CN107821432B - Efficient planting method for two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes - Google Patents
Efficient planting method for two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
Abstract
The invention provides a high-efficiency planting method for two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes, which comprises the following steps: performing tip control for the first ripening and flower promotion in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, wherein the mango blooms before mid-autumn and before mid-autumn, and the mango comes on the market before the first day; carrying out second-maturing flower promotion before the first day of the first year after the mango is picked, and picking second-maturing mangoes in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, wherein the flower promotion agent is adopted: which includes one or more of combination 1, combination 2 and combination 3; wherein the composition 1 comprises potassium nitrate and 6-BA, and the ratio of the potassium nitrate to the 6-BA is 5-15 g: 0.02 g; the composition 2 comprises cytokinin and sodium nitrate, and the ratio of the cytokinin to the sodium nitrate is 0.01-0.1 g: 26.67 g; the composition 3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 g: 1 ml. The method can greatly improve the yield of the first mango production of Tainong, realizes the high-efficiency cultivation of mango, plays a positive role in the development of mango industry and the income increase of fruit growers, and has wide popularization and application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to a high-efficiency planting method for two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes.
Background
Mango is one of famous tropical fruits, enjoys the name of the king of the tropical fruits, has special flavor and higher nutritional value due to fine and smooth fruit pulp, and is deeply favored by people. The mango also has the characteristics of strong adaptability, fast growth, easy growth, long fruiting period, high economic value and the like. In recent years, the mango planting area is continuously enlarged year by year around the world, the yield is also increased year by year, and the mango is the 5 th fruit in the world after grapes, oranges, bananas and apples.
Mango is one of the most important tropical crops in the world, and China is one of mango leading countries. Mango flowering management is an important technical link for mango production, and a reliable flowering period regulation and control technology is an important measure for ensuring stable harvest of mangoes. Currently, mango production period regulation technology has been widely studied and applied in tropical regions of the world. The Hainan island belongs to a monsoon climate area of a tropical sea island, has no winter in long summer, is rich in light and heat and abundant in rainfall. The maturation period of Hainan mango fruits is 2-5 months, and the mango fruits are the earliest mature region in China. In order to fully utilize the superior climatic conditions in Hainan, a subject group preliminarily searches for a 'two-harvest-a-year' high-efficiency cultivation mode.
In recent years, the plant growth regulator is widely applied to mangoes and other commercial crops, such as paclobutrazol, ethephon and the like, can change the flowering phase of plants and regulate the fruits of the plants to appear on the market in slack seasons, thereby obtaining better economic benefit. For example, paclobutrazol is widely applied to fruit trees such as kaempferia galanga, apples, cherries, waxberries, peaches, kiwifruits, loquats, litchis, and the like, and has the obvious effects of controlling the branch and tip proportion, increasing the number of flower buds and improving the fruit setting rate; KNO3The foliar spraying on mango production can promote the gibberellin content in the plant body to be reduced to a certain value, which is beneficial to blooming; the cytokinin also has application in production of wampee, carambola, pineapple and dragon fruits, and can increase the fruit diameter of the fruits and increase the single fruit weight of the fruits. However, a single reagent is mostly adopted in the current research, and the mixed application method of the reagents has not been reported in mango experimental research. Therefore, the research on the mixed use of a plurality of reagents to generate a synergistic effect has important practical and instructive significance on the adjustment of the high yield and the production period of the mangoes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a flower promoting agent and a using method thereof, which can effectively reduce the number ratio of the extracted leafy flower tips, improve the mango amphoteric flower ratio and induce early flowering. The invention also provides a high-efficiency planting method for two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes, which realizes high-efficiency cultivation of mangoes and plays a positive role in development of mango industry and income increase of vast fruit growers.
In a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a florigen comprising one or more of combination 1, combination 2 and combination 3; wherein the composition 1 comprises potassium nitrate and 6-BA, and the ratio of the potassium nitrate to the 6-BA is 5-15 g: 0.02 g; the composition 2 comprises cytokinin and sodium nitrate, and the ratio of the cytokinin to the sodium nitrate is 0.01-0.1 g: 26.67 g; the composition 3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 g: 1 ml.
Preferably, the ratio of potassium nitrate to 6-BA in the components of the combination 1 is 10 g: 0.02 g.
Preferably, the ratio of cytokinin to sodium nitrate in the composition 2 is 0.04 g: 26.67g.
Preferably, the ratio of paclobutrazol to ethephon in the components of the combination 3 is as follows: 1.0 g: 1 ml.
Preferably, the florigen is combination 1. Can effectively reduce the ratio of the number of the extracted flowering tips with leaves, particularly can effectively improve the ratio of the mango amphoteric flowers and induce early flowering.
Preferably, the florigen is combination 2. The method can effectively reduce the number ratio of the shoots of the sprouting leafy flower spikes, improve the ratio of mango amphoteric flowers, induce early flowering and obviously inhibit the length and width of the flower spikes.
Preferably, the florigen is combination 3. Can effectively improve the amphoteric flower ratio of the mangoes, induce early flowering and particularly effectively reduce the number ratio of the extracted leafy flower spikes.
The second aspect of the invention provides a use method of the flower promoting agent, when in use, if the combination 1 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 1 prepared from the combination 1, if the combination 2 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 2 prepared from the combination 2, and if the combination 3 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 3 prepared from the combination 3, wherein the concentration of potassium nitrate in the treatment liquid 1 is 5-15 g/L, the concentration of cytokinin in the treatment liquid 2 is 0.01-0.1 g/L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol in the treatment liquid 3 is 0.5-1.5 g/L; then uniformly spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces.
Preferably, the concentration of potassium nitrate in the treating solution 1 is 10g/L and the concentration of 6-BA is 0.02 g/L.
Preferably, the concentration of cytokinin in the treatment solution 2 is 0.04g/L and the concentration of sodium nitrate is 26.67 g/L.
Preferably, the concentration of paclobutrazol in the treatment liquid 3 is 1.0g/L, and the concentration of ethephon is 1 ml/L.
The third aspect of the invention provides a high-efficiency planting method for two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes, which comprises the following steps: performing tip control for the first ripening and flower promotion in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, wherein the mango blooms before mid-autumn and before mid-autumn, and the mango comes on the market before the first day; and (3) carrying out second-maturing flower promotion before the first day of the first year after the mango is picked, and picking second-maturing mangoes in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, wherein the flower promotion agent is adopted for flower promotion.
Preferably, the efficient planting method of two-harvest-a-year Tainong mango specifically comprises the following operations:
first, fertilization management
Fruit picking fertilizer: applying a heavy fertilizer after picking fruits, applying a chemical fertilizer first and then applying an organic fertilizer 20 days before picking fruits, or simultaneously applying the organic fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer accounts for 60-70% of the whole year; the deep ditch is opened for full application of organic fertilizer 30-50 kg/plant/year, lime 0.5-1 kg/plant/year, and the shallow ditch is opened for application of compound fertilizer 0.5-1 kg/plant/year;
flower strengthening fertilizer: applying 100-150 g of urea and 200-400 g of compound fertilizer to each plant before and after a large amount of flower buds sprout, or spraying the fertilizer and adding 1% of urea or potassium nitrate as extra-root topdressing;
fruit strengthening fertilizer: and when young fruits rapidly expand 1-1.5 months after the flowers bloom, 500g of compound fertilizer is added.
Second, water content management
In the water management process of the mango garden, drought irrigation, waterlogging drainage, drought prevention and accumulation prevention are realized: watering after picking fruits in drought; in the flower and fruit stage, irrigation is enhanced, and irrigation is needed in the initial stage of flower spike sprouting; irrigating water in the flowering period; irrigating water in a fruiting period and a physiological fruit drop period; irrigating water in the fruit expanding period; when dry hot air is encountered in the flowering period, water can be sprayed on the tree crown; in the process of double cropping cultivation of Tainong No. 1 mango in one year, stopping growth of autumn shoots and controlling water after first fruit picking;
management of flowers, fruits and fruits
Controlling the tip: controlling tips by using 15% paclobutrazol; the application period in the Hainan Sanhe Ledong area is 5 months, and the using amount of trees at 3-4 ages is 5-10 g/tree; the dosage of trees is 20 g/tree at 5-6 ages, and the dosage of trees is 20-25 g/tree at more than 7 ages; digging an annular shallow ditch with the depth of about 10-15 cm and the width of 5-10 cm on the inner side of a tree crown water dripping line, preparing the medicine into 10-15 kg of water according to the amount of plants, uniformly spraying the water into the ditch, covering soil, keeping the soil moist after application, and irrigating in combination with drought;
promoting flower growth: when the flower promoter is sprayed, fruiting mother branches need to be fully aged and stable, and are drought and low-temperature for a period of time; when the flower promoting agent is used, if the combination 1 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 1 prepared from the combination 1, if the combination 2 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 2 prepared from the combination 2, and if the combination 3 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 3 prepared from the combination 3, wherein the concentration of potassium nitrate in the treatment liquid 1 is 5-15 g/L, the concentration of cytokinin in the treatment liquid 2 is 0.01-0.1 g/L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol in the treatment liquid 3 is 0.5-1.5 g/L; then uniformly spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces;
fourthly, pruning tree bodies
Pruning before flower bud differentiation: thinning out dense branches, weak branches, dead branches, insect-disease branches, crossing branches, overlapping branches and spindly branches; for plants which grow vigorously and do not result for many years, the growth of the plants needs to be inhibited;
and (3) trimming after the second physiological fruit drop: cutting off pedicels and branches which influence the development of fruits, thinning malformed fruits, diseased and insect-infected fruits and undersized fruiting and breeding fruits, and reserving 3-4 fruits which are normally developed for one fruit cluster according to the tree vigor, the thickness of the branches, the weight of a single fruit and the like, wherein the distribution is reasonable;
trimming after picking fruits:
trimming after the first-maturing fruit picking: pruning is carried out at about Yuan Dan after fruit picking, and pruning at the time is mainly to dredge insect-pest branches, dead branches and weak and dark branches in the tree crown, so as to increase the transmittance of the tree crown and restore the tree vigor;
and (3) trimming after second-maturing and fruit picking: in the last ten days of 5 months, retracting branches of crossing, overlapping, overlong and over-vigorous branches and fruiting mother branches between or in the crown, thinning and shearing dense branches, dead branches, insect-disease branches, senile branches, drooping branches, weak branches and bare-grown branches; after the new shoots occur, bud picking is carried out to leave shoots, 1-3 young shoots are left on each branch, meanwhile, the tree vigor is adjusted, and strong branches of trees with strong tree vigor are removed to leave weak branches; leaving medium branches for trees with medium tree vigor, removing strong branches and weak branches, and leaving medium branches; removing weak branches of trees with weak tree vigor and reserving strong branches; the proper size of the tree crown, the proper quantity of branches and leaves and the ventilation and light transmission of the tree crown are kept;
five, flower and fruit protection
Introducing a pollination medium into the garden in the full-bloom stage, spraying 50ml/L gibberellin solution, 0.2% borax solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 time respectively, and picking off new shoots in time; spraying 0.2% calcium chloride solution and amino acid solution for 1 time respectively about 15 days and 30 days after flower withering;
sixthly, covering: and covering the soil by using a covering material, wherein the thickness of the covering material is 3-5 cm, and the distance between the covering material and the trunk is about 15 cm.
Preferably, the method specifically comprises the following operations:
intercropping: and (3) intercropping the dwarf crops with low fertility consumption and slow growth in the row, wherein the intercropping distance from the mango tree trunk is more than 1 m.
After the flower promoting agent is applied, the number ratio of the extracted flowering tops with the leaves is reduced to below 13.34 percent, even reaches 6.87 percent, the number ratio of the extracted flowering tops with the leaves can be effectively reduced, the mango amphoteric flower ratio is improved to above 15.79 percent, even reaches 28.65 percent, the mango amphoteric flower ratio is obviously improved, in addition, the early flowering can be induced, and the flowering bud germination period, the initial flowering period, the full flowering period and the final flowering period are advanced to different degrees. The planting method provided by the invention can realize two cropping in one year, greatly improve the yield and economic benefit of the first mango production of Tainong, realize the high-efficiency cultivation of mango, play a positive role in the development of mango industry and the income increase of vast fruit growers, and have wide popularization and application prospects. The flowering mechanism of the two-harvest mango in one year adjusts the flowering time of the two-harvest mango in one year, avoids the problems of low-temperature cold damage in the flowering period, relatively concentrated marketing time of fruits and the like, prolongs the shelf life of commodities, improves the planting benefit, improves the traditional mango cultivation management measures, develops high-efficiency modern agriculture in hot areas, and promotes the sustainable and healthy development of mango planting industry.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood by reference to the following further description of specific embodiments. The examples do not specify particular techniques or conditions, and are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or according to the product specifications. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.
Flower growth promoter test
1 materials and methods
1.1 materials
The test site is in a Miscanthus orchard of Ledongfeng source planting farmer professional cooperative society, the terrain of the orchard is flat, the management level is medium, and the plant growth is general. The tested tree is 10-year old Tainong No. one mango, and a tree with the crown basically the same in size is selected for the test. KNO with test agent of 10g/L3+0.02g/L6-BA, 0.04g/L cytokinin +26.67g/L kinetin (sodium nitrate), 1.0g/L paclobutrazol +1ml/L ethephon. Ethephon is 40% water solution prepared by Shanghai Penpu chemical plant, paclobutrazol is 15% powder prepared by Shanghai Yue Ling chemical Co., Ltd, and cytokinin is prepared from Korea photo agriculture Co., Ltd, KNO3The florigen (sodium nitrate) is produced from Minle chemical industry Co., Ltd in Changsha, and the florigen (sodium nitrate) is produced from China chemical industry Co., Ltd in New county, and the medicines are provided by professional cooperative society of planting farmers in Ledongfeng. 6-BA from Yanglindell Biotech, Inc.
1.2 methods
The test was run with 3 treatments (see table 1) and spraying distilled water as a control. Each treatment processed 3 trees for a total of 12 trees. The test period is 1 month, 20 days to 3 months and 22 days in 2014. The test is that the pesticide is sprayed on 20 days 1 month in 2014, the spraying degree of the leaf surfaces is based on that the pesticide does not drop, distilled water is used as a reference, and each plant is numbered and marked in 8 directions of east, south, west, north, upper, lower, left and right. After spraying, the characters of the flower bud germination period, the initial flowering period, the full flowering period, the end flowering period, the ratio of the extracted pure-growth flower spikes, the ratio of the extracted leafy flower spikes, the ratio of the extracted vegetative shoots, the ratio of the amphoteric flowers, the flower spike length, the flower spike width, the fruit setting rate and the average fruit setting number of the flower spikes of each tree are respectively investigated.
TABLE 1 treatment and drug types
| Treatment of | Medicament |
| Process 1 | KNO of 10g/L3+0.02g/L6-BA |
| Treatment 2 | 0.04g/L cytokinin +26.67g/L kinetin |
| Treatment 3 | 1.0g/L paclobutrazol +1ml/L ethephon |
| CK | Distilled water control |
1.3 data analysis
The test data are processed by adopting an SPSS statistical method, and differences are analyzed by adopting a Duncan analysis method.
2 results
2.1 Effect of the invention on mango sprouting fringe situation
The results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from table 2, significant differences were achieved between treatments 1, 2, 3 and the control in the ratio of extracted leafy spica, with treatment 3 being best 6.87%, 10.60% after treatment 1, again 13.34% after treatment 2, and worst 19.19% for the control. The invention can effectively reduce the number ratio of the extracted and leafy spica tips.
Significant differences were achieved between the treatments and the control in the ratio of extracted pure spikes, with treatment 2 preferably being 79.38% effective and control being 73.14% effective.
In addition, the ratio of the extracted vegetative shoots was 7.15% at the lowest for treatment 2, 9.59% for the next control, 15.02% for treatment 3, and 27.09% for treatment 1.
Table 2 effect of the invention on mango sprouting spike condition
| Treatment of | Percentage of extracted pure spica (%) | Ratio of extracted leaves to spica (%) | Ratio of extracted vegetative shoot (%) |
| Process 1 | 63.53d | 10.60c | 27.09a |
| Treatment 2 | 79.38a | 13.34b | 7.15c |
| Treatment 3 | 69.43c | 6.87d | 15.02b |
| Control | 73.14b | 19.19a | 9.59c |
Note: the data in the table are the average of 3 replicates, with the lower case letters a, b, c, d indicating a difference of 0.05 significance, as follows.
2.2 Effect of the invention on mango flowering
The results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the ratio of amphoteric flowers was 28.65% at the highest for treatment 1, 17.24% for treatment 3, and 15.79% for treatment 2 again, all higher than the control (13.12%). The method can obviously improve the mango amphoteric flower ratio. In addition, treatment 3 was superior to the control in both spike length and width, which had significant inhibitory effect on both spike length and width.
TABLE 3 Effect of the invention on mango flowering
2.3 Effect of the invention on mango flowering time
The results are shown in Table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the germination period, the initial flowering period, the full flowering period and the final flowering period of each treatment are all earlier than those of the control; the treatment 1 is 13 days earlier than the control flower bud germination phase, the treatment 2 is 11 days earlier than the control flower bud germination phase, and the treatment 3 is 11 days earlier than the control flower bud germination phase; treatment 1 was 18 days earlier than the control initial flowering phase, treatment 2 was 13 days earlier than the control initial flowering phase, and treatment 3 was 11 days earlier than the control initial flowering phase; the treatment 1 is 16 days earlier than the control full-bloom stage, the treatment 2 is 10 days earlier than the control full-bloom stage, and the treatment 3 is 5 days earlier than the control full-bloom stage; treatment 1 was 15 days earlier than control end flowering phase, treatment 2 was 10 days earlier than control end flowering phase, and treatment 3 was 6 days earlier than control end flowering phase. The method can effectively induce mango to bloom in advance.
TABLE 4 Effect of the invention on mango flowering time
In this embodiment, the tainong mango is used as a processing target, and it should be understood that other mango varieties may be used to perform the same processing and detection. KNO in 10g/L in this example3+0.02g/L6-BA, 0.04g/L cytokinin +26.67g/L kinetin (sodium nitrate), 1.0g/L paclobutrazol +1ml/L ethephon respectively treat mango trees, it should be understood that the mango trees can be treated by two or more of the three together, and other concentrations within the scope of the invention can be adopted to achieve the purpose of the invention.
High-efficiency planting of two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes:
the tip-controlling and flower-promoting time for the first ripening is 5 months in the middle and late ten days, the mango blooms before and after mid-autumn, and the mango comes into the market before spring festival; the second-ripening flowering time is carried out after the mango is picked before the spring festival, the mango blooms 7 days after spraying the flowering promoting agent, and the second-ripening mango can be picked in the middle and last ten days of 5 months.
1 soil management
1.1 intercropping
The method is mainly used for interplanting the crops such as hyacinth beans, stylosanthes guianensis, false peanuts, sweet potatoes and the like in the cliff county without intercropping the crops such as sugarcane, cassava and the like.
1.2 covering
Covering with rice straw, bran coat and hay. The thickness of the covering material is 3-5 cm, the covering material is about 15cm away from the trunk, the ecological environment in the garden can be improved through covering, the evaporation of soil moisture is prevented, soil is not easy to harden, and the soil fertility is improved.
2 fertilization management
2.1 fruit picking fertilizer
And (3) applying a heavy fertilizer after picking fruits, applying a chemical fertilizer and then applying an organic fertilizer 20 days before picking fruits, or applying the organic fertilizer simultaneously, wherein the fertilizer accounts for 60-70% of the whole year. Opening a deep ditch and applying organic fertilizer (30-50 kg/plant/year) and lime (0.5-1 kg/plant/year) completely; shallow trench planting is carried out (0.5-1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant per year).
2.2 flower-strengthening fertilizer
In order to promote flower bud differentiation, flower bud germination and flower spike growth and improve flower quality. 100-150 g of urea and 200-400 g of compound fertilizer are applied to each plant before and after a large amount of flower buds sprout, or 1% of urea or potassium nitrate is added in combination of spraying for topdressing outside roots.
2.3 fertilizer for fruit
When young fruits rapidly expand 1-1.5 months after flowering, 500g of compound fertilizer is applied to promote fruit growth and development, increase the volume and improve the fruit quality; meanwhile, the contradictory action of nutrient differentiation of the fruits and the branches is coordinated, so that nutrients required by fruit development are ensured, and the fruit drop of the No. 2 secondary treatment is reduced.
3 moisture management
In the water management process of the mango garden, drought irrigation and waterlogging drainage, drought prevention and accumulation prevention are realized. Watering after picking fruits when meeting drought, and culturing fruiting mother branches; in the flower and fruit period, irrigation is enhanced, and the cotton ears are irrigated in the initial period of cotton ear sprouting to ensure that the sprouting cotton ears are neat and robust; watering in the flowering period to ensure that flower and fruit dropping is reduced; the fruits are irrigated in the fruiting period and the physiological fruit drop period to achieve less fruit drop and fast fruit growth; the entity volume and the yield of the irrigation fruits can be greatly increased in the fruit expanding period; when dry hot air is encountered in the flowering period, water can be sprayed on the tree crowns, flower falling prevention of the mango garden is improved, and fruit setting rate is improved; however, in the process of double cropping of the Tainong No. 1 mango in one year, the growth of autumn shoots is stopped, water is controlled after fruit picking for the first time to promote flower bud differentiation, the success of controlling shoots and promoting flower is ensured, and a shoot flushing phenomenon is caused if a large amount of water is irrigated in the period.
4 flower and fruit management
4.1 controlling tip
Tip control with 15% paclobutrazol is common in mango. The application period in the Hainan Sanhe Ledong area is 5 months, the application amount is different according to different amounts of tree bodies, and the amount of the trees of 3-4 years old is 5-10 g/plant; the dosage of 5-6-year trees is more than 20 g/plant and the dosage of 7-year trees is 20-25 g/plant. Digging an annular shallow ditch with the depth of about 10-15 cm and the width of 5-10 cm on the inner side of a tree crown water dripping line, preparing 10-15 kg of water according to the amount of plants, uniformly spraying the water into the ditch, covering soil, keeping the soil moist after application, and irrigating in combination with drought.
4.2 flower growth promotion
When the flower promoter is sprayed, fruiting mother branches need to be fully aged and stable, and are drought and low-temperature for a period of time; when the flower promoting agent is used, if the combination 1 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 1 prepared from the combination 1, if the combination 2 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 2 prepared from the combination 2, and if the combination 3 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 3 prepared from the combination 3, wherein the concentration of potassium nitrate in the treatment liquid 1 is 5-15 g/L, the concentration of cytokinin in the treatment liquid 2 is 0.01-0.1 g/L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol in the treatment liquid 3 is 0.5-1.5 g/L; then uniformly spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces.
5 pruning tree body
5.1 pruning before flower bud differentiation
Thinning dense branches, weak branches, dead branches, insect-disease branches, crossing branches, overlapping branches and spindly branches so as to increase the ventilation transmittance of the tree crown and promote the flower bud differentiation. For the plants which grow vigorously and do not result for many years, the growth of the plants can be inhibited by methods of annular peeling of main branches, annular cutting, iron wire binding, root breaking and the like, and the flower bud differentiation is promoted.
5.2 pruning after the second physiological fruit drop
And (3) cutting off pedicels and branches which influence fruit development after the second physiological fruit drop (6-7 weeks after the flowers grow and the fruit diameter is 2-4 cm), thinning malformed fruits, diseased and insect-infected fruits and undersized fruiting and fruit breeding, wherein the fruit stems and branches are reasonably distributed according to tree vigor, branch thickness, single fruit weight and the like, and 3-4 fruits which are normally developed are reserved in one fruit cluster.
5.3 pruning after picking
5.3.1 pruning after first-maturing fruit picking
Pruning is carried out after fruit picking at about Yuan Dan, and pruning in the period is mainly to dredge insect-pest branches, dead branches and weak and dark branches in the tree crown, increase the transmittance of the tree crown and restore the tree vigor.
5.3.2 pruning after second-maturing fruit picking
In the last ten days of 5 months, the branches are retracted, the intercrossed branches, the overlapped branches, the overlong and over-vigorous branches and fruiting mother branches are cut back, and the dense branches, the dead branches, the insect-plague branches, the aged branches, the drooping branches, the weak branches and the bare-grown branches are cut off. Maintaining the original tree shape and promoting rapid treetop and branching; after the new shoots occur, bud picking is carried out to leave shoots, 1-3 young shoots are left on each branch, meanwhile, the tree vigor is adjusted, and strong branches of trees with strong tree vigor are removed to leave weak branches; leaving medium branches for trees with medium tree vigor, removing strong branches and weak branches, and leaving medium branches; and removing weak branches of the trees with weak tree vigor and reserving strong branches. The proper size of the tree crown, the proper quantity of branches and leaves, the ventilation and the light transmission of the tree crown are maintained, the harm of diseases and pests is reduced, the contradiction between growth and fruiting is adjusted, and the phenomenon of fruiting in the big year and the small year is overcome.
5.3 flower and fruit protection
Placing animal viscera or fish and shrimp with putrefactive odor in full bloom stage to attract green head fly, Huangfeng, Formica Fusca, etc., introducing fly into garden, improving pollination medium, simultaneously, respectively spraying 1 time 50ml/L gibberellin + 0.2% borax + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and timely picking off young sprout. Spraying 0.2% calcium chloride solution and amino acid solution for 1 time about 15 days and 30 days after flower withering to delay fruit drop.
According to field investigation and preliminary statistics, the yield of the two-cropping table-farming-first-mango demonstration base per year is increased by about 44% compared with the one-cropping table-farming-first-mango base per year, the yield of each mu is increased by about 1000 kilograms, and the manpower cost and the agricultural cost are increased by 1500 yuan/mu according to the average market price of 10 yuan/kg at present. Therefore, the average increase of the acre of the first-crop mango demonstration base land of two-cropping Tainong in one year is 8500 yuan.
TABLE 1 exemplary base yield statistics
| Year of year | Yield (kilogram/mu) | Univalent (yuan/kg) |
| Fruit of 2013 summer | 1400 | 7 |
| Fruit in 2014 summer | 1250 | 6 |
| 2014 winter fruit | 1000 | 10 |
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A high-efficiency planting method for two-harvest-a-year Tainong mangoes is characterized in that the first-harvest-stage tip-control flower promotion is carried out in the middle and late ten days of 5 months, the mangoes bloom before and after mid-autumn, and the mangoes come into the market before the first-year-old; after the mango picking is finished, carrying out the second-maturing flower promotion before the first day of the first day, picking the second-maturing mango in the middle and last ten days of 5 months, wherein,
the flower promoting agent used in the flower promoting is selected from one or more of combination 1, combination 2 and combination 3; wherein the composition 1 comprises potassium nitrate and 6-BA, and the ratio of the potassium nitrate to the 6-BA is 5-15 g: 0.02 g; the composition 2 comprises cytokinin and sodium nitrate, and the ratio of the cytokinin to the sodium nitrate is 0.01-0.1 g: 26.67 g; the composition 3 comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.5-1.5 g: 1 ml;
the method specifically comprises the following operations:
first, fertilization management
Fruit picking fertilizer: applying a heavy fertilizer after picking fruits, applying a chemical fertilizer first and then applying an organic fertilizer 20 days before picking fruits, or simultaneously applying the organic fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer accounts for 60-70% of the whole year; the deep ditch is opened for full application of organic fertilizer 30-50 kg/plant/year, lime 0.5-1 kg/plant/year, and the shallow ditch is opened for application of compound fertilizer 0.5-1 kg/plant/year;
flower strengthening fertilizer: applying 100-150 g of urea and 200-400 g of compound fertilizer to each plant before and after a large amount of flower buds sprout, or spraying the fertilizer and adding 1% of urea or potassium nitrate as extra-root topdressing;
fruit strengthening fertilizer: when young fruits rapidly expand 1-1.5 months after flowering, 500g of compound fertilizer is added;
second, water content management
In the water management process of the mango garden, drought irrigation, waterlogging drainage, drought prevention and accumulation prevention are realized: watering after picking fruits in drought; in the flower and fruit stage, irrigation is enhanced, and irrigation is needed in the initial stage of flower spike sprouting; irrigating water in the flowering period; irrigating water in a fruiting period and a physiological fruit drop period; irrigating water in the fruit expanding period; when dry hot air is encountered in the flowering period, water can be sprayed on the tree crown; in the process of double cropping cultivation of Tainong No. 1 mango in one year, stopping growth of autumn shoots and controlling water after first fruit picking;
management of flowers, fruits and fruits
Controlling the tip: controlling tips by using 15% paclobutrazol; the application period in the Hainan Sanhe Ledong area is 5 months, and the using amount of trees at 3-4 ages is 5-10 g/tree; the dosage of trees is 20 g/tree at 5-6 ages, and the dosage of trees is 20-25 g/tree at more than 7 ages; digging an annular shallow ditch with the depth of 10-15 cm and the width of 5-10 cm at the inner side of a tree crown water dripping line, preparing 10-15 kg of water by using the medicine according to the amount of plants, uniformly spraying the water into a ditch, covering soil, keeping the soil moist after application, and irrigating in combination with drought;
promoting flower growth: when the flower promoter is sprayed, fruiting mother branches need to be fully aged and stable, and are drought and low-temperature for a period of time; when the flower promoting agent is used, if the combination 1 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 1 prepared from the combination 1, if the combination 2 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 2 prepared from the combination 2, and if the combination 3 exists in the flower promoting agent, the treatment liquid 3 prepared from the combination 3, wherein the concentration of potassium nitrate in the treatment liquid 1 is 5-15 g/L, the concentration of cytokinin in the treatment liquid 2 is 0.01-0.1 g/L, and the concentration of paclobutrazol in the treatment liquid 3 is 0.5-1.5 g/L; then uniformly spraying the fertilizer on the leaf surfaces;
fourthly, pruning tree bodies
Pruning before flower bud differentiation: thinning out dense branches, weak branches, dead branches, insect-disease branches, crossing branches, overlapping branches and spindly branches; for plants which grow vigorously and do not result for many years, the growth of the plants needs to be inhibited;
and (3) trimming after the second physiological fruit drop: cutting off pedicels and branches which influence the development of fruits, thinning malformed fruits, diseased and insect-infected fruits and undersized fruiting and breeding fruits, and reserving 3-4 fruits which are normally developed for one fruit cluster according to the tree vigor, the thickness of the branches, the weight of a single fruit and the like, wherein the distribution is reasonable;
trimming after picking fruits:
trimming after the first-maturing fruit picking: pruning is carried out at about Yuan Dan after fruit picking, and pruning at the time is mainly to dredge insect-pest branches, dead branches and weak and dark branches in the tree crown, so as to increase the transmittance of the tree crown and restore the tree vigor;
and (3) trimming after second-maturing and fruit picking: in the last ten days of 5 months, retracting branches of crossing, overlapping, overlong and over-vigorous branches and fruiting mother branches between or in the crown, thinning and shearing dense branches, dead branches, insect-disease branches, senile branches, drooping branches, weak branches and bare-grown branches; after the new shoots occur, bud picking is carried out to leave shoots, 1-3 young shoots are left on each branch, meanwhile, the tree vigor is adjusted, and strong branches of trees with strong tree vigor are removed to leave weak branches; leaving medium branches for trees with medium tree vigor, removing strong branches and weak branches, and leaving medium branches; removing weak branches of trees with weak tree vigor and reserving strong branches; the proper size of the tree crown, the proper quantity of branches and leaves and the ventilation and light transmission of the tree crown are kept;
five, flower and fruit protection
Introducing a pollination medium into the garden in the full-bloom stage, spraying 50ml/L gibberellin solution, 0.2% borax solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 1 time respectively, and picking off new shoots in time; spraying 0.2% calcium chloride solution and amino acid solution for 1 time 15 days and 30 days after flower withering;
sixthly, covering: and covering the soil by using a covering material, wherein the thickness of the covering material is 3-5 cm, and the distance between the covering material and the trunk is 15 cm.
2. The efficient planting method of claim 1, wherein the ratio of potassium nitrate to 6-BA is 10 g: 0.02 g; the ratio of cytokinin to sodium nitrate is 0.04 g: 26.67 g; the proportions of paclobutrazol and ethephon are as follows: 1.0 g: 1 ml.
3. The efficient planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flower promoting agent is combination 1, combination 2 or combination 3.
4. The efficient planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of potassium nitrate in the treatment solution 1 is 10g/L, and the concentration of 6-BA is 0.02 g/L; the concentration of cytokinin in the treatment solution 2 was 0.04g/L, and the concentration of sodium nitrate was 26.67 g/L; the concentration of paclobutrazol in the treating liquid 3 is 1.0g/L, and the concentration of ethephon is 1 ml/L.
5. The efficient planting method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising the following operations:
intercropping: and (3) intercropping the dwarf crops with low fertility consumption and slow growth in the row, wherein the intercropping distance from the mango tree trunk is more than 1 m.
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| CN108738982A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 申琳 | A kind of method that the prevention and control mango florescence damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature |
| CN109090124A (en) * | 2018-07-25 | 2018-12-28 | 广西田阳县创新农业综合开发有限公司 | A kind of mango is growth regulator dedicated and preparation method thereof |
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| CN109105116A (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2019-01-01 | 广西田东县东辰农业开发有限公司 | A kind of flower promoting method of late-maturing mountainous region mango |
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| CN110249772B (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-12-21 | 云南省热带作物科学研究所 | Method for improving nutrient utilization efficiency of mango in flowering phase |
| CN110326450B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2021-05-21 | 广西大学 | Preparation capable of improving ecological environment of mango in flowering period and improving yield and quality and use method |
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| CN112293136A (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-02-02 | 西南林业大学 | Technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes for 1-3 months |
| CN112753409A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-07 | 华中农业大学 | Flowering phase regulation and control method and application of allium multiflorum |
| CN114391407B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-07-04 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Method for improving internal quality of bagged mangoes |
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