CN112470731A - Method for improving mango high-branch grafting survival rate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting, wherein a regulator I is sprayed on a scion tree body to be scion collected before the scion is collected; before grafting, digging an annular ditch around a tree body of the stock to be subjected to high branch grafting, and burying and applying a regulator II; trimming the crown before grafting; during high branch grafting, after cutting the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, dipping beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution to respectively coat the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, and then jointing the cuts of the scion and the rootstock for grafting; and spraying a regulator III on the whole plant after grafting. By adopting the method, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is improved from 30-40% to 65-85% under the condition of low affinity degree between the stock variety and the scion variety, the speed of basically healing the grafting opening is improved by more than 10-15 days compared with the conventional method, the scion does not need to be unbound after being newly drawn out, the appearance of the grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving mango high-branch grafting survival rate, in particular to a method for improving mango high-branch grafting survival rate under the condition of low affinity degree between a stock variety and a scion variety, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation.
Background
Mango is an important tropical fruit tree, has beautiful appearance, bright color and strong fragrance, is widely favored by consumers, and is called as a tropical king. Although mango occupies an important position in tropical fruit trees, because mango is a typical tropical crop and is sensitive to temperature, mango can be planted only in tropical and subtropical areas and is limited by climatic conditions, and the production area of mango is relatively limited. Traditionally, most of mangoes in China are planted in front of and behind houses in rural areas in tropical and subtropical regions, the large-scale mango planting in China starts relatively late, and the large-scale mango planting is developed only in provinces of hot areas such as Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and Sichuan in recent decades.
Although the history of mango large-scale planting in China is not long, mango varieties are complex and diverse, only more than 100 mango varieties exist in China, the difference among different varieties is obvious, and through decades of large-scale cultivation, many orchards face the problems of yield reduction, poor consistency, variety degradation, tree vigor decline and the like, and the phenomenon exists in different degrees in mango orchards of different provinces in the hot area of China. In addition, with the progress of breeding technology in recent years, new mango varieties emerge endlessly, the market demand of traditional mango varieties becomes smaller and smaller, and the selling price of traditional mango varieties also lingers at a low position. In order to improve the orchard income, more and more fruit growers begin to try to improve new varieties of mango orchards in a high-branch grafting mode.
Compared with direct orchard updating, the new orchard variety is improved by high branch grafting without cutting off the original fruit tree, digging holes again for field planting, cultivating the stock again, and the cost investment is far less than that of direct orchard updating; in addition, because the original big tree plant in the orchard is directly used as the stock for grafting in the high branch grafting process, the non-production period after grafting is obviously shortened, a plurality of orchards with better management can be put into production in the second year of the high branch grafting, and better yield can be obtained in the third year, so that the economic loss of fruit growers caused by orchard updating is reduced to a great extent.
Although high branch grafting is a relatively common orchard management technology, due to the unique physiological characteristics of mango, a series of problems still exist in high branch grafting, and the main problem is low grafting survival rate. In the process of improving high-branch grafted varieties in many orchards, due to low survival rate, repeated grafting is caused, so that the labor cost is increased slightly, the growth vigor of grafted trees is inconsistent, and branches of stocks die even the whole plants die seriously, thereby causing great economic loss.
Different from conventional grafting, the high branch grafting aims at the large mango tree cultivated in the open air, and is operated in situ, and unlike conventional seedling grafting, the stock can be transplanted into a greenhouse with controllable conditions so as to avoid rain, microbial infection and the like. The existing mango high-branch grafting technology is similar to the ordinary seedling grafting technology, the stock and the scion tree body are not treated before grafting, the scion is directly cut and then soaked or smeared by a sterilization liquid medicine, then grafting is carried out in a cleft grafting or combined grafting mode, and then a grafting film is used for wrapping, although the technology is used for decades, the overall grafting survival rate is still low, and particularly under the condition that the affinity degree between the stock variety and the scion variety is low, the grafting survival rate is only 30% -40%.
The low survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is mainly caused by the following reasons: firstly, the compatibility between the stock variety and the scion variety is not enough, and the water and nutrient exchange between the stock cut and the scion cut is not enough, so that enough callus can not be formed; secondly, after the crown of the stock is cut off during grafting, the transpiration effect is weakened, the moisture and nutrient substances transported to the cut part of the stock are insufficient, the stock is easy to splash to the graft port if watered, the grafting survival rate is greatly reduced, and the grafting survival rate is also reduced if the stock is not watered and is limited by the insufficiency of the moisture and nutrient substances at the cut part of the stock; thirdly, in order to prevent microbial infection, the cut scions are often soaked or smeared with a sterilization liquid medicine to damage dormant bud points of the scions, the liquid medicine is also easily soaked into scion tissues from the cuts at the two ends of the scions to influence the vitality of the scions, and further the survival rate of high-branch grafting is low; and fourthly, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is influenced by the influence of environmental conditions, such as the water inflow of a grafting opening caused by outside rainfall, the sudden change of outside temperature and the like.
Aiming at the problem of low mango high branch grafting survival rate due to low affinity degree between a mango high branch grafting variety and a rootstock variety and a scion variety, no reported technical means can overcome the problem at present, and particularly the four reasons causing the problem can be overcome at the same time, so that the technology is yet to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the mango high-branch grafting survival rate, so that the mango high-branch grafting survival rate is improved under the condition of low affinity degree between a stock variety and a scion variety.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for improving mango high branch grafting survival rate comprises the following steps:
step (1), spraying a regulator I for 1 time respectively to a scion tree body to be scion collection 15 days and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2-3L;
digging an annular ditch around a tree body of the stock to be subjected to high branch grafting 14-21 days before grafting, and burying and applying a regulator II; 1-3 days before grafting, trimming the crown of the tree in a mode of sawing off the upper ends of branches until the height of the tree is less than or equal to 1.5m and the diameter of the crown is less than or equal to 1.8 m;
step (3), in high branch grafting, after cutting the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, dipping 10000 plus 20000U/g beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution to respectively coat the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, coating for 1 time every 3-10min, coating for 3 times totally, after coating for 1 time, jointing the cuts of the scion and the cuts of the rootstock for grafting when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the cuts is not dried;
step (4), within 3-10min after the step (3) is completed, covering the scion and the stock with a paper bag with an opening at one end, tightly binding the opening of the bag, and inflating the paper bag before tight binding to ensure that the bound paper bag is in a bulging state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 1-3 days after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 1-2L;
and (6) after 5-7 days after the step (4) is finished, unfastening and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, replacing the aluminum foil paper bag with a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag to cover the scion and the stock, inflating the bag before tight binding, ensuring that the bound light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a bulging state, and finishing the whole process.
The regulator I in the step (1) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 portions of distilled water,
5-10 parts of pyraclostrobin with effective content of 25%,
5-10 parts of 0.01% brassinolide wettable powder,
10-20 parts of 98% monopotassium phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 15-30 × 10 with effective content of 0.4%-6And (4) portions are obtained.
The regulator II in the step (2) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass and is buried in each stock tree body:
2.0-4.0kg of agricultural and forestry drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the sodium polyacrylate content of 98 percent, 8-10kg of bio-organic fertilizer with the effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/g and organic matter of more than or equal to 45 percent purchased in the market, and P2O52.5-4.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO of more than or equal to 8 percent and the content of CaO of more than or equal to 25 percent, 200g of 3 percent chlorpyrifos granules, 3-5g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 5-8g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g and 10-20g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g.
The paper bag in the step (4) is a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag, and the thickness of the paper bag is 0.03-0.05 mm.
The regulator III in the step (5) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
10-12 parts of tebuconazole suspending agent with 430g/L of active ingredient,
10-12 parts of abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent with abamectin content of 3% and spirodiclofen content of 30%,
10-15 parts of hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl with hexaconazole content of 5% and kresoxim-methyl content of 25%.
The light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag in the step (6) is a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag with the thickness of 0.03-0.05mm, and the opening of the light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag can be automatically bound.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) before grafting, the rootstock tree body and the scion tree body are correspondingly treated, enough nutrition is accumulated on the rootstock and the scion, and moisture supply of the rootstock tree body is sufficient under the condition that watering is inconvenient; the application of the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution overcomes the incompatibility between the rootstock and the scion to a certain extent, and promotes the conversion of nutrient substances at the grafting opening and the healing of the grafting opening; after grafting, the tin-coated paper bag not only isolates the external moisture from entering, but also prevents the temperature of the grafting opening from changing sharply, and the better sealing property is also beneficial to spraying sterilization or insecticide on the whole plant after grafting; the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting under the condition of low affinity degree between the stock variety and the scion variety is improved from 30-40% to 65-85%, and is improved by more than 1 time.
2) The replaced inflatable degradable transparent plastic bag provides enough temperature for the grafting opening, thereby being beneficial to healing the grafting opening, isolating the external moisture from entering, having better sealing performance, being beneficial to spraying sterilization or insecticide on the whole grafted plant and improving the survival rate; in addition, the scion is not required to be unbound after being newly drawn out, the degradable transparent plastic bags sleeved at the upper ends of the scion and the stock start to degrade after 3-4 months, and the risk that the binding tapes are retained inside the grafting openings to cause the trees to grow up and then break due to wind damage does not exist.
3) The sprouting starts 15 to 20 days after the grafting, the grafting opening is basically healed after 3 to 4 months, the speed of basically finishing the healing of the grafting opening is improved by more than 10 to 15 days compared with the conventional method, the appearance of the healed grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method is adopted to carry out high branch grafting by taking plants with 12 years of age of traditional mango varieties YNM-107 as rootstocks and new mango varieties YNM-341 as scions. The method comprises the following steps:
respectively spraying a regulator I for 1 time to a scion tree body to be scion collection 15 days before and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 3L: the regulator I is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 portions of distilled water,
5 portions of pyraclostrobin with effective content of 25 percent,
5 portions of 0.01 percent brassinolide wettable powder,
10 portions of 98 percent monopotassium phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 30X 10 with effective content of 0.4%-6Preparing;
digging an annular ditch around a tree body of a stock to be subjected to high branch grafting 21 days before grafting, and burying and applying a regulator II; 1-3 days before grafting, trimming the crown of the tree in a mode of sawing off the upper ends of branches until the height of the tree is less than or equal to 1.5m and the diameter of the crown is less than or equal to 1.8 m; the regulator II is prepared by mixing the following components by mass and is buried in each stock tree:
2.0kg of agricultural and forestry drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the sodium polyacrylate content of 98 percent, 8kg of commercial bioorganic fertilizer with the effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram and organic matter of more than or equal to 45 percent, and P2O52.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO of more than or equal to 8 percent and the content of CaO of more than or equal to 25 percent, 150g of chlorpyrifos granules with the content of 3 percent, 5g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 8g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g and 20g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/.
Step (3), in high branch grafting, after cutting the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, dipping 20000U/g beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution by using a writing brush to respectively coat the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, coating the cuts for 1 time every 3min, coating the cuts for 3 times totally, and after coating the cuts for 1 time, jointing the cuts of the scion and the cuts of the rootstock for grafting when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the cuts is not dried;
within 10min after the step (4) is finished, sleeving the scion and the stock with a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag with one end being open and the thickness being 0.05mm, tightly binding a bag opening at a position 10cm below the grafting opening along the periphery of the stock by using a nylon self-locking binding belt, and inflating the aluminum foil paper bag before binding, so as to ensure that the bound aluminum foil paper bag is in a bulging state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 3 days after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2L; the regulator III is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
10 portions of tebuconazole suspending agent with 430g/L of active ingredient,
10 portions of avermectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent with 3 percent of avermectin content and 30 percent of spirodiclofen content,
10 portions of hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl with hexaconazole content of 5 percent and kresoxim-methyl content of 25 percent.
And (6) after 7 days after the step (4) is finished, unfastening and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, replacing the aluminum foil paper bag with a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag which can be automatically bound at the opening, wherein the thickness of the light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is 0.05mm, sleeving the scion and the stock, inflating the bag before binding, ensuring that the bound light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a bulging state, and finishing the whole process.
Under the condition that the affinity degree between the mango rootstock variety YNM-107 and the mango scion variety YNM-341 is low, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is 80%, which is 1 time higher than that of the prior art (the survival rate is 40%). In addition, the scion is not required to be unbound after being slightly drawn out, the degradable transparent plastic bags sleeved at the upper ends of the scion and the stock start to degrade after 3.5 months, and the risk that the binding belt is grown in the grafting opening to cause the tree body to grow and then break due to wind damage does not exist. Sprouting begins 20 days after grafting, the grafting opening is basically healed after 3.5 months, the speed of basically healing the grafting opening is improved by 10 days compared with the conventional method, the appearance of the healed grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Example 2
The method is adopted to carry out high branch grafting by taking a plant with the age of 15 years of the traditional mango variety YNM-099 as a rootstock and a new mango variety YNM-343 as a scion. The method comprises the following steps:
respectively spraying a regulator I for 1 time to a scion tree body to be scion collection 15 days before and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2L: the regulator I is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 portions of distilled water,
10 portions of pyraclostrobin with effective content of 25 percent,
10 portions of 0.01 percent brassinolide wettable powder,
20 portions of 98 percent monopotassium phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 15X 10 with effective content of 0.4%-6Preparing;
digging an annular ditch around a tree body of a stock to be subjected to high branch grafting 14 days before grafting, and burying and applying a regulator II; 1-3 days before grafting, trimming the crown of the tree in a mode of sawing off the upper ends of branches until the height of the tree is less than or equal to 1.5m and the diameter of the crown is less than or equal to 1.8 m; the regulator II is prepared by mixing the following components by mass and is buried in each stock tree:
4.0kg of agricultural and forestry drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the sodium polyacrylate content of 98 percent, 10kg of bio-organic fertilizer with the effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram and the organic matter of more than or equal to 45 percent, and P2O54.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO of more than or equal to 8 percent and the content of CaO of more than or equal to 25 percent, 200g of chlorpyrifos granules with the content of 3 percent, 3g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 5g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g and 10g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/.
Step (3), in high branch grafting, after cutting the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, dipping 15000U/g beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution by using a writing brush, respectively coating the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, coating the cuts for 1 time every 8min, coating the cuts for 3 times in total, and after coating the cuts for 1 time, jointing the cuts of the scion and the cuts of the rootstock for grafting when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the cuts is not dried;
within 7min after the step (4) is finished, sleeving the scion and the stock with a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag with one end being open and the thickness being 0.03mm, tightly binding a bag opening at a position 10cm below the grafting opening along the periphery of the stock by using a nylon self-locking binding belt, and inflating the aluminum foil paper bag before binding, so as to ensure that the bound aluminum foil paper bag is in a bulging state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 2 days after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 1.5L; the regulator III is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
12 portions of tebuconazole suspending agent with the effective component content of 430g/L,
12 portions of avermectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent with 3 percent of avermectin and 30 percent of spirodiclofen,
15 portions of hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl with hexaconazole content of 5 percent and kresoxim-methyl content of 25 percent.
And (6) after 5 days after the step (4) is finished, unfastening and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, replacing the aluminum foil paper bag with a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag which can be automatically bound at the opening, sleeving the scion and the stock with the thickness of 0.03mm, inflating the bag before binding, ensuring that the bound light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a bulging state, and finishing the whole process.
Under the condition that the affinity degree between the mango rootstock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343 is low, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is 65%, which is 1.167 times higher than that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30%). In addition, the scion is not required to be unbound after being newly drawn out, the degradable transparent plastic bags sleeved at the upper ends of the scion and the stock start to degrade after 3 months, and the risk that the binding belt is grown in the grafting opening to cause the tree body to grow and then break due to wind damage does not exist. The bud is started 15 days after grafting, the grafting opening is basically healed after 3 months, the speed of basically healing the grafting opening is improved by 15 days compared with the conventional method, the appearance of the healed grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Example 3
The method is adopted to carry out high branch grafting by taking a plant with the age of 15 years of the traditional mango variety YNM-099 as a rootstock and a new mango variety YNM-343 as a scion. The method comprises the following steps:
respectively spraying a regulator I for 1 time to a scion tree body to be scion collection 15 days before and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2L: the regulator I is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 portions of distilled water,
8 portions of pyraclostrobin with effective content of 25 percent,
8 portions of 0.01 percent brassinolide wettable powder,
15 portions of 98 percent monopotassium phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 20X 10 with effective content of 0.4%-6Preparing;
digging an annular ditch around a tree body of a stock to be subjected to high branch grafting 14 days before grafting, and burying and applying a regulator II; 1-3 days before grafting, trimming the crown of the tree in a mode of sawing off the upper ends of branches until the height of the tree is less than or equal to 1.5m and the diameter of the crown is less than or equal to 1.8 m; the regulator II is prepared by mixing the following components by mass and is buried in each stock tree:
4.0kg of agricultural and forestry drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the sodium polyacrylate content of 98 percent, 10kg of bio-organic fertilizer with the effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram and the organic matter of more than or equal to 45 percent, and P2O53.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the content of more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO of more than or equal to 8 percent and the content of CaO of more than or equal to 25 percent, 200g of chlorpyrifos granules with the content of 3 percent, 3g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 5g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g and 10g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of live bacteria of more than or equal to 50 hundred million/.
Step (3), in high branch grafting, after cutting the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, dipping 10000U/g of beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution by using a writing brush to respectively coat the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, coating the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution for 1 time every 10min for 3 times, and after the last coating for 1 time, jointing the cuts of the scion and the cuts of the rootstock for grafting when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the cuts is not dried;
step (4), within 3min after the step (3) is completed, sleeving the scion and the stock with a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag with one end being open and the thickness being 0.03mm, tightly binding a bag opening at a position 10cm below the grafting opening along the periphery of the stock by using a nylon self-locking strapping tape, and inflating the aluminum foil paper bag before binding, so as to ensure that the strapped aluminum foil paper bag is in a bulging state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 1 day after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 1L; the regulator III is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
11 parts of tebuconazole suspending agent with the active ingredient content of 430g/L,
11 parts of abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent with abamectin content of 3 percent and spirodiclofen content of 30 percent,
13 portions of hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl with hexaconazole content of 5 percent and kresoxim-methyl content of 25 percent.
And (6) after 6 days after the step (4) is finished, unfastening and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, replacing the aluminum foil paper bag with a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag which can be automatically bound at the opening, sleeving the scion and the stock with the thickness of 0.03mm, inflating the bag before binding, ensuring that the bound light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a bulging state, and finishing the whole process.
Under the condition that the affinity degree between the mango rootstock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343 is low, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is 81 percent, which is 1.7 times higher than that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30 percent). In addition, the scion is not required to be unbound after being newly drawn out, the degradable transparent plastic bags sleeved at the upper ends of the scion and the stock start to degrade after 3 months, and the risk that the binding belt is grown in the grafting opening to cause the tree body to grow and then break due to wind damage does not exist. The bud is started 15 days after grafting, the grafting opening is basically healed after 3 months, the speed of basically healing the grafting opening is improved by 15 days compared with the conventional method, the appearance of the healed grafting opening is smoother, and the probability of suffering from microbial diseases in the later period is reduced.
Comparative example 1
As in example 2, only step (1) and step (2) in example 2 were omitted, and the results show that: under the condition of low affinity degree between the mango rootstock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is 45%, which is only 0.5 times higher than that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30%).
The reason is that: enough nutrient substances are not absorbed and accumulated by the scion and the rootstock, the nutrient in the soil near the root system of the rootstock lacks the activation of bacillus, and the water supply is limited after the high branch grafting of the rootstock, so that the grafting survival rate is lower than that of the example 2.
Comparative example 2
As in example 2, only step (3) in example 2 was omitted, and the results showed that: under the condition of low affinity degree between the mango rootstock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is 36%, which is only 0.2 times higher than that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30%).
The reason is that: the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase is lacked as a key substance, the incompatibility phenomenon at the cuts of the rootstock and the scion is not fully broken, and the callus development of the grafting opening is not good enough.
Comparative example 3
As in example 2, only step (4) in example 2 was omitted, and the results showed that: under the condition of low affinity degree between the mango rootstock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is 3 percent, which is only one tenth of that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30 percent).
The reason is that: the grafted scion and the upper end of the stock are not sleeved with cylindrical aluminum foil paper bags, and are not bound by a grafting film like the prior art, natural precipitation is immersed, most grafting ports and callus can not normally develop, so the survival rate of high branch grafting is extremely low.
Comparative example 4
As in example 2, only step (5) in example 2 was omitted, and the results showed that: under the condition of low affinity degree between the mango rootstock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is 66%, which is 1.2 times higher than that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30%).
The reason is that: the whole plant is not sterilized after grafting, and the stock plant is susceptible to diseases under the condition that branches and leaves of the stock plant are cut off after grafting, so that the grafting survival rate is lower than that of the example 2.
Comparative example 5
As in example 2, only step (6) in example 2 was omitted, and the results showed that: under the condition of low affinity degree between the mango rootstock variety YNM-099 and the mango scion variety YNM-343, the survival rate of mango high-branch grafting is 6 percent, which is only one fifth of that of the prior art (the survival rate is 30 percent).
The reason is that: after the aluminum foil paper bag is removed, the transparent plastic bag is not coated with the lustering/biological double-degradation type plastic bag, and the grafting film is not used for binding like the prior art, although part of calluses of the grafting openings begin to develop, most of the grafting openings still die due to the fact that natural precipitation is immersed after the aluminum foil paper bag is removed, and therefore the survival rate of high branch grafting is extremely low.
Comparative example 6
The same stock and scion varieties as those in example 2 are adopted, and high branch grafting is carried out by the conventional operation technology, and the steps are as follows: before grafting, the stock and the scion tree body are not treated, the scion is directly cut and soaked in 0.1-0.3% carbendazim wettable powder liquid medicine, then grafting is carried out by adopting a cleft grafting mode, and then a PVC grafting film with the width of 5cm is used for wrapping, and then conventional management is adopted. Because the compatibility degree between the stock variety and the scion variety is lower, the grafting survival rate is only 30 percent.
The high branch grafting effect of each example and the comparative example is compared
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving mango high branch grafting survival rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), spraying a regulator I for 1 time respectively to a scion tree body to be scion collection 15 days and 10 days before scion collection, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 2-3L;
digging an annular ditch around a tree body of the stock to be subjected to high branch grafting 14-21 days before grafting, and burying and applying a regulator II; 1-3 days before grafting, trimming the crown of the tree in a mode of sawing off the upper ends of branches until the height of the tree is less than or equal to 1.5m and the diameter of the crown is less than or equal to 1.8 m;
step (3), in high branch grafting, after cutting the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, dipping 10000 plus 20000U/g beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution to respectively coat the cuts of the rootstock and the scion, coating for 1 time every 3-10min, coating for 3 times totally, after coating for 1 time, jointing the cuts of the scion and the cuts of the rootstock for grafting when the beta-1, 3-1,4 glucanase solution on the cuts is not dried;
step (4), within 3-10min after the step (3) is completed, covering the scion and the stock with a paper bag with an opening at one end, tightly binding the opening of the bag, and inflating the paper bag before tight binding to ensure that the bound paper bag is in a bulging state;
step (5), spraying the regulator III for 1 time on the whole plant within 1-3 days after the step (4) is completed, wherein the spraying amount of each plant is 1-2L;
and (6) after 5-7 days after the step (4) is finished, unfastening and taking down the aluminum foil paper bag, replacing the aluminum foil paper bag with a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag to cover the scion and the stock, inflating the bag before tight binding, ensuring that the bound light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag is in a bulging state, and finishing the whole process.
2. The method for improving mango high-branch grafting survival rate according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the regulator I in the step (1) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
10000 portions of distilled water,
5-10 parts of pyraclostrobin with effective content of 25%,
5-10 parts of 0.01% brassinolide wettable powder,
10-20 parts of 98% monopotassium phosphate,
1-methylcyclopropene 15-30 × 10 with effective content of 0.4%-6And (4) portions are obtained.
3. The method for improving mango high-branch grafting survival rate according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the regulator II in the step (2) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass and is buried in each stock tree body:
2.0-4.0kg of agricultural and forestry drought-resistant water-retaining agent with the sodium polyacrylate content of 98 percent, 8-10kg of bio-organic fertilizer with the effective viable count of more than or equal to 3 hundred million/g and organic matter of more than or equal to 45 percent purchased in the market, and P2O5Calcium magnesium with content not less than 12%, MgO content not less than 8% and CaO content not less than 25%2.5-4.0kg of phosphate fertilizer, 150-200g of 3% chlorpyrifos granules, 3-5g of bacillus subtilis powder with the total number of live bacteria more than or equal to 1000 hundred million/g, 5-8g of bacillus megaterium powder with the total number of live bacteria more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g and 10-20g of bacillus mucilaginosus with the total number of live bacteria more than or equal to 50 hundred million/g.
4. The method for improving mango high-branch grafting survival rate according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the paper bag in the step (4) is a cylindrical aluminum foil paper bag, and the thickness of the paper bag is 0.03-0.05 mm.
5. The method for improving mango high-branch grafting survival rate according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the regulator III in the step (5) is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by mass:
50000 parts of distilled water,
10-12 parts of tebuconazole suspending agent with 430g/L of active ingredient,
10-12 parts of abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent with abamectin content of 3% and spirodiclofen content of 30%,
10-15 parts of hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl with hexaconazole content of 5% and kresoxim-methyl content of 25%.
6. The method for improving mango high-branch grafting survival rate according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag in the step (6) is a light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag with the thickness of 0.03-0.05mm, and the opening of the light/biological double-degradation type transparent plastic bag can be automatically bound.
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| CN114680140A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-01 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Medicament for improving melon grafting effect and preparation method and application thereof |
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