodity and high economic benefit as a high-grafting variety;
(3) Scion grafting: selecting a parent tree which is strong in growth, full in bud eyes, high in yield, stable in yield and free of diseases and insect pests, cutting current-year or annual aged branches at the middle upper part of a crown as scions, cutting off leaves, reserving 3-4 buds for each scion, cutting the scions into lengths of 10-15cm, sterilizing the scions, preserving moisture, and storing in a shade place for later use;
(4) Grafting: selecting a rainy day, and paying attention to the moisture preservation of the scions to avoid water loss and reduce the survival rate; during grafting, a cutting grafting method or a cleft grafting method is adopted, a single-layer film is used for wrapping and grafting scion bud eyes, and the scion bud eyes can grow through the film after sprouting, so that the film picking procedure is reduced; after grafting, carrying out whole-tree spray sterilization treatment, and after the grafting cut is dried, coating a healing agent to protect the wound;
(5) And (4) management after connection: the adventitious buds at the lower part of the grafting opening are removed in time, the scion starts to sprout 20-30 days after grafting, and the bud picking is carried out when the buds are extracted and grow to 10-15 cm; selecting and reserving 2-3 strong young shoots without diseases and insect pests on each main branch, wherein the young shoots are uniformly distributed in all directions, and other branches are cut off; when the young shoots turn green for the second time and are fully aged, the film can be unbound; when the sprouts grow to 25-30cm, the vertical pillars are tied with young shoots to prevent wind from breaking; within 1 year of survival of grafting, removing flower buds on the scions so as to culture robust tree crowns;
(6) Trimming: when the scion grows to the 2 nd tip leaf and is aged, the length is 40-50 cm, the tip is fixed and the top is knocked, the branch is promoted, 2 buds which are strong in growth and reasonable in distribution are reserved, and the rest buds are removed; after the young shoots grow to 30-40 cm, topping again and reserving buds, grafting in the same year, topping and pruning in sequence, forming 4-6 branches for each scion, and quickly culturing to form tree crowns;
(7) Fertilizing: fertilizing 7-10 days before retracting and pruning, applying 15-20kg of organic fertilizer or farmyard manure per plant, and adding 0.5-1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant; after the grafting survives, the first batch of shoots are aged, the compound water-soluble fertilizer is applied, and then the compound water-soluble fertilizer is applied once every 1-2 months to promote the growth of new shoots; the concentration of the composite water soluble fertilizer is 1;
(8) And (3) pest control: after grafting survival, chemical and physical pest control is carried out to promote the growth of new shoots and prevent new leaves from being damaged.
2. The annona squamosa superior grafting and crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: selecting and reserving branches with the diameter of 1-5cm of 2-4 branches in the step (1), reserving the length of 15-20cm away from a branch opening, directly grafting after retraction, and shearing off oversize and undersize branches from the base of the branch.
3. The annona squamosa superior grafting and crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: the high graft variety in the step (2) is custard apple, AP sweetsop and custard apple.
4. The annona squamosa superior graft crown replacement method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: grafting the Annona maxima, the Annona ananas and the AP sweetsop according to the ratio of the number of the grafted plants of 1:2-3:1.
5. The annona squamosa superior grafting and crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) soaking the scions in 1000-1500 times of trichoderma harzianum solution for 1-2min, taking out the scions, draining, wrapping the scions with a wet towel, and storing the scions in a shade place for later use.
6. The annona squamosa superior grafting and crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the whole tree is sprayed with 800-1000 times of thiophanate methyl solution, 1000-1500 times of mancozeb or 800-1000 times of chlorothalothrin 2000-3000 times of chlorothalonil.
7. The annona squamosa superior grafting and crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) decocting 1 part of copper sulfate, 3 parts of lime and 15 parts of water into slurry, adding 0.5 part of animal oil and 1 part of plant ash, and uniformly mixing.
8. The annona squamosa top-grafting crown changing method according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: the healing agent is applied to incisions with a diameter of more than 2 cm to promote wound healing.
9. The annona squamosa superior grafting and crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: the chemical and physical pest control in the step (8) mainly comprises the following steps:
a. for thrips, whiteflies and spider pests, 2000-3000 times of liquid of deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin or imidacloprid is sprayed for prevention and control;
b. for leaf spot, 40% tebuconazole pyrazole is adopted;
c. 20% of fluconazole hydroxylamine is adopted for the scab;
d. the anthracnose adopts 1500-2000 times of solution of mancozeb;
e. besides the drug prevention and treatment, physical prevention and treatment are also needed, and the damaged branch tips are intensively destroyed and deeply buried to reduce the sources of diseases and insects.
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