CN112293136A

CN112293136A - Technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes for 1-3 months

Info

Publication number: CN112293136A
Application number: CN202011295754.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 邓志新
Original assignee: Southwest Forestry University
Current assignee: Southwest Forestry University
Priority date: 2020-11-18
Filing date: 2020-11-18
Publication date: 2021-02-02

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mango planting, and discloses a technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes for 1-3 months, which comprises the following steps: 1) before spraying on leaf surfaces (no more than 45min), selecting nitrate nitrogen phosphorus potassium calcium fertilizer and spherical nano carbon sol at the level of agricultural foliar fertilizer according to the proportion of 10 parts of nitrogen, 10 parts of phosphorus, 20 parts of potassium, 10 parts of calcium and 1 part of carbon, adding 100-25 times of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a preparation for later use; 2) spraying the preparation dissolved in water prepared in the step 1) to the surfaces of mango leaves by using a sprayer after 6 o' clock later in a proper phenological period (mature and stable tip leaves) in autumn and winter (10-1 months); 3) and (3) repeating the step (2) one to two times at intervals of 7-15 days according to the sprouting process condition of the mango terminal buds and the weather condition (the spraying is carried out in three days, raining and additional spraying are needed according to the condition). The technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes 1-3 months in advance obviously shortens the action time from the use of a preparation to the flowering of the mangoes, and has low cost and small side effect.

Description

Technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes for 1-3 months

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mango planting, in particular to a technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes for 1-3 months.

Background

Mango is known as the king of tropical fruit, is deeply loved by consumers due to the nutrition such as delicious taste and abundant vitamins, but is only produced in (sub) tropical areas; as the second major mango producing country in the world, China still imports tens of millions of dollars of fresh mangoes every year, only partial areas of Hainan (three, Hainan, east and Changjiang) can supply mangoes in peak period of early season price (2-4 months) at present, although average purchase price (yuan/kg) of average produced in 2-4 months can be 50-200% higher than that in peak period

The production of Hainan early season mango generally adopts a plant growth regulator paclobutrazol (soil application or foliage spraying) to advance the flowering period and improve the flowering rate, the paclobutrazol has the side effects of long action time (different in 30-90 days, namely different according to the variety, soil, moisture and paclobutrazol application mode and concentration) from application to mango flowering, inhibiting the vegetative growth and reducing the fruit sugar content to cause the premature senility of tree bodies and the reduction of taste quality, and the main mode of paclobutrazol root application enables the residual period in the soil to be as long as 3 years, so that the life cycle of a mango garden can be integrally shortened. However, common mango growers and large-scale commercial enterprises in China hardly apply paclobutrazol in a proper mode to avoid side effects, so that a technology capable of harvesting early-maturing mangoes in advance for 1-3 months without the side effects is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a technology for harvesting precocious mango in advance for 1-3 months, which has the advantages of low cost and small side effect, and solves the problems that the plant growth regulator paclobutrazol (soil application or foliage application) is generally adopted in the production of precocious mango in Hainan to advance the flowering period and improve the flowering rate, and the paclobutrazol is easy to generate the side effects of inhibiting the vegetative growth and reducing the sugar content of fruits to cause the premature senility of trees and the reduction of the taste and quality: the mangos need different amounts of paclobutrazol according to different varieties, soil, moisture and paclobutrazol application modes, but ordinary mango growers and large-scale commercial enterprises in China have difficulty in accurately applying paclobutrazol to avoid side effects, and the application method is not suitable for the growth of mangos comprehensively.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purposes of low cost and small side effect, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes in 1-3 months in advance comprises the following steps:

1) before spraying on leaf surfaces (no more than 45min), selecting nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium fertilizer and spherical nano carbon sol at the level of agricultural foliar fertilizer according to the proportion of 10 parts of nitrogen, 10 parts of phosphorus, 20 parts of potassium, 10 parts of calcium and 1 part of carbon, adding the mixture into 100-25 times of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a preparation for later use;

2) spraying the preparation dissolved in water prepared in the step 1) on the surfaces of the mango leaves by using a sprayer after 6 o' clock later in a proper phenological period (mature and stable tip leaves) in autumn and winter (10-1 month);

3) and (3) repeating the step (2) one to two times at intervals of 7-15 days according to the sprouting process condition of the mango terminal buds and the weather condition (the spraying is carried out in three days, raining and additional spraying are needed according to the condition).

Preferably, under the appropriate climatic conditions, the time from the implementation of the technical scheme to the mango blossoming is only 15-45 days, which is far shorter than the action time (30-90 days) of the prior art of early blossoming mainly by paclobutrazol.

Preferably, the technology completely uses nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and carbon) required by plant growth, and obtains an accurate and efficient formula through repeated tests, so that the application of the technology greatly saves manpower, material resources and time.

(III) advantageous effects

The mango trees which are suitable for bearing fruits and are processed according to the technical scheme of the invention in the harvesting period are broken to be dormant within 15-45 days according to specific weather conditions, and series reproductive growth processes such as flower bud differentiation, flowering, fruiting and the like are started, so that the early-maturing mangoes processed by the technical scheme of the invention are harvested 1-3 months ahead of time. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes in 1-3 months in advance, the foliar spraying agent is prepared by adding the nutrient elements required by plant growth such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, carbon and the like in a reasonable proportion, the reproductive growth of plants is promoted, the early flowering effect is quickly and efficiently achieved, the side effects that paclobutrazol blocks the vegetative growth and reduces the fruit quality are not generated in the specified application dosage range, and no residue is generated in fruit detection; the nanoscale hydrosol activated carbon is added into the foliar nutrition spraying agent, so that the carbon fertilizer supply is increased, and the foliar absorption and conversion efficiency is remarkably improved; the formula components of the spraying agent are all nutrient elements required by plant growth, the absorption and metabolic rate of other nutrient elements are also obviously improved, the action time from the use of the agent to the flowering of mangoes is finally obviously shortened, the cost is low, and the side effect is small.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows: a technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes in 1-3 months in advance comprises the following steps:

1) before spraying on leaf surfaces (no more than 45min), selecting nitrate nitrogen phosphorus potassium calcium fertilizer and spherical nano carbon sol at the level of agricultural foliar fertilizer according to the proportion of 10 parts of nitrogen, 10 parts of phosphorus, 20 parts of potassium, 10 parts of calcium and 1 part of carbon, adding 100-25 times of water, and uniformly stirring to prepare a preparation for later use;

2) spraying the water-dissolved preparation prepared in step 1) on the leaf surfaces of mangoes by using a sprayer after 6 o' clock later in a proper phenological period in autumn and winter (10-1 months).

The application amount of the sprayer in the step 2) is based on that fine fog drops are distributed on the leaf surface but do not drop, and the spraying and atomizing degree of the sprayer in the step 2) is adjusted to the following degree according to different types and models of different sprayers: the leaf surface can be uniformly distributed with fine fogdrops, and the liquid drops do not easily flow down.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes in 1-3 months is characterized in that a foliar spraying agent is prepared by adding nutrient elements required by plant growth such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, carbon and the like in a reasonable proportion, the reproductive growth of plants is promoted, the early-maturing effect is achieved quickly and efficiently, the side effects of nutrition growth inhibition and fruit quality reduction of paclobutrazol do not occur within a specified application dosage range, the nanoscale hydrosol active carbon is added into the foliar nutrition spraying agent, the carbon fertilizer supply is increased, the foliar absorption and transformation efficiency is improved remarkably, the formula components of the spraying agent are all the nutrient elements required by the plant growth, the absorption and metabolism rates of other nutrient elements are improved remarkably, the action time from the preparation use to mango blooming is shortened remarkably, the cost is low, the side effects are small, and the problem that the nutrient growth inhibition and the flowering of the early-maturing mangoes in the mango region are brought by the general adoption of the paclobutrazol serving as a plant growth regulator is solved, The reduction of fruit sugar causes premature senility of tree bodies, reduced taste quality, shortened integral life span of orchards and long-term residual side effect of paclobutrazol in soil, and has great social, economic and environmental popularization values.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes in 1-3 months in advance is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2) spraying the preparation dissolved in water prepared in the step 1) to the surfaces of mango leaves by using a sprayer after 6 o' clock later in a proper phenological period (mature and stable tip leaves) in autumn and winter (10-1 months);

2. The technology for harvesting early-maturing mangoes in 1-3 months in advance according to claim 1, wherein under suitable climatic conditions, only 15-45 days are needed from implementation of the technical scheme to mango flowering, and the action time is much shorter than that of the existing early-flowering technology (30-90 days) mainly based on paclobutrazol.

3. The technology for harvesting mango trees early after 1-3 months as claimed in claim 1, wherein the technology completely uses nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and carbon) required by plant growth, and a precise and efficient formula is obtained through repeated tests, so that the application of the technology greatly saves manpower, material resources and time.