CN110249772B - Method for improving nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in flowering phase - Google Patents

Method for improving nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in flowering phase Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110249772B
CN110249772B CN201910569614.4A CN201910569614A CN110249772B CN 110249772 B CN110249772 B CN 110249772B CN 201910569614 A CN201910569614 A CN 201910569614A CN 110249772 B CN110249772 B CN 110249772B
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spraying
mango
utilization efficiency
inflorescence
inflorescences
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CN110249772A (en
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牛迎凤
柳觐
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Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
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Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in a flowering phase, which comprises the following steps: 1) spraying the primary mixed solution A on the whole plant 15-20 days before inflorescence germination; 2) when the total length of the inflorescences is 5-10cm, cutting off the top ends of the inflorescences one by one, only reserving 1/4-1/3 parts of bases of the inflorescences, and spraying the mixed solution B on the whole plant within 2 days after cutting off; 3) after the full-bloom stage, spraying the mixed liquor C to the inflorescence only once; 4) and (5) managing according to a conventional method until the fruits are ripe. The invention saves the nutrients of the tree body and improves the utilization efficiency of the nutrients; the fruit setting rate of mangoes is obviously improved, physiological fruit drop is obviously reduced, and the final yield is not obviously changed; the tree body using the invention has a growth vigor obviously superior to that of the tree body without using the invention.

Description

Method for improving nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in flowering phase
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in a flowering phase, and belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation management.
Background
The mango is a plant of genus mango of family Anacardiaceae, has beautiful fruit appearance, sweet pulp and aromatic flavor, is deeply loved by consumers, is a large tropical fruit and has the reputation of "tropical fruit king". With the development of socioeconomic and improvement of logistics systems in China, mango consumption groups are expanded to the national range from traditional tropical and subtropical regions, and consumption requirements are increased year by year. Like other fruits, nutrient and water-fertilizer management during planting is an important factor in determining mango yield, quality and orchard planting benefit. Mango is a plant of the same male and female plants, and has male flowers and amphoteric flowers on the same inflorescence, but only the amphoteric flowers which can be pollinated normally and bear fruits. The method is influenced by genetic characteristics, the mango trees have large flower quantity and large inflorescence, so that the nutrient consumption of trees can be increased in the development process of inflorescences, and the nutrients of trees are insufficient to a certain extent, so that serious physiological fruit drop is caused. For most mango varieties, the upper half part of the inflorescence is mostly male flowers, the amphoteric flowers are mostly distributed at the base of the inflorescence, and if the upper half part of the inflorescence cannot bear fruits according to a conventional management mode, the nutrient consumption of trees is increased. In the mango primary production area of China, although fruit growers pay more attention to the nutrient supply in the mango flowering phase, nutrients are consumed too much in the mango flowering phase, so that nutrition is deficient and a large amount of physiological fruit drop is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the effective utilization rate of nutrients in an orchard, effectively reduce physiological fruit drop caused by excessive nutrient consumption in a flowering phase and guarantee the planting benefit of the orchard, the invention provides the method for improving the nutrient utilization rate of the mango in the flowering phase under the condition of not influencing the yield, so that the consumption of nutrients in a tree body in the inflorescence development process is reduced, the nutrient utilization rate is improved, the physiological fruit drop is obviously reduced, and the final yield is not obviously changed.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for improving the utilization efficiency of nutrients in the flowering phase of mangoes comprises the following steps:
1) 15-20 days before inflorescence germination, spraying the mixed solution A with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant: 0.20-0.25% of urea, 0.15-0.20% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10-0.15% of magnesium sulfate, 0.02-0.03% of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc sodium salt and 0.03-0.04% of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid calcium sodium salt;
2) when the total length of the inflorescences is 5-10cm, cutting off the top ends of the inflorescences one by one, only reserving 1/4-1/3 parts of the bases of the inflorescences, and spraying the mixed liquor B with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant within 2 days after cutting off: 500 times of 600 times of Bibianbang universal amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer, 0.20-0.25 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10-0.12 percent of sodium ferric ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 0.01-0.02 percent of manganese sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate;
3) after the full-bloom stage, spraying the mixed liquor C with the following mass concentration to the inflorescence for one time: 500-fold 600-time Bibushan brand universal amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 0.16-0.20% of honey and 0.008-0.01% of gibberellin, and the fertilizer is prevented from being sprayed to leaves when being sprayed;
4) and (5) managing according to a conventional method until the fruits are ripe.
The whole plant spraying in the step 1) refers to spraying to the leaf surfaces and the branches and the trunks to be totally wet.
The whole plant spraying of the step 2) refers to spraying to the leaf surfaces and the branches and the trunks to be totally wet.
The spraying of the step 3) to the inflorescence only means that the spraying is carried out until the inflorescence is totally wet.
The spraying time in the steps 1), 2) and 3) is 9:00-11:00 in the morning or 16:00-18:00 in the afternoon in clear weather.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1) the mango flower volume is large, the inflorescence volume is large, the nutrition is consumed in the development process, and after the method is adopted, the inflorescence volume is only 1/4-1/3, so that the tree nutrient is saved, and the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved;
2) although the total amount of mango flowers is reduced after the upper half of the inflorescence is cut off, as the number of amphoteric flowers at the base of the mango inflorescence is higher than that at the top of the mango inflorescence, and nutrients are supplemented respectively before the inflorescence is germinated, in the inflorescence development period and in the full bloom period, the fruit setting rate of the mango is obviously improved, the physiological fruit drop is obviously reduced, and the final yield is not obviously changed;
3) after the method is continuously used for two years, the tree grows vigorously, and under the same management and fertilization conditions, the tree growing vigor of the tree using the method is obviously superior to that of the tree without the method.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these should also be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1) Selecting a mango variety 'Tainong' planted in Yunnan, and spraying the mixed liquor A with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant 20 days before inflorescence germination in 9:00 am in clear weather: 0.25 percent of urea, 0.20 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.15 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.03 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc sodium salt and 0.04 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid calcium sodium salt, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
2) when the total length of the inflorescences is 5cm, cutting off the top ends of the inflorescences one by one, only reserving 1/3 parts of the bases of the inflorescences, and spraying the mixed liquid B with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant within 2 days after cutting off at 9:00 am in sunny weather: 500 times powerful Bianpai universal water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.12% sodium ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetate and 0.02% sodium manganese ethylenediamine tetraacetate, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
3) after entering the full-bloom stage, spraying the mixed liquor C with the following mass concentration to the inflorescence only once at 9:00 am in sunny weather: 500 times powerful mao brand universal amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer +0.20% honey +0.01% gibberellin, and avoids spraying to the leaves, the spraying amount is: leaves and branches are all wet;
4) managing according to a conventional method until the fruits are ripe;
through the steps, the inflorescence volume of the 'Tainong' mango tree body is only 1/3, the nutrients of the tree body are saved, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the physiological fruit drop rate is 52% of the conventional fruit drop rate, the physiological fruit drop is obviously reduced, and the final yield is increased by about 5% compared with the conventional yield; after the method is continuously used for 2 years, the tree grows vigorously, and the growth vigor of the tree using the method is obviously superior to that of a contrast under the same management and fertilization conditions.
Example 2
1) Selecting a mango variety 'Tainong' planted in Yunnan, and spraying the mixed liquor A with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant 15 days before inflorescence germination in 9:00 am in clear weather: 0.2 percent of urea, 0.15 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.02 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc sodium salt and 0.03 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid calcium sodium salt, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
2) when the total length of the inflorescences is 10cm, cutting off the top ends of the inflorescences one by one, only reserving 1/4 parts of the bases of the inflorescences, and spraying the mixed liquid B with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant within 2 days after cutting off at 11:00 am in sunny weather: 600 times powerful Bing brand universal water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10 percent of sodium ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetate and 0.01 percent of sodium manganese ethylenediamine tetraacetate, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
3) after entering the full-bloom stage, spraying the mixed liquor C with the following mass concentration to inflorescences for only one time at 11:00 am in sunny weather: 600 times powerful mao brand universal amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer +0.16% of honey +0.008% of gibberellin, and avoids spraying to leaves, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
4) managing according to a conventional method until the fruits are ripe;
through the steps, the inflorescence volume of the 'Tainong' mango tree body is only 1/3, the nutrients of the tree body are saved, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the physiological fruit drop rate is 59% of the conventional fruit drop rate, the physiological fruit drop is obviously reduced, and the final yield is increased by about 5% compared with the contrast; after the method is continuously used for 2 years, the tree grows vigorously, and the growth vigor of the tree using the method is obviously superior to that of a contrast under the same management and fertilization conditions.
Example 3
1) Selecting a mango variety 'red ivory' planted in Yunnan, spraying the whole mango variety to a mixed solution A with the following mass concentration once 18 days before inflorescence germination in 16:00 afternoon of clear weather: 0.22 percent of urea, 0.18 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.13 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.025 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc sodium salt and 0.035 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid calcium sodium salt, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
2) when the total length of the inflorescences is 8cm, cutting off the top ends of the inflorescences one by one, only reserving 1/4 parts of the bases of the inflorescences, and spraying the mixed liquid B with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant within 2 days after the cutting off at 16:00 pm in clear weather: 600 times powerful Bing brand universal water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, 0.22 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.11 percent of sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate and 0.015 percent of sodium manganese ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
3) after entering the full-bloom stage, spraying the mixed liquor C with the following mass concentration to inflorescences for only one time at 16:00 pm in sunny weather: 600 times powerful Bianpai universal water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, 0.18 percent of honey and 0.009 percent of gibberellin, and avoids spraying to leaves, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
4) and (5) managing according to a conventional method until the fruits are ripe.
Through the steps, the volume of the inflorescence of the mango tree body of the red ivory is only 1/4, the nutrients of the tree body are saved, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the physiological fruit drop rate is 60% of the conventional fruit drop rate, the physiological fruit drop is obviously reduced, and the final yield is not obviously different from the contrast; after the method is continuously used for 2 years, the tree grows vigorously, and the growth vigor of the tree using the method is obviously superior to that of a contrast under the same management and fertilization conditions.
Example 4
1) Selecting a mango variety 'red ivory' planted in Yunnan, spraying the whole mango variety to a mixed solution A with the following mass concentration once 16 days before inflorescence germination in the afternoon of clear weather at 17: 00: 0.22 percent of urea, 0.18 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.13 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.025 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc sodium salt and 0.035 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid calcium sodium salt, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
2) when the total length of the inflorescences is 9cm, cutting off the top ends of the inflorescences one by one, only reserving 1/4 parts of the bases of the inflorescences, and spraying the mixed liquid B with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant within 2 days after the cutting off at 17:00 pm in clear weather: 600 times powerful Bing brand universal water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, 0.20 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10 percent of sodium ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetate and 0.01 percent of sodium manganese ethylenediamine tetraacetate, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
3) after entering the full-bloom stage, spraying the mixed liquor C with the following mass concentration to inflorescences only once at 17:00 afternoon in sunny weather: 600 times powerful mao brand universal amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer +0.16% of honey +0.008% of gibberellin, and avoids spraying to leaves, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
4) and (5) managing according to a conventional method until the fruits are ripe.
Through the steps, the volume of the inflorescence of the mango tree body of the red ivory is only 1/4, the nutrients of the tree body are saved, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the physiological fruit drop rate is 58% of the conventional fruit drop rate, the physiological fruit drop is obviously reduced, and the final yield is not obviously different from the contrast; after the method is continuously used for 2 years, the tree grows vigorously, and the growth vigor of the tree using the method is obviously superior to that of a contrast under the same management and fertilization conditions.
Example 5
1) Selecting mango variety 'red ivory' planted in Yunnan, spraying the whole mango variety with the following mixed solution A in mass concentration once 17 days before inflorescence germination in 18:00 afternoon of clear weather: 0.21 percent of urea, 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10 percent of magnesium sulfate, 0.03 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc sodium salt and 0.04 percent of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid calcium sodium salt, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
2) when the total length of the inflorescences is 8-10cm, cutting off the top ends of the inflorescences one by one, only keeping 1/4 parts of the bases of the inflorescences, and spraying the mixed liquid B with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant within 2 days after the cutting off at 18:00 pm in clear weather: 600 times powerful Bing brand universal water soluble fertilizer containing amino acid, 0.25 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10 percent of sodium ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetate and 0.02 percent of sodium manganese ethylenediamine tetraacetate, and the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
3) after entering the full-bloom stage, spraying the mixed liquor C with the following mass concentration to inflorescences for 18:00 in the afternoon of sunny weather only once: 600 times powerful mao brand universal amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer +0.16% honey +0.01% gibberellin, and avoids spraying to leaves, the spraying amount is as follows: leaves and branches are all wet;
4) and (5) managing according to a conventional method until the fruits are ripe.
Through the steps, the volume of the inflorescence of the mango tree body of the red ivory is only 1/4, the nutrients of the tree body are saved, the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved, the physiological fruit drop rate is 57 percent of the conventional fruit drop rate, the physiological fruit drop is obviously reduced, and the final yield is not obviously different from the contrast; after the method is continuously used for 2 years, the tree grows vigorously, and the growth vigor of the tree using the method is obviously superior to that of a contrast under the same management and fertilization conditions.

Claims (5)

1. A method for improving the utilization efficiency of mango flowering phase nutrients is characterized in that mangoes are planted in Yunnan areas; the mango varieties are Tainong and red ivory;
the method for improving the utilization efficiency of the nutrients in the flowering phase of the mangoes comprises the following steps:
1) 15-20 days before inflorescence germination, spraying the mixed solution A with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant: 0.20-0.25% of urea, 0.15-0.20% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10-0.15% of magnesium sulfate, 0.02-0.03% of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc sodium salt and 0.03-0.04% of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid calcium sodium salt;
2) when the total length of the inflorescences is 5-10cm, cutting off the top ends of the inflorescences one by one, only reserving 1/4-1/3 parts of the bases of the inflorescences, and spraying the mixed liquor B with the following mass concentration once on the whole plant within 2 days after cutting off: 500 times of 600 times of Bibianbang universal amino acid-containing water soluble fertilizer, 0.20-0.25 percent of monopotassium phosphate, 0.10-0.12 percent of sodium ferric ethylene diamine tetraacetate and 0.01-0.02 percent of manganese sodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate;
3) after the full-bloom stage, spraying the mixed liquor C with the following mass concentration to the inflorescence for one time: 500-fold 600-time Bibushan brand universal amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer, 0.16-0.20% of honey and 0.008-0.01% of gibberellin, and the fertilizer is prevented from being sprayed to leaves when being sprayed;
4) and (5) managing according to a conventional method until the fruits are ripe.
2. The method for improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in the flowering phase according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the whole plant spraying in the step 1) refers to spraying to the leaf surfaces and the branches and the trunks to be totally wet.
3. The method for improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in the flowering phase according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the whole plant spraying of the step 2) refers to spraying to the leaf surfaces and the branches and the trunks to be totally wet.
4. The method for improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in the flowering phase according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spraying of the step 3) to the inflorescence only means that the spraying is carried out until the inflorescence is totally wet.
5. The method for improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in the flowering phase according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the spraying time of the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3) is 9:00-11:00 in the morning of sunny weather, or 16:00-18:00 in the afternoon.
CN201910569614.4A 2019-06-27 2019-06-27 Method for improving nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in flowering phase Active CN110249772B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101040595A (en) * 2007-04-17 2007-09-26 赵祎 Method for delaying the mango ripening time and for improving the output
USPP22302P2 (en) * 2010-07-12 2011-12-06 K. Sahin Zaden B.V. Achillea plant named ‘Pineapple Mango’
CN104365428A (en) * 2014-11-21 2015-02-25 袁世兴 Method for adjusting mango tree nutrition to promote mango tree reproductive growth
CN104885803A (en) * 2015-06-26 2015-09-09 田东县八闽农业综合开发有限公司 Method capable of promoting foison and delaying harvesting for mango
RU2630232C1 (en) * 2016-06-17 2017-09-06 Сергей Валерьевич Горбунов Plant growth regulation agent and active ingredient in its composition
CN106332723B (en) * 2016-08-26 2020-01-07 云南省热带作物科学研究所 Tree body management method for improving mango fruit uniformity
CN107821432B (en) * 2017-11-10 2020-10-16 海南大学 Efficient planting method for two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes

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