CN106332723B - Tree body management method for improving mango fruit uniformity - Google Patents
Tree body management method for improving mango fruit uniformity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity. The method comprises the steps of heavily pruning after picking fruits for 20-30d, burying and applying bio-organic fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, magnesium sulfate and chlorpyrifos granules, and irrigating water for each plant every 15-20 days. And (4) pruning for 20-30 days, then bud picking, and applying a trace element foliar fertilizer for 2 times. After 35-45 days of bud picking, controlling water, spraying paclobutrazol, Silwet L-77, amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, tebuconazole, abamectin, spirodiclofen suspension and boric fertilizer. After the inflorescence grows, the inconsistent inflorescence is cut off, and gibberellic acid, amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and pollination seat fruit essence are sprayed in the full-bloom stage. And (3) cutting out inconsistent fruits after the second physiological fruit drop, spraying zinc thiazole, hexaconazole, kresoxim-methyl, thiacloprid, high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent and lion-horse red leaf fertilizer, and bagging. When the fruits are ripe six to seven, the sun-shading leaves of the fruits are cut off, and when the fruits are ripe seven to eight, the fruits are picked, so that the high-quality mango fruits with uniform maturity, size and color can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tree management of agricultural and forestry cash crops, and particularly relates to a tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity.
Background
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the important tropical and subtropical fruits, belongs to the high arbors of the family Anacardiaceae (Anacardiaceae) mango (Mangifera), has been cultivated for more than 4000 years, and is one of the fruit trees with the longest cultivation history in the world. Mango is cultivated in more than 100 countries in the world, spans between 30 degrees of north and south latitude, is mainly distributed in southeast Asia countries and regions such as India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the like, and is called tropical fruit king because of wide distribution, beautiful fruit shape, fragrant and sweet taste and rich nutrition. At home and abroad, more than 1000 mango varieties are bred, and about 300 mango varieties are planted in a large scale. The mango planting area in China mainly comprises: in provinces such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan and Fujian, mango planting has become a tropical and subtropical zone and is one of the important supports of agricultural economy in parts of the provinces.
Because the flower bud differentiation period and the fruit development period of mangos are both longer, and the tip extraction and aging periods of bearing branches are inconsistent, key links in the fruit development and maturation process are very easily influenced by external environment, the periods of flowering, fruit setting and fruit maturation, the fruit shape and the fruit color and the like of the same variety of fruit garden even on the same tree have great differences, on one hand, the fruit harvesting period is longer, the fruits of the same tree need to be harvested for multiple rounds, so that the labor cost is increased, on the other hand, the fruits need to be manually sorted for convenient sale, storage and transportation due to the inconsistency of the fruit size and the fruit color, so that the benefits of the mango plantation are influenced to a great extent by the inconsistency of the fruit maturation period, the fruit size and the fruit color, and the adverse effect is caused to the industrial development. However, at present, no report related to a tree management technology for effectively and simultaneously improving the maturity, size and color uniformity of mango fruits exists, so that the tree management technology for improving the mango fruit uniformity is yet to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a tree management method capable of simultaneously improving the mature period, the fruit size and the fruit color uniformity of mango fruits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out heavy pruning within 20-30 days after fruit picking, carrying out short-cut on all branches of 4-level and above 4-level, and simultaneously pruning all inner bore branches, branches of above 5-level and lateral branches with the diameter of below 1.5 cm;
when pruning is carried out, annular fertilizing ditches are dug 10-15cm away from a dripping line of each plant, and then 15-20kg of biological organic fertilizer, 2.5-4.0kg of compound fertilizer, 2.0-3.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.6-1.2kg of magnesium sulfate and 150g of 100 +3% chlorpyrifos granules are buried in the annular fertilizing ditches of each plant;
then, performing pest control and killing of the moss on the tree body according to the conventional technology, and irrigating once every 15-20 days, wherein the irrigation quantity of each plant is 150-180 kg;
the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the N: P of the compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of the active carbon is more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of CaO is more than or equal to 25 percent;
the MgSO in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate4·7H2Containing of OThe amount is more than or equal to 99 percent;
step (2), after trimming for 20-30 days, a large number of new shoots are extracted, bud picking is carried out when the length of young shoots is 5-8cm, 2-4 new extracted young shoots are reserved on each mother branch, and then all the newly germinated young shoots on the mother branches need to be erased; the shoots germinated on the inner bore branches, the insect-disease branches and the dense branches need to be completely removed;
while the conventional management is carried out, 1000 times of liquid of zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement replenisher and 1000 times of liquid of boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed for two times at an interval of 1 week, the spraying amount of each time is preferably that the leaf surface is wet, and no water is dripped;
step (3), stopping irrigation after 35-45 days after bud picking is finished, then spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 300-fold liquid, 0.1-0.3% Silwet L-77 organic silicon assistant, 1000-fold liquid of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 5000-fold liquid of tebuconazole suspending agent, 7000-fold liquid of avermectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent 4500-fold liquid, 1000-fold liquid of boron fertilizer, spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is preferably that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 430 g/L;
the abamectin content in the abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is 3 percent, and the spirodiclofen content is 30 percent;
the pure boron content of the boron fertilizer is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
step (4), after the inflorescence development period, cutting all other inflorescences except the inflorescences with the error within 2 weeks in the development period;
in the full-bloom stage, 20000-35000 times of gibberellic acid soluble granules, 1000-1500 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 800-1000 times of pollination seat fruit essence are sprayed, and the spraying amount is that the leaves are wet and no water drops;
the content of the effective component of the gibberellic acid soluble granules is 40%;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
after the fruits drop for the second time, 2-4 fruits with the same development degree are reserved in each inflorescence, and the rest fruits are cut off; the preserved fruits do not contain malformed fruits, insect pests and clustered fruits;
then spraying 500 times of liquid of zinc thiazole suspending agent, 3000 times of hexaconazole and kresoxim-methyl, 5000 times of liquid, 2500 times of liquid of thiacloprid and high-chlorine suspending agent, 4000 times of liquid and 1000 times of liquid of Shimahong leaf surface fertilizer, wherein the spraying amount is preferably that the leaf surfaces and fruits are completely sprayed with moisture and do not drip water; after the leaves and fruits are completely dried after being sprayed with the water, each fruit is separately bagged;
the content of the effective components of the thiazole zinc suspending agent is 20 percent;
the hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl contains 5 percent of hexaconazole and 25 percent of kresoxim-methyl;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent contains 20% of thiamethoxam and 10% of efficient cyhalothrin;
cutting off leaves at the sunshade position of the fruit when the fruits are ripe from six to seven, wherein the cutting-off position is 2-3cm from petioles to the base direction of the leaves; picking when the fruits are seven to eight ripe;
wherein, the step (4) and the step (5) are irrigated according to the traditional method.
Further, it is preferable that all the branches of the 4 th and higher orders are truncated as described in the step (1) until the length of the remaining portion is not more than 20 cm.
Further, it is preferable that the width of the annular fertilizing ditch in the step (1) is 30cm and the depth is 30 cm.
Further, it is preferable that the type of fruit bag adopted by the bagging in the step (5) is a single-layer double-color fruit bag.
Further, it is preferable that the spraying in the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5) is performed after 15:00 pm in cloudy or clear weather, and the spraying is performed again in 4 hours of raining.
The "+" sign used in the present invention is as generally understood in the art, and has no special meaning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by adopting the method, the uniformity of the same variety of fruits in the same mango garden in the mature period can be improved by 50 percent, and the mature period is shortened from the prior 2 weeks to 1 week;
(2) by adopting the method, the fruit picking frequency of the same tree can be reduced to be within 2 times from 3 times (rounds), and the labor cost for fruit picking can be reduced by more than 33%;
(3) the method can improve the uniformity of the size of the fruits of the same variety in the same mango garden from the prior range of plus or minus 30 percent to plus or minus 15 percent, so that the fruits are more convenient to pack, store and transport, the workload of manual sorting during fruit harvesting is obviously reduced, and the labor cost of fruit harvesting can be reduced by 5 percent; the uniformity of the fruit color is obviously higher than that of the traditional method;
(4) the method is easy to operate, the used materials are convenient to purchase, and the method is suitable for popularization and application in production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative of the invention only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available by purchase.
The percentage numbers represent mass percentages unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, the solvent in the solution is water, unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, the multiple of the solution represents the mass ratio of the solution to the solute, unless otherwise specified.
The biological organic fertilizer is a functional biological organic fertilizer of Shishdanli brand, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/g, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the compound fertilizer is Shidanli compound fertilizer, N: P2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is Jingzhu calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer P2O5≥12%+MgO≥8%+CaO≥25%；
The magnesium sulfate is heptahydrate magnesium sulfate, MgSO4·7H2O≥99%；
The 3% chlorpyrifos granule is competent tablet 3% chlorpyrifos granule;
the zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement supplement is a Jinono brand zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement supplement;
the boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer is a Cao Zhou brand boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer;
the 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder is Guoguang 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder;
the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is lviwate-dophyllol, the amino acid is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the tebuconazole suspending agent is a Han Xiang brand tebuconazole suspending agent, and the content of effective components is 430 g/L;
the avermectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is a Kanghuifeng avermectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent, and the content of active ingredients is 430 g/L;
the boron fertilizer is Bunong brand boron fertilizer, and the content of pure boron is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
the gibberellic acid soluble granules are Sanliu brand gibberellic acid soluble granules;
the pollination seat fruit essence is Taida brand pollination seat fruit essence;
the zinc thiazole suspending agent is a new Nongpai zinc thiazole suspending agent, and the content of effective components is 20 percent;
the hexazole-kresoxim-methyl is conyza-bonensis brand hexazole-kresoxim-methyl, the content of hexaconazole is 5 percent, and the content of kresoxim-methyl is 25 percent;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent is Noplet thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent, the content of thiamethoxam is 20%, and the content of efficient cyhalothrin is 10%;
the Shimahong foliar fertilizer is a German Kangpu Shimahong foliar fertilizer;
example 1
A tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity is characterized in that a variety Tainong No. 1 is selected to enter a tree which grows vigorously in the 6 th year of a full-production period, and the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out heavy pruning within 20-25 days after fruit picking, and carrying out truncation on all branches of level 4 and above level 4 until the length of a reserved part is not more than 20 cm; simultaneously pruning all inner bore branches, branches above 5 grades and lateral branches with the diameter of less than 1.5 cm;
when pruning, digging an annular fertilizing ditch 10-12cm away from a dripping line of each plant, wherein the width of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30 cm; then burying 15kg of biological organic fertilizer, 2.5kg of compound fertilizer, 2.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.6kg of magnesium sulfate and 100g of 3% chlorpyrifos granules in the annular fertilizing ditch of each plant;
then, performing pest control and killing of the moss on the tree body according to a conventional technology, and irrigating once every 15 days, wherein the irrigation quantity of each plant is 150 kg;
the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the N: P of the compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of the active carbon is more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of CaO is more than or equal to 25 percent;
the MgSO in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate4·7H2The content of O is more than or equal to 99 percent;
step (2), after trimming for 20-30 days, a large number of new shoots are extracted, bud picking is carried out when the length of young shoots is 5-8cm, 2-4 new extracted young shoots are reserved on each mother branch, and then all the newly germinated young shoots on the mother branches need to be erased; the shoots germinated on the inner bore branches, the insect-disease branches and the dense branches need to be completely removed;
during conventional management, spraying 800 times of the zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement replenisher and 800 times of the boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer every time, wherein the spraying time is 1 week, and the spraying amount is preferably that the leaves are wet and do not drip water;
step (3), stopping irrigation 35-40 days after bud picking, spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 300 times liquid, 0.1% Silwet L-77 organic silicon assistant, amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer 1000 times liquid, tebuconazole suspending agent 5000 times liquid, abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent 4500 times liquid and boric fertilizer 1000 times liquid, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 430 g/L;
the abamectin content in the abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is 3 percent, and the spirodiclofen content is 30 percent;
the pure boron content of the boron fertilizer is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
step (4), after the inflorescence development period, cutting all other inflorescences except the inflorescences with the error within 2 weeks in the development period;
in the full-bloom stage, 20000 times of gibberellic acid soluble granules, 1000 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 800 times of pollinating seat fruit essence are sprayed for one time, and the spraying amount is that the leaf surfaces are sprayed with moisture and no water drops are generated;
the content of the effective component of the gibberellic acid soluble granules is 40%;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
after the fruits drop for the second time, 2-4 fruits with the same development degree are reserved in each inflorescence, and the rest fruits are cut off; the preserved fruits do not contain malformed fruits, insect pests and clustered fruits;
then spraying 300 times of a thiazole zinc suspending agent, 3000 times of a hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl solution, 2500 times of a thiacloprid-high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent and 500 times of a lion-horse red leaf fertilizer, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is suitable for completely spraying the leaves and the fruits wet and not dripping water; after the sprayed leaves and fruits are completely dried, each fruit is separately bagged, and the type of the fruit bag is a single-layer double-color bag.
The content of the effective components of the thiazole zinc suspending agent is 20 percent;
the hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl contains 5 percent of hexaconazole and 25 percent of kresoxim-methyl;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent contains 20% of thiamethoxam and 10% of efficient cyhalothrin;
cutting off leaves at the sunshade position of the fruit when the fruits are ripe from six to seven, wherein the cutting-off position is 2-3cm from petioles to the base direction of the leaves; picking when the fruits are seven to eight ripe;
wherein, the step (4) and the step (5) are irrigated according to the traditional method.
In the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), spraying needs to be carried out after 15:00 pm in cloudy days or sunny days, and spraying needs to be carried out again if raining is carried out within 4 hours.
Compared with mango trees of the same variety and the same tree age and in the same orchard, which do not adopt the technology for tree management, the method disclosed by the invention improves the uniformity of the mature period of the fruits by 50%, and shortens the mature period from the existing 2 weeks to 1 week; the fruit picking frequency of the same tree is reduced from 3 times to 2 times, and the labor cost for fruit picking is reduced by 33.33%; the size uniformity of the fruits is improved to +/-13% from the existing +/-35%, so that the fruits are more convenient to pack, store and transport, the workload of manual sorting during fruit picking is obviously reduced, and the labor cost of fruit picking is reduced by 5%; the uniformity of the fruit color is obviously higher than that of the traditional method; the single plant output value is improved by 5 percent by deducting the expenses of various fertilizers, pesticides and equipment required by the method.
Example 2
A tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity is characterized in that a variety of large white jade is selected to enter a tree which grows vigorously in the 6 th year of the full-production period, and the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out heavy pruning within 25-30 days after fruit picking, and carrying out truncation on all branches of level 4 and above level 4 until the length of a reserved part is not more than 20 cm; simultaneously pruning all inner bore branches, branches above 5 grades and lateral branches with the diameter of less than 1.5 cm;
when pruning, digging an annular fertilizing ditch 13-15cm away from a dripping line for each plant, wherein the width of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30 cm; then burying 20kg of biological organic fertilizer, 4.0kg of compound fertilizer, 3.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.2kg of magnesium sulfate and 150g of 3% chlorpyrifos granules in the annular fertilizing ditch of each plant;
then, performing pest control and killing of the moss on the tree body according to a conventional technology, and irrigating once every 20 days, wherein the irrigation quantity of each plant is 180 kg;
the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the N: P of the compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of the active carbon is more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of CaO is more than or equal to 25 percent;
the MgSO in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate4·7H2The content of O is more than or equal to 99 percent;
step (2), after trimming for 20-30 days, a large number of new shoots are extracted, bud picking is carried out when the length of young shoots is 5-8cm, 2-4 new extracted young shoots are reserved on each mother branch, and then all the newly germinated young shoots on the mother branches need to be erased; the shoots germinated on the inner bore branches, the insect-disease branches and the dense branches need to be completely removed;
spraying 1000 times of solution of the zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement replenisher and 1000 times of solution of the boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer every time while performing conventional management, wherein the spraying time is 1 week, and the spraying amount is preferably that the leaves are wet and do not drip water;
step (3), stopping irrigation after 40-45 days after bud picking is finished, then spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 500-fold liquid, 0.3% Silwet L-77 organic silicon auxiliary agent, amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer 1500-fold liquid, tebuconazole suspending agent 7000-fold liquid, abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent 5000-fold liquid and boric fertilizer 1500-fold liquid, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 430 g/L;
the abamectin content in the abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is 3 percent, and the spirodiclofen content is 30 percent;
the pure boron content of the boron fertilizer is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
step (4), after the inflorescence development period, cutting all other inflorescences except the inflorescences with the error within 2 weeks in the development period;
in the full-bloom stage, spraying 35000 times of gibberellic acid soluble granules, 1500 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 1000 times of pollination fruit-setting essence once, wherein the spraying amount is that the leaves are wet and do not drip water;
the content of the effective component of the gibberellic acid soluble granules is 40%;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
after the fruits drop for the second time, 2-4 fruits with the same development degree are reserved in each inflorescence, and the rest fruits are cut off; the preserved fruits do not contain malformed fruits, insect pests and clustered fruits;
then spraying 500 times of a thiazole zinc suspending agent, 5000 times of a hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl solution, 4000 times of a thiacloprid-high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent and 1000 times of a lion-horse red leaf surface fertilizer once, wherein the spraying amount is suitable for completely spraying the leaves and the fruits wet and not dripping water; after the sprayed leaves and fruits are completely dried, each fruit is separately bagged, and the type of the fruit bag is a single-layer double-color bag.
The content of the effective components of the thiazole zinc suspending agent is 20 percent;
the hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl contains 5 percent of hexaconazole and 25 percent of kresoxim-methyl;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent contains 20% of thiamethoxam and 10% of efficient cyhalothrin;
cutting off leaves at the sunshade position of the fruit when the fruits are ripe from six to seven, wherein the cutting-off position is 2-3cm from petioles to the base direction of the leaves; picking when the fruits are seven to eight ripe;
wherein, the step (4) and the step (5) are irrigated according to the traditional method.
In the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), spraying needs to be carried out after 15:00 pm in cloudy days or sunny days, and spraying needs to be carried out again if raining is carried out within 4 hours.
Compared with mango trees of the same variety and the same tree age and in the same orchard, which do not adopt the technology for tree management, the method disclosed by the invention improves the uniformity of the mature period of the fruits by 50%, and shortens the mature period from the existing 2 weeks to 1 week; the fruit picking frequency of the same tree is reduced from 3 times to 2 times, and the labor cost for fruit picking is reduced by 33.33%; the size uniformity of the fruits is improved to +/-12% from the existing +/-32%, the fruits are more convenient to pack, store and transport, the workload of manual sorting during fruit picking is obviously reduced, and the labor cost of fruit picking is reduced by 5%; the uniformity of the fruit color is obviously higher than that of the traditional method; the single plant output value is improved by 5 percent by deducting the expenses of various fertilizers, pesticides and equipment required by the method.
Example 3
A tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity is characterized in that a variety of large white jade is selected to enter a tree which grows vigorously in the 6 th year of the full-production period, and the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out heavy pruning within 22-28 days after fruit picking, and carrying out truncation on all branches of level 4 and above level 4 until the length of a reserved part is not more than 20 cm; simultaneously pruning all inner bore branches, branches above 5 grades and lateral branches with the diameter of less than 1.5 cm;
when pruning, digging an annular fertilizing ditch 10-15cm away from a dripping line for each plant, wherein the width of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30 cm; then burying 18kg of biological organic fertilizer, 3.2kg of compound fertilizer, 2.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.9kg of magnesium sulfate and 120g of 3% chlorpyrifos granules in the annular fertilizing ditch of each plant;
then, performing pest control and killing of the moss on the tree body according to a conventional technology, and irrigating once every 17 days, wherein the irrigation quantity of each plant is 160 kg;
the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the N: P of the compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of the active carbon is more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of CaO is more than or equal to 25 percent;
the MgSO in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate4·7H2The content of O is more than or equal to 99 percent;
step (2), after trimming for 20-30 days, a large number of new shoots are extracted, bud picking is carried out when the length of young shoots is 5-8cm, 2-4 new extracted young shoots are reserved on each mother branch, and then all the newly germinated young shoots on the mother branches need to be erased; the shoots germinated on the inner bore branches, the insect-disease branches and the dense branches need to be completely removed;
while the conventional management is carried out, 900 times of the liquid of the zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement replenisher and 900 times of the liquid of the boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed twice at an interval of 1 week, and the spraying amount of each time is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
step (3), stopping irrigation after 37-42 days of bud picking, spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 400 times liquid, 0.2% Silwet L-77 organic silicon assistant, 1300 times liquid of amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer, 6000 times liquid of tebuconazole suspending agent, 4800 times liquid of abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent and 1200 times liquid of boric fertilizer, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 430 g/L;
the abamectin content in the abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is 3 percent, and the spirodiclofen content is 30 percent;
the pure boron content of the boron fertilizer is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
step (4), after the inflorescence development period, cutting all other inflorescences except the inflorescences with the error within 2 weeks in the development period;
in the full-bloom stage, 30000 times of gibberellic acid soluble granules, 1200 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 900 times of pollinating seat fruit essence are sprayed once, and the spraying amount is that foliage is sprayed wet and no water drops are generated;
the content of the effective component of the gibberellic acid soluble granules is 40%;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
after the fruits drop for the second time, 2-4 fruits with the same development degree are reserved in each inflorescence, and the rest fruits are cut off; the preserved fruits do not contain malformed fruits, insect pests and clustered fruits;
then spraying 400 times of a thiazole zinc suspending agent, 4000 times of a hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl solution, 3000 times of a thiacloprid-high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent and 800 times of a lion-horse red foliar fertilizer, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is suitable for completely spraying the leaves and the fruits wet and not dripping water; after the sprayed leaves and fruits are completely dried, each fruit is separately bagged, and the type of the fruit bag is a single-layer double-color bag.
The content of the effective components of the thiazole zinc suspending agent is 20 percent;
the hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl contains 5 percent of hexaconazole and 25 percent of kresoxim-methyl;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent contains 20% of thiamethoxam and 10% of efficient cyhalothrin;
cutting off leaves at the sunshade position of the fruit when the fruits are ripe from six to seven, wherein the cutting-off position is 2-3cm from petioles to the base direction of the leaves; picking when the fruits are seven to eight ripe;
wherein, the step (4) and the step (5) are irrigated according to the traditional method.
In the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), spraying needs to be carried out after 15:00 pm in cloudy days or sunny days, and spraying needs to be carried out again if raining is carried out within 4 hours.
Compared with mango trees of the same variety and the same tree age and in the same orchard, which do not adopt the technology for tree management, the method disclosed by the invention improves the uniformity of the mature period of the fruits by 50%, and shortens the mature period from the existing 2 weeks to 1 week; the fruit picking frequency of the same tree is reduced from 3 times to 1 time, and the labor cost for fruit picking is reduced by 66.67%; the size uniformity of the fruits is improved to +/-13% from the existing +/-32%, so that the fruits are more convenient to pack, store and transport, the workload of manual sorting during fruit picking is obviously reduced, and the labor cost of fruit picking is reduced by 5%; the uniformity of the fruit color is obviously higher than that of the traditional method; the single plant output value is improved by 5 percent by deducting the expenses of various fertilizers, pesticides and equipment required by the method.
Comparative example 1
A tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity is characterized in that a variety of large white jade is selected to enter a tree which grows vigorously in the 6 th year of the full-production period, and the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out heavy pruning within 22-28 days after fruit picking, and carrying out truncation on all branches of level 4 and above level 4 until the length of a reserved part is not more than 20 cm; simultaneously pruning all inner bore branches, branches above 5 grades and lateral branches with the diameter of less than 1.5 cm;
when pruning, digging an annular fertilizing ditch 10-15cm away from a dripping line for each plant, wherein the width of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30 cm; then burying 18kg of biological organic fertilizer, 3.2kg of compound fertilizer, 2.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.9kg of magnesium sulfate and 120g of 3% chlorpyrifos granules in the annular fertilizing ditch of each plant;
then, performing pest control and killing of the moss on the tree body according to a conventional technology, and irrigating once every 17 days, wherein the irrigation quantity of each plant is 160 kg;
the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the N: P of the compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of the active carbon is more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of CaO is more than or equal to 25 percent;
the MgSO in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate4·7H2The content of O is more than or equal to 99 percent;
step (2), after 20-30 days of pruning, a large number of newly-extracted twigs are obtained, more than 4 newly-extracted twigs are reserved on each mother branch, and the newly-germinated twigs on the mother branch are not erased; the shoots germinated on the inner bore branches, the insect-disease branches and the dense branches need to be completely removed;
while the conventional management is carried out, 900 times of the liquid of the zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement replenisher and 900 times of the liquid of the boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed twice at an interval of 1 week, and the spraying amount of each time is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
step (3), continuing to irrigate according to a traditional method after 37-42 days of bud picking completion, then spraying 1300 times of liquid of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 6000 times of tebuconazole suspending agent, 4800 times of liquid of avermectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent and 1200 times of liquid of boron fertilizer once, wherein the spraying amount is that the leaf surface is wet sprayed and no water drops;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 430 g/L;
the abamectin content in the abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is 3 percent, and the spirodiclofen content is 30 percent;
the pure boron content of the boron fertilizer is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
step (4), after the inflorescence development period, cutting all other inflorescences except the inflorescences with the error within 2 weeks in the development period;
in the full-bloom stage, 30000 times of gibberellic acid soluble granules, 1200 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 900 times of pollinating seat fruit essence are sprayed once, and the spraying amount is that foliage is sprayed wet and no water drops are generated;
the content of the effective component of the gibberellic acid soluble granules is 40%;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
after the fruits drop for the second time, 2-4 fruits with the same development degree are reserved in each inflorescence, and the rest fruits are cut off; the preserved fruits do not contain malformed fruits, insect pests and clustered fruits;
then spraying 400 times of a thiazole zinc suspending agent, 4000 times of a hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl solution, 3000 times of a thiacloprid-high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent and 800 times of a lion-horse red foliar fertilizer, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is suitable for completely spraying the leaves and the fruits wet and not dripping water; after the sprayed leaves and fruits are completely dried, each fruit is separately bagged, and the type of the fruit bag is a single-layer double-color bag.
The content of the effective components of the thiazole zinc suspending agent is 20 percent;
the hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl contains 5 percent of hexaconazole and 25 percent of kresoxim-methyl;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent contains 20% of thiamethoxam and 10% of efficient cyhalothrin;
cutting off leaves at the sunshade position of the fruit when the fruits are ripe from six to seven, wherein the cutting-off position is 2-3cm from petioles to the base direction of the leaves; picking when the fruits are seven to eight ripe;
wherein, the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5) are irrigated according to a traditional method.
In the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), spraying needs to be carried out after 15:00 pm in cloudy days or sunny days, and spraying needs to be carried out again if raining is carried out within 4 hours.
Compared with the example 3, the method of the comparative example 1 has the advantages that the uniformity of the mature period of the fruit is not obviously improved compared with the traditional method, the mature period lasts for 2 weeks, and the mature period is not obviously shortened compared with the traditional method; the fruit picking times of the same tree are 3 times, and compared with the traditional method, the method has no obvious change, and the labor cost for fruit picking is not reduced; the size uniformity of the fruits is improved to +/-20% from the existing +/-32%, the fruits are more convenient to pack, store and transport, the workload of manual sorting during fruit picking is obviously reduced, and the labor cost of fruit picking is reduced by 2%; the uniformity of the fruit color is obviously higher than that of the traditional method; the single plant output value is improved by 5 percent by deducting the expenses of various fertilizers, pesticides and equipment required by the method.
Comparative example 2
A tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity is characterized in that a variety of large white jade is selected to enter a tree which grows vigorously in the 6 th year of the full-production period, and the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out conventional pruning within 22-28 days after fruit picking without pruning all inner bore branches, branches above 5 level and lateral branches with the diameter of less than 1.5 cm;
when pruning, digging an annular fertilizing ditch 10-15cm away from a dripping line for each plant, wherein the width of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30 cm; then burying 18kg of biological organic fertilizer, 3.2kg of compound fertilizer, 2.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.9kg of magnesium sulfate and 120g of 3% chlorpyrifos granules in the annular fertilizing ditch of each plant;
then, performing pest control and killing of the moss on the tree body according to a conventional technology, and irrigating once every 17 days, wherein the irrigation quantity of each plant is 160 kg;
the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the N: P of the compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of the active carbon is more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of CaO is more than or equal to 25 percent;
the MgSO in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate4·7H2The content of O is more than or equal to 99 percent;
step (2), after trimming for 20-30 days, a large number of new shoots are extracted, bud picking is carried out when the length of young shoots is 5-8cm, 2-4 new extracted young shoots are reserved on each mother branch, and then all the newly germinated young shoots on the mother branches need to be erased; the shoots germinated on the inner bore branches, the insect-disease branches and the dense branches need to be completely removed;
while the conventional management is carried out, 900 times of the liquid of the zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement replenisher and 900 times of the liquid of the boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed twice at an interval of 1 week, and the spraying amount of each time is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
step (3), stopping irrigation after 37-42 days of bud picking, spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 400 times liquid, 0.2% Silwet L-77 organic silicon assistant, 1300 times liquid of amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer, 6000 times liquid of tebuconazole suspending agent, 4800 times liquid of abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent and 1200 times liquid of boric fertilizer, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 430 g/L;
the abamectin content in the abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is 3 percent, and the spirodiclofen content is 30 percent;
the pure boron content of the boron fertilizer is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
step (4), after the inflorescence development period, cutting all other inflorescences except the inflorescences with the error within 2 weeks in the development period;
in the full-bloom stage, 30000 times of gibberellic acid soluble granules, 1200 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 900 times of pollinating seat fruit essence are sprayed once, and the spraying amount is that foliage is sprayed wet and no water drops are generated;
the content of the effective component of the gibberellic acid soluble granules is 40%;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
after the fruits drop for the second time, 2-4 fruits with the same development degree are reserved in each inflorescence, and the rest fruits are cut off; the preserved fruits do not contain malformed fruits, insect pests and clustered fruits;
then spraying 400 times of a thiazole zinc suspending agent, 4000 times of a hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl solution, 3000 times of a thiacloprid-high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent and 800 times of a lion-horse red foliar fertilizer, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is suitable for completely spraying the leaves and the fruits wet and not dripping water; after the sprayed leaves and fruits are completely dried, each fruit is separately bagged, and the type of the fruit bag is a single-layer double-color bag.
The content of the effective components of the thiazole zinc suspending agent is 20 percent;
the hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl contains 5 percent of hexaconazole and 25 percent of kresoxim-methyl;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent contains 20% of thiamethoxam and 10% of efficient cyhalothrin;
cutting off leaves at the sunshade position of the fruit when the fruits are ripe from six to seven, wherein the cutting-off position is 2-3cm from petioles to the base direction of the leaves; picking when the fruits are seven to eight ripe;
wherein, the step (4) and the step (5) are irrigated according to the traditional method.
In the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), spraying needs to be carried out after 15:00 pm in cloudy days or sunny days, and spraying needs to be carried out again if raining is carried out within 4 hours.
Compared with the example 3, the method of the comparative example 2 has the advantages that the uniformity of the mature period of the fruit is not obviously improved compared with the traditional method, the mature period lasts for 2 weeks, and the mature period is not obviously shortened compared with the traditional method; the fruit picking times of the same tree are 3 times, and compared with the traditional method, the method has no obvious change, and the labor cost for fruit picking is not reduced; the size uniformity of the fruits is improved to +/-18% from the existing +/-32%, so that the fruits are more convenient to pack, store and transport, the workload of manual sorting during fruit picking is obviously reduced, and the labor cost of fruit picking is reduced by 2%; the uniformity of the fruit color is obviously higher than that of the traditional method; the single plant output value is improved by 5 percent by deducting the expenses of various fertilizers, pesticides and equipment required by the method.
Comparative example 3
A tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity is characterized in that a variety of large white jade is selected to enter a tree which grows vigorously in the 6 th year of the full-production period, and the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), carrying out heavy pruning within 22-28 days after fruit picking, and carrying out truncation on all branches of level 4 and above level 4 until the length of a reserved part is not more than 20 cm; simultaneously pruning all inner bore branches, branches above 5 grades and lateral branches with the diameter of less than 1.5 cm;
when pruning, digging an annular fertilizing ditch 10-15cm away from a dripping line for each plant, wherein the width of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30cm, and the depth of the annular fertilizing ditch is 30 cm; then burying 18kg of biological organic fertilizer, 3.2kg of compound fertilizer, 2.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.9kg of magnesium sulfate and 120g of 3% chlorpyrifos granules in the annular fertilizing ditch of each plant;
then, performing pest control and killing of the moss on the tree body according to a conventional technology, and irrigating once every 17 days, wherein the irrigation quantity of each plant is 160 kg;
the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the N: P of the compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of the active carbon is more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of CaO is more than or equal to 25 percent;
the MgSO in magnesium sulfate heptahydrate4·7H2The content of O is more than or equal to 99 percent;
step (2), after trimming for 20-30 days, a large number of new shoots are extracted, bud picking is carried out when the length of young shoots is 5-8cm, 2-4 new extracted young shoots are reserved on each mother branch, and then all the newly germinated young shoots on the mother branches need to be erased; the shoots germinated on the inner bore branches, the insect-disease branches and the dense branches need to be completely removed;
while the conventional management is carried out, 900 times of the liquid of the zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement replenisher and 900 times of the liquid of the boron-manganese-iron-zinc-calcium microelement water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed twice at an interval of 1 week, and the spraying amount of each time is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
step (3), stopping irrigation after 37-42 days of bud picking, spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 400 times liquid, 0.2% Silwet L-77 organic silicon assistant, 1300 times liquid of amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer, 6000 times liquid of tebuconazole suspending agent, 4800 times liquid of abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent and 1200 times liquid of boric fertilizer, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is that the leaf surface is wet and does not drip water;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 430 g/L;
the abamectin content in the abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is 3 percent, and the spirodiclofen content is 30 percent;
the pure boron content of the boron fertilizer is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
step (4), after the inflorescence development period, reserving all inflorescences;
in the full-bloom stage, 30000 times of gibberellic acid soluble granules, 1200 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 900 times of pollinating seat fruit essence are sprayed once, and the spraying amount is that foliage is sprayed wet and no water drops are generated;
the content of the effective component of the gibberellic acid soluble granules is 40%;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
after the fruits drop for the second time, cutting off malformed fruits, insect-resistant fruits and clustered fruits, and keeping the rest fruits;
then spraying 400 times of a thiazole zinc suspending agent, 4000 times of a hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl solution, 3000 times of a thiacloprid-high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent and 800 times of a lion-horse red foliar fertilizer, and spraying once, wherein the spraying amount is suitable for completely spraying the leaves and the fruits wet and not dripping water; after the sprayed leaves and fruits are completely dried, each fruit is separately bagged, and the type of the fruit bag is a single-layer double-color bag.
The content of the effective components of the thiazole zinc suspending agent is 20 percent;
the hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl contains 5 percent of hexaconazole and 25 percent of kresoxim-methyl;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent contains 20% of thiamethoxam and 10% of efficient cyhalothrin;
step (6), when the fruits are ripe from six to seven, the blades at the sunshade positions of the fruits do not need to be cut off, and when the fruits are ripe from seven to eight, the fruits are picked;
wherein, the step (4) and the step (5) are irrigated according to the traditional method.
In the step (2), the step (3), the step (4) and the step (5), spraying needs to be carried out after 15:00 pm in cloudy days or sunny days, and spraying needs to be carried out again if raining is carried out within 4 hours.
Compared with the example 3, the method of the comparative example 3 has the advantages that the uniformity of the mature period of the fruit is not obviously improved compared with the traditional method, the mature period lasts for 2 weeks, and the mature period is not obviously shortened compared with the traditional method; the fruit picking times of the same tree are 3 times, and compared with the traditional method, the method has no obvious change, and the labor cost for fruit picking is not reduced; the size uniformity of the fruits is not obviously improved, the workload of manual sorting during fruit picking is not obviously reduced, and the labor cost for fruit picking is not reduced; compared with the traditional method, the color uniformity of the fruits is unchanged; the yield value of each plant is not obviously improved by deducting the expenses of various fertilizers, pesticides and equipment required by applying the method.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. A tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), carrying out heavy pruning within 20-30 days after fruit picking, carrying out short-cut on all branches above 4 grades, and simultaneously pruning all inner bore branches, branches above 5 grades and lateral branches with the diameter of less than 1.5 cm;
when pruning is carried out, annular fertilizing ditches are dug 10-15cm away from a dripping line of each plant, and then 15-20kg of biological organic fertilizer, 2.5-4.0kg of compound fertilizer, 2.0-3.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.6-1.2kg of magnesium sulfate and 150g of 100 +3% chlorpyrifos granules are buried in the annular fertilizing ditches of each plant;
then, performing pest control and killing of the moss on the tree body according to the conventional technology, and irrigating once every 15-20 days, wherein the irrigation quantity of each plant is 150-180 kg;
the effective viable count of the biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 3 hundred million/gram, and the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent;
the N: P of the compound fertilizer2O5:K2O=15:15:15；
P in the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer2O5The content of the active carbon is more than or equal to 12 percent, the content of MgO is more than or equal to 8 percent, and the content of CaO is more than or equal to 25 percent;
the MgSO in magnesium sulfate4·7H2The content of O is more than or equal to 99 percent;
step (2), after trimming for 20-30 days, a large number of new shoots are extracted, bud picking is carried out when the length of young shoots is 5-8cm, 2-4 new extracted young shoots are reserved on each mother branch, and then all the newly germinated young shoots on the mother branches need to be erased; the shoots germinated on the inner bore branches, the insect-disease branches and the dense branches need to be completely removed;
during conventional management, spraying 1000 times of liquid of zinc-iron-boron-molybdenum-copper-manganese microelement replenisher 800-;
step (3), stopping irrigation 35-45 days after bud picking is finished, then spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder 300-fold liquid + 0.1-0.3% Silwet L-77 organic silicon assistant + amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer 1000-fold liquid + tebuconazole suspending agent 5000-fold liquid + avermectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent 4500-fold liquid + boron fertilizer 1000-fold liquid once, wherein the spraying amount is favorable for wetting leaf surfaces and not dripping water so as to promote new-tip aging and flower bud differentiation;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
the content of the active ingredients of the tebuconazole suspending agent is 430 g/L;
the abamectin content in the abamectin-spirodiclofen suspending agent is 3 percent, and the spirodiclofen content is 30 percent;
the pure boron content of the boron fertilizer is more than or equal to 20.5 percent;
step (4), after the inflorescence development period, cutting all other inflorescences except the inflorescences with the error within 2 weeks in the development period;
in the full-bloom stage, 20000-35000 times of gibberellic acid soluble granules, 1000-1500 times of amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer and 800-1000 times of pollination seat fruit essence are sprayed, and the spraying amount is that the leaves are wet and no water is dropped, so as to promote pollination and fruit setting;
the content of the effective component of the gibberellic acid soluble granules is 40%;
the amino acid in the amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the Ca is more than or equal to 30 g/L;
after the fruits drop for the second time, 2-4 fruits with the same development degree are reserved in each inflorescence, and the rest fruits are cut off; the preserved fruits do not contain malformed fruits, insect pests and clustered fruits;
then spraying 500 times of liquid of zinc thiazole suspending agent, 3000 times of hexaconazole and kresoxim-methyl, 5000 times of liquid, 2500 times of liquid of thiacloprid and high-chlorine suspending agent, 4000 times of liquid and 1000 times of liquid of Shimahong leaf surface fertilizer, wherein the spraying amount is preferably that the leaf surfaces and fruits are completely sprayed with moisture and do not drip water; after the leaves and fruits are completely dried after being sprayed with the water, each fruit is separately bagged;
the content of the effective components of the thiazole zinc suspending agent is 20 percent;
the hexaconazole-kresoxim-methyl contains 5 percent of hexaconazole and 25 percent of kresoxim-methyl;
the thiamethoxam and high-chlorine fluorine suspending agent contains 20% of thiamethoxam and 10% of efficient cyhalothrin;
cutting off leaves at the sunshade position of the fruit when the fruit is ripe from six to seven, wherein the cutting-off position is that a leaf stalk is 2-3cm towards the base direction of the leaf, ensuring that the fruit is fully illuminated, and ensuring that the fruit is uniformly colored; picking when the fruits are seven to eight ripe to obtain high-quality mango fruits with consistent mature period, uniform size and uniform color;
wherein, the step (4) and the step (5) are irrigated according to the traditional method.
2. The method for managing trees to improve mango fruit uniformity as claimed in claim 1, wherein all branches above level 4 in step (1) are truncated to a length of the remaining part not exceeding 20 cm.
3. The method for managing a tree body to improve the uniformity of mango fruits according to claim 1, wherein the width of the annular fertilizing furrows in the step (1) is 30cm and the depth is 30 cm.
4. The tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity according to claim 1, wherein the type of fruit bag adopted in the bagging in step (5) is a single-layer two-color fruit bag.
5. The tree management method for improving mango fruit uniformity according to claim 1, wherein spraying is performed after 15:00 pm in cloudy or clear weather in step (2), step (3), step (4) and step (5), and spraying is performed again in 4 hours of raining.
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| CN110249772B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-12-21 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for improving nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in flowering phase |
| CN110419380B (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2021-08-31 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for obtaining short and small mango trees |
| CN113273419B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2023-06-02 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for preventing noble concubine mango flower from carrying leaves |
| CN114041345A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-15 | 湖北格林凯尔农业科技有限公司 | Fertilizing method for preventing mango fruit from cannibalism |
| DE202021106821U1 (en) | 2021-12-15 | 2022-01-14 | Puneet Kumar Aggarwal | Intelligent mango disease detection system using machine learning and IOT sensors |
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| CN101040595A (en) * | 2007-04-17 | 2007-09-26 | 赵祎 | Method for delaying the mango ripening time and for improving the output |
| CN202068798U (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-12-14 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Double-layer sleeving bag for mango |
| CN102257939A (en) * | 2011-05-06 | 2011-11-30 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Method for improving fruit set percentage of mangos |
| CN102860220B (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-02-19 | 广东星河生物科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of bottle planted needle mushroom |
| CN103733945B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-08-12 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | The shaping methods of a kind of peach |
| CN104365428A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-02-25 | 袁世兴 | Method for adjusting mango tree nutrition to promote mango tree reproductive growth |
| CN105104063A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-02 | 安徽九禾农业发展有限公司 | Mango planting method |
| CN105325253B (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2019-01-08 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | A kind of tree body management method improving red meat type dragon fruit yield |
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