CN114467943B - Amphoteric flower induction composition with cassava fertility and method for twice annual induction flowering and seed setting - Google Patents
Amphoteric flower induction composition with cassava fertility and method for twice annual induction flowering and seed setting Download PDFInfo
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- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 title abstract description 29
- 241000658379 Manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta Species 0.000 title 1
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000411 inducer Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N D-xylopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1COC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-IOVATXLUSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000010153 self-pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-4-[hydroxy(methyl)phosphoryl]butanoic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O IAJOBQBIJHVGMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005561 Glufosinate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005842 biochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
- A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
Abstract
The invention provides an induction composition and an induction method for amphoteric flowers with fertility of cassava, and relates to the technical field of cassava cultivation. The invention utilizes the induction composition to carry out amphoteric flower induction on the cassava, so that the cassava can bloom and fruit twice in succession within one year. The new selection 048 of the branched variety and the south planting 199 (NZ 199) and 561 of the two unbranched varieties (systems) are induced by the induction composition and the induction method, the two-generation induced flowering rate is 100%, the fruiting rate is 100%, and the germination rate of part of seeds is measured to reach more than 80%, so that the breeding period can be obviously shortened, and the breeding efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cassava cultivation, and particularly relates to an amphoteric flower induction composition with fertility of cassava and a method for twice annual induction flowering and seed setting.
Background
Cassava is a special crop with advantages in Guangxi province, and the area and the yield of the cassava are more than 60% of the national standard, so that the wide adaptability, high yield and high starch double-high new varieties are bred, popularized and applied, and the improvement of the planting benefit is a fundamental premise for guaranteeing the industrial competitiveness of the Guangxi cassava. However, the problem of serious unbalance of flowering sex ratio exists in both natural flowering of tropical cassava and regulated flowering of subtropical cassava such as Guangxi and the like. For example Wang Zong, it is reported that the cassava inflorescences mainly exist in single flowers, wherein the male flowers account for 87% -94% and the female flowers account for 6% -13%. Wei Lijun and the like report that cassava only flowers in a small part of China, and has fewer female flowers and more male flowers, and the proportion of female flowers and male flowers is seriously unbalanced. Li Rui identical results also show that the inflorescences of cassava mainly comprise two inflorescences of full male inflorescences and female inflorescences of little male flowers and more female flowers, and female flowers are obviously less than male flowers. Therefore, many researchers are devoted to controlling the flowering period and the flowering sex of the perennial root and the current year of the cassava, so that the flowering period of the cassava is advanced and the proportion of female flowers is improved to different degrees. However, no report about twice inducing the cassava to bloom and seed in the year is made no matter the cassava is planted in the perennial root or the current year.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide the amphiprotic flower induction composition with the fertility and the method for inducing flowering and seed setting twice in the year, the cassava is induced by the induction composition, two seeds can be harvested in the year, the cassava breeding period is shortened, and the breeding efficiency is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an inducing composition of amphoteric flowers with fertility of cassava, which comprises the following components: the mass volume ratio of the chitin potassium humate, glucose, sodium chloride and potassium molybdate is 4-8 ml: 0.8-1.5 g: 3-10 g: 5-15 mg.
Preferably, when the induction composition is used for inducing the cassava to bloom at least twice a year, and the flowering of the cassava in the same year is induced after the first time of the flowering induction, the induction composition further comprises a compound fertilizer, and the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 5-15 g/kg of the induction composition or 5-15 g/L of the induction composition.
Preferably, the effective component of the compound fertilizer is N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 O meter, N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass ratio of O is 13:5:42.
The invention also provides application of the induction composition in inducing cassava to bloom and seed at least twice a year.
The invention also provides a cassava induction method for harvesting two seeds in one year, which comprises the following steps: (1) Two symmetrical buds are selected and reserved for each pocket to be cultivated, and a flower bud inducer is sprayed in the late 4 months, wherein the flower bud inducer comprises 4-8 ml/L chitin potassium humate, 3-10 g sodium chloride and 5-15 g/L compound fertilizer;
(2) Spraying the induction composition once every 5 days from the time of flower bud emergence to the time of flower pollination;
(3) Pollination is carried out in the middle ten days of 5 months, a pair of new branches which are cultivated within 20cm from the ground height are selected and reserved in the upper ten days of 7 months (in the later period of first fruiting) to serve as fruiting branches of the second seed, and organic fertilizer is applied;
(4) Harvesting the first seed and cutting off fruit branches in 7 ten days of the middle month, and spraying the flower bud inducer on the fruit branches of the second seed;
(5) Spraying the induction composition once every 5 days from the time of flower bud emergence to the time of flower pollination;
(6) Pollination is carried out in the late 8 months, and the second seed is harvested in the beginning of 10 to 11 months.
Preferably, the flower bud inducer in the step (1) is sprayed once every 5 days for 2 times, and each time is sprayed to leaf drops.
Preferably, the spraying in step (2) or step (5) includes: when the male flowers and the female flowers are induced to have the fertility, spraying is started from the occurrence of flower buds, and spraying is performed once every 5 days; when inducing female fertility ampholytic flowers, spraying is carried out from the bud initiation period, and spraying is carried out every 5 days.
Preferably, in step (2) or step (5), the spraying is carried out until the fruiting period, and the method further comprises the step of erasing leaf buds.
Preferably, the applying the organic fertilizer in step (3) includes: 50-150 g of pocket Shi Ziniu organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the pollination in step (3) or step (6) comprises: spraying xylose water solution with the mass percentage content of 0.5-1.0% for 1 time in the morning of sunny days in the full bloom stage;
artificial hybridization pollination or natural hybridization pollination is carried out on the amphoteric flowers with female fertility;
self-pollination is carried out on the amphoteric flowers with fertility for both male and female.
The beneficial effects are that: the invention provides an inducing composition for amphoteric flowers of cassava, which is capable of inducing the amphoteric flowers of the cassava, and the inducing composition is used for inducing the amphoteric flowers of the cassava, so that the induced amphoteric flowers are good in quality and have no invalid malformed flowers, and the cassava can bloom and seed twice in a year. In the embodiment of the invention, the new selection 048 of the branched variety and two non-branched varieties (lines) NZ199 and 561 are taken as examples, the two-way induced flowering rate is 100%, the fruiting rate is 100%, and the germination rate of part of seeds is measured to reach more than 80%, so that the breeding period can be obviously shortened, and the breeding efficiency can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an ampholytic flower spike induced in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a first fruit-making diagram of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a second fruit-making diagram of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a small amount of flower buds induced in comparative example 1;
FIG. 5 is a withered ear of flowers of comparative example 2;
FIG. 6 is a first fruit set of comparative example 3;
fig. 7 is a second fruit of comparative document 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an inducing composition of amphoteric flowers with fertility of cassava, which comprises the following components: the mass volume ratio of the chitin potassium humate, glucose, sodium chloride and potassium molybdate is 4-8 ml: 0.8-1.5 g: 3-10 g: 5-15 mg.
The induction composition of the invention is preferably in the form of a liquid agent, comprising the following concentrations of components per L of the induction composition: 4-8 ml of chitin potassium humate, 0.8-1.5 g of glucose, 3-10 g of sodium chloride and 5-15 mg of potassium molybdate. In the induction composition of the invention, the potassium chitin humate is preferably potassium huidekang tablet chitin humate (the effective component potassium humate is more than or equal to 3.0 percent, N+P) 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 20%, the polysaccharide fermentation liquor, polyglutamic acid, polyaspartic acid, various chelated medium trace elements, fertilizer synergist, active calcium, chitin, rare earth essence and the like are contained, nutrition, trace elements and the like can be supplemented, glucose can provide energy required by physiological and biochemical reactions, sodium chloride can be used for manufacturing a physiological reverse mirror to stimulate flower bud differentiation and flower formation, and potassium molybdate can improve flower formation quality. After the components are combined, the nutrient accumulation and transportation in the body to the reproductive organ can be accelerated, the nutrient required by the development of the male and female stamen of the ampholytic flowers is satisfied, the induced ampholytic flowers have no deformity and have good quality, the differentiation and early flowering of the early flower buds are realized, the fruit development is promoted, and the flower and fruit drop are prevented.
The induction composition can be used for two purposes a year so as to meet the effect of continuous flowering and fruiting twice a year, and when the induction composition is used for inducing cassava to bloom at least twice a year, the induction composition preferably further comprises a compound fertilizer after the first induction of flowering and the current flowering is further induced, and the dosage of the compound fertilizer is preferably 5-15 g/kg of the induction composition or 5-15 g/L of the induction composition. The effective component of the compound fertilizer of the invention is N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 O meter, N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass ratio of O is preferably 13:5:42. The source of the compound fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the Tai Bao compound fertilizer is selected in the embodimentThe raw materials are proportioned.
The invention also provides application of the induction composition in inducing cassava to bloom and seed at least twice a year.
The inducer and the induction method promote early differentiation of flower buds, stimulate and accelerate accumulation of nutrients in reproductive organs, promote formation of amphoteric flowers, regulate and control two types of amphoteric flowers with fertility of both male and female according to mating requirements, and reduce mating labor. Meanwhile, the inducer and the induction method can shorten the reproduction growth period, only about 70d is needed for flower bud differentiation to fruit maturity, and the second fruits are mature before 11 months, so that the seed quality is good and the germination rate is high.
The invention also provides a cassava induction method for harvesting two seeds in one year, which comprises the following steps: (1) Two symmetrical buds are selected and reserved for each pocket to be cultivated, and a flower bud inducer is sprayed in the late 4 months, wherein the flower bud inducer comprises 4-8 ml/L chitin potassium humate, 3-10 g sodium chloride and 5-15 g/L compound fertilizer;
(2) Spraying the induction composition once every 5 days from the time of flower bud emergence to the time of flower pollination;
(3) Pollination is carried out in the middle ten days of 5 months, a pair of new branches which are cultivated within 20cm from the ground are selected and reserved in the upper ten days of 7 months (the later period of the first fruiting), the new branches are used as fruiting branches of the second seed, and organic fertilizer is applied;
(4) Harvesting the first seed and cutting off fruit branches in 7 ten days of the middle month, and spraying the flower bud inducer on the fruit branches of the second seed;
(5) Spraying the induction composition once every 5 days from the time of flower bud emergence to the time of flower pollination;
(6) Pollination is carried out in the late 8 months, and the second seed is harvested in the beginning of 10 to 11 months.
Two symmetrical buds are selected and reserved for culture every pocket, and a flower bud inducer is sprayed in the late 4 months, wherein the flower bud inducer comprises 4-8 ml/L of chitin potassium humate, 3-10 g of sodium chloride and 5-15 g/L of compound fertilizer. The invention preferably further comprises a garden cleaning step before the cultivation, wherein the garden cleaning step preferably comprises the steps of carrying out winter on the whole plant of cassava, cutting off the whole plant of cassava in the middle 2 months of the next year, taking most of fresh stems which are cut off from the ground by about 20cm, cleaning residual branches and weeds, intensively burning or deeply burying the residual branches and weeds, and spraying 5-10 ml/L of 20% (v/v) glufosinate for preventing weeds in the whole garden after the garden cleaning step. After the garden is cleared, the seedlings are preferably thinned in the middle ten days of 3 months, two symmetrical and new robust seedlings are selected and reserved in each pocket, and redundant seedlings are wiped off.
The invention preferably also comprises controlling the growth of the flower bud inducer before spraying, more preferably comprises controlling the growth of the flower bud inducer in the middle ten days of 4 months, and the plant is combined with weeding and ridging before the high growth period of the plant, the soil is cultivated deeply between the rows or between the plants, partial root systems are cut off, and the absorption of the root systems to moisture and nutrients is reduced, so that the nutrient growth of the overground parts of the plant is slowed down, and the purposes of controlling the plant height, facilitating the later-stage artificial leaf bud smearing and hybridization pollination are achieved.
The invention sprays flower bud inducer in the last ten days of 4 months, wherein the spraying preferably comprises spraying once every 5 days for 2 times, and each time spraying to leaf drip.
The induction composition is sprayed once every 5 days from the time of flower bud emergence to the time of flower pollination. The invention preferably adopts different spraying means aiming at different types of amphoteric flowers, and specifically comprises the following steps: when inducing the male and female flowers with fertility, spraying is started from the occurrence of flower buds, and spraying is performed once every 5 days; when the female sexual amphiprotic flower is induced, the female sexual amphiprotic flower is sprayed from the bud initiation period, and is sprayed once every 5 days, and the female sexual amphiprotic flower is continuously sprayed until hybridization pollination, so that the female sexual amphiprotic flower can be promoted to inhibit male and female sexual amphiprotic flower, and the female sexual flower strain with sexual amphiprotic flower only can be obtained. The standard of the spraying amount is the same every time, and the water is dripped by the blade.
The invention preferably further comprises erasing the leaf buds from the initial period to the fruiting period, more preferably comprises manually checking 1 time every other day, finding the leaf buds to be scraped off in time, centralizing nutrition to supply reproductive growth, and after the flower buds appear, the more timely the leaf buds are scraped off, the reproductive growth is facilitated, the leaf buds are not scraped off in time, and the reproductive organ stops developing due to insufficient nutrition.
In the invention, pollination is carried out in the late 5 months, a pair of new branches with a cultivation distance of 20cm from the ground surface is selected and reserved in the late 7 months (the later stage of first fruiting), and the new branches are used as fruiting branches of the second seed, and organic fertilizer is applied. Harvesting the first seed and cutting off the first fruiting branch in the middle 7 th month, and spraying the flower bud inducer onto the second fruiting branch in time. The pollination according to the invention preferably comprises: spraying xylose water solution with the mass percentage content of 0.5-1.0% for 1 time in the morning of sunny days in the blooming period; artificial hybridization pollination or natural hybridization pollination is carried out on the amphoteric flowers with female fertility; for the amphoteric flowers with fertility of both male and female, self-pollen-feeding is carried out. The xylose water solution is sprayed to attract insects to carry out the actions of picking up powder, pollinating and pollinating, and meanwhile, the germination of pollen on stigma is facilitated.
In the present invention, artificial cross pollination or any natural cross pollination is performed on the female fertility amphiprotic flowers, preferably by collecting male flower pollen on the day of opening 11:00 to 15:00; for the amphoteric flowers with fertility, the ventilation and light-transmitting white net sleeve with more than 500 meshes is preferably sleeved on the day before the flowers are opened, the ropes at the bag openings are drawn tightly and tied, the bag is prevented from falling off, the insects and other mediums are prevented from cross pollination, and the amphoteric flowers are self-pollinated when the amphoteric flowers are opened.
The invention cultivates the second fruit-bearing branch in time in the last ten days of 7 months (the later period of the first fruit-bearing), the second fruit-bearing branch is preferably a pair of new fruit-bearing branches within 20cm from the ground, and the first fruit-bearing branch which is continuously mature on land is harvested in time in the ten days of 7 months and also preferably comprises low-position cutting of the old branch of the first fruit-bearing branch, namely cutting at a position 30cm from the ground, and the cutting preferably comprises dwarfing and short cutting, thereby being beneficial to flower formation and manual management. In the invention, when the second fruiting branch is selected, 50-150 g/pocket of organic fertilizer is applied, the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 90%, the amino acid content is more than or equal to 40% and the N+P content is more than or equal to 2 O 5 +K 2 O is more than or equal to 12 percent. In the embodiment of the invention, the commercial organic fertilizer for the purple cattle is preferably utilized for topdressing, which is beneficial to cultivating new branches and can accelerate the flower formation and fruit bearing of the new branches.
The invention sprays the flower bud inducer onto the fruit bearing branches of the second seed-making in 7 months, the composition and the spraying amount of the flower bud inducer are preferably the same as the above, and the description is omitted here.
The induction composition is sprayed once every 5 days from the time of flower bud emergence to the time of flower pollination. Because the flowering is the second flowering, the compound fertilizer is added into the induction composition when the induction composition is sprayed, and the content of the compound fertilizer is preferably 5-15 g/L. The compound fertilizer is preferably the same as the compound fertilizer, and is not described in detail herein. The standard and the amount of the composition for inducing the induction of the present invention are preferably the same as those described above, and will not be described in detail herein.
The invention pollinates in the late 8 months, and the second seed is harvested in the beginning of 10 months to 11 months. The pollination according to the present invention is preferably the same as described above and will not be described in detail here. In the invention, the second fruits are mature in the beginning of 10 to 11 months, and the mature fruits are harvested in time to prevent worm damage and cold damage caused by extremely low temperature weather.
The following describes in detail the inducing composition and the inducing method of the amphoteric flower with fertility of cassava provided by the invention with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1. Cultivation of first fruit-bearing technique
1.1 garden cleaning
The whole perennial root of the cassava passes through winter, and in the middle 2 months of the next year, the whole perennial root of the cassava is cut at a position which is about 20cm away from the ground, and most of fresh stems cut can be used as seed stems. Cleaning residual branches and weeds, and intensively burning or deeply burying. 7ml/L of 20% glufosinate ammonium is sprayed on the whole field after the field is cleared.
1.2 selecting and leaving seedlings
Thinning in 3 ten days, selecting two symmetrical and new strong sprouts in each pocket, and wiping off redundant sprouts.
1.3 controlling the growth
In the middle ten days of 4 months, weeding and ridging are combined before the plant pulls up to grow in the middle ten days, soil is cultivated deeply in the rows or between plants, part of root systems are cut off, the absorption of the root systems to moisture and nutrients is reduced, the growth of overground parts of the plants is slowed down, and the purposes of controlling plant height and facilitating later-stage artificial leaf bud picking and hybridization pollination are achieved.
1.4 flower bud promotion
In the last ten days of 4 months,spraying N to P 2 O 5 :K 2 The Hantai precious compound fertilizer with O of 13:5:42 is sprayed for 1 time at intervals of about 5d and 2 times continuously until the leaves just drip water, wherein 7g/L of the Hantai precious compound fertilizer is added with 5ml/L of chitin potassium humate and 8g/L of sodium chloride.
1.5 flower (FIG. 1)
And (3) inducing the amphiprotic flowers with both male and female fertility: the flower bud is started to spray 5ml/L of chitin humic acid potassium, 1.0g/L of glucose, 4g/L of sodium chloride and 10mg/L of potassium molybdate in time, and the flower bud is sprayed for 1 time at intervals of 5 days until the leaf drops immediately, and the flower bud pollinates continuously.
Female fertility amphiprotic flowers: the bud initiation period is sprayed with 5ml/L of chitin humic acid potassium, 1.0g/L of glucose, 4g/L of sodium chloride and 10mg/L of potassium molybdate in time, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 5d until the leaves just drip water, and the spraying is carried out until hybridization pollination, so that the female and the male can be promoted, and the amphoteric flower plant only capable of female fertility is obtained. Induction of male flowers: the whole process of the initiation period of the flower buds stops taking medicine, and the full-male flower plants are easy to obtain.
1.6 leaf bud picking
The flower buds are manually checked 1 time every other day from the beginning period to the fruiting period, and the leaf buds are timely scraped off and are intensively supplied for reproductive growth. After the flower buds appear, the more timely the leaf buds are smeared, the more favorable the reproduction and growth are, and when the leaf buds are smeared, the reproduction organs stop developing due to insufficient nutrition.
1.7 pollination
In the late 5 th ten days, the various flowers are sequentially opened, and 1 time of 0.8% of the xylose is sprayed on the sunny morning in the full bloom stage to attract insects to carry out the actions of picking, pollinating and pollinating, and meanwhile, the germination of pollen on the column heads is facilitated. Female fertility amphiprotic flower hybridization: the male pollen is collected 11:00 to 15:00 on the day of opening for artificial cross pollination or natural cross pollination. Selfing of male and female fertility amphoteric flowers: and (3) sleeving a ventilation and light-transmitting white net sleeve with the size of more than 500 meshes on the day before the flowers are opened, drawing a rope at the mouth of the bag, tying, preventing the bag from falling off, crossing and pollinating by mediums such as insects, and the like, and carrying out self-pollination when the amphoteric flowers are opened.
1.8 cultivating the second fruiting branch in time and harvesting the first fruiting
A pair of new branches which are close to the ground within 20cm are selected and cultivated in time in the last 7 months (the later stage of first fruit making), and the organic fertilizer of Shi Ziniu is packed by 80g, so that the cultivation of the new branches is facilitated, and the flower bud differentiation of the new branches can be accelerated. The first mature fruit (figure 2) is harvested in time in the middle 7 months, and the old branches of the first fruit are cut off by a branch scissors at a position 30cm away from the ground, so that the dwarfing and short-cut treatment is beneficial to the second flower forming and manual management.
2. Cultivation of second fruit-bearing technique
2.1 flower bud promotion
Spraying N to P in 7 middle ten days 2 O 5 :K 2 The Hantai precious compound fertilizer with O of 13:5:42 is prepared by spraying 7g/L of potassium humate with alpha-chitin 5ml/L and 8g/L of sodium chloride for 1 time at intervals of about 5d and 2 times continuously until the leaves just drip water.
2.2 promoting the various flowers
Inducing both male and female fertility amphiprotic flowers: spraying N and P at the beginning of flower bud 2 O 5 :K 2 Hantai precious compound fertilizer with O of 13:5:42, wherein the concentration of the compound fertilizer is 7g/L, the concentration of the chitin potassium humate is 5ml/L, the concentration of the glucose is 1.0g/L++ sodium chloride is 8g/L, the concentration of the potassium molybdate is 10mg/L, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 5 days, and the spraying is continued until the flower blooms and pollinates. Female fertility amphiprotic flowers: spraying N and P in bud initiation period 2 O 5 :K 2 And (3) spraying 7g/L of Hantai Bao compound fertilizer phosphate fertilizer with O of 13:5:42, 5ml/L of chitin potassium humate, 1.0g/L of glucose, 8g/L of sodium chloride and 10mg/L of potassium molybdate for 1 time at intervals of 5 days by taking just dropping water from leaves as a stop, and continuously spraying until flowering and pollination.
2.3 leaf bud picking
The flower buds are manually checked 1 time every other day from the beginning period to the fruiting period, and the leaf buds are timely scraped off and are intensively supplied for reproductive growth. After the flower buds appear, the more timely the leaf buds are smeared, the flower formation and the fruiting are facilitated.
2.4 pollination
The flowers in the late 8 th ten days are sequentially opened, and 1 time of 0.8% of xylose is sprayed on the sunny morning in the full bloom stage to attract insects to carry out the actions of pollen collection, pollination and pollination, and meanwhile, the germination of pollen on the heads of the pillars is facilitated. Female fertility amphiprotic flower hybridization: the pollen of the male flowers is collected from 12:00 to 16:00 of the day of opening for artificial pollination hybridization or natural hybridization pollination. The female and male flowers can be cultivated, namely, a ventilation and light-transmitting white net sleeve with more than 500 meshes is sleeved on the day before the flowers are opened, ropes at the bag openings are drawn tightly and tied, the bag is prevented from falling off, insects and other mediums are prevented from cross pollination, and the flowers can self pollinate when the flowers are opened.
2.5 harvesting second fruit
The second fruit set matures successively from 10 late months to 11 early months (fig. 3), and the mature fruit is found to be harvested in time to be insect-resistant and cold-damaged by very low temperature weather.
Comparative example 1
Except that the ratio of the inducing composition was different from that of example 1, the operation was the same as that of example 1, and the mass/volume ratio of potassium chitin humate, glucose, sodium chloride and potassium molybdate in the inducing composition of this comparative example was 3ml:0.5g:2g:4mg, the flower buds were not differentiated or only a small amount of flower buds were differentiated, and the flower buds were dropped without beginning sex differentiation (fig. 4).
Comparative example 2
Except that the ratio of the induction composition is different from that of the example 1, the rest operation is the same as the example 1, the mass-volume ratio of the chitin potassium humate, the glucose, the sodium chloride and the potassium molybdate in the induction composition of the comparative example exceeds 10ml to 2.0g to 22g to 20mg, fertilizer damage usually occurs, especially in high-temperature weather of 6-9 months, after spraying, leaves and differentiated flower buds and flowers are easy to burn due to too fast evaporation of water, and flower buds and flowers fall off (figure 5), so that the purposes of promoting flower buds and flowers are not achieved, and fruit bearing and seed bearing are not realized.
Comparative example 3: cassava amphoteric flower breeding method (patent number ZL 201410703315.2)
The biggest difference between the invention and the comparative example 3 is that the flowering rate of flowers which are induced to bloom and seed in two times a year of the branched and unbranched varieties (lines) by the invention reaches 100 percent, and the quality of flowers which are formed by malformed flowers and amphoteric flowers is good; the fruiting rate of the two fruits reaches 100%, the seed quality is good, and the germination rate reaches more than 80%. Flowering is carried out twice in the year induced by the comparative example 3, the flowering rate of the first flowering is 100 percent (figure 6), the proportion of the single-spike all-ampholytic flowers is small, the proportion of the ineffective ampholytic flowers (malformed flowers with male and female being not fertile) is high, the fruiting rate is lower than 70 percent; comparative example 3 only induced a part of branched variety (line) to produce second flowers, and the flowering rate of the second flowers was only 25%, the second flowers produced at a very low rate of only 2%, and no seed set or seed set but poor seed quality (fig. 7) and no germination.
Table 1 comparative example flowering and fruiting conditions of induced flowering by the present technique
Note that: in the table/show none.
Therefore, the induction composition of the invention is used for corresponding induction, which can obviously improve the flowering and fruiting rate and also can obviously improve the germination rate of the second seed.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The cassava induction method for harvesting two seeds in one year is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) Two symmetrical buds are selected and reserved for each pocket to be cultivated, and a flower bud inducer is sprayed in the late 4 months, wherein the flower bud inducer comprises 4-8 ml/L of chitin potassium humate, 3-10 g/L of sodium chloride and 5-15 g/L of compound fertilizer;
(2) Spraying the induction composition once every 5 days from the time of flower bud emergence to the time of flower pollination; the induction composition in step (2) comprises the following components: the mass volume ratio of the chitin potassium humate, glucose, sodium chloride and potassium molybdate is 4-8 ml: 0.8-1.5 g: 3-10 g: 5-15 mg;
(3) Pollination is carried out in the late 5 months, a pair of new branches with the cultivation distance of 20cm to the ground is selected and reserved in the late 7 months to serve as fruit hanging branches of the second seed, and organic fertilizer is applied;
(4) Harvesting the first seed in the middle of 7 months, cutting back the first fruiting branch, and spraying the flower bud inducer onto the second fruiting branch; the shortening is to cut old branches of the first fruiting at a position 30cm away from the ground;
(5) Spraying the induction composition once every 5 days from the time of flower bud emergence to the time of flower pollination; the induction composition in step (5) comprises the following components: the mass volume ratio of the chitin potassium humate, glucose, sodium chloride, potassium molybdate and the compound fertilizer is 4-8 ml: 0.8-1.5 g: 3-10 g: 5-15 mg; the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 5-15 g/kg of the inducing composition or 5-15 g/L of the inducing composition; the effective component of the compound fertilizer is N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 O meter, N, P 2 O 5 And K 2 The mass ratio of O is 13:5:42;
(6) Pollination is carried out in the late 8 months, and second seed production is harvested in the late 10 months to the early 11 months;
the spraying in the step (2) and the step (5) comprises the following steps: when the male flowers and the female flowers are induced to have fertility, spraying is started from the occurrence of flower buds, and spraying is performed once every 5 days; when inducing female sexual amphiprotic flowers, spraying from bud initiation, and spraying once every 5 days.
2. The tapioca induction method according to claim 1, wherein the flower bud inducer of step (1) is sprayed once every 5 days for 2 total times, each time to leaf drip.
3. The tapioca induction method of claim 1, further comprising erasing leaf buds after the spraying of step (2) or step (5) until fruiting period.
4. The tapioca inducing method according to claim 1, wherein the topdressing of the organic fertilizer of step (3) comprises: 50-150 g of a pocket Shi Ziniu organic fertilizer.
5. The cassava induction method according to claim 1, in which the pollination of step (3) or step (6) comprises: spraying xylose water solution with the mass percentage content of 0.5-1.0% for 1 time on a sunny morning in a full bloom stage;
artificial hybridization pollination or natural hybridization pollination is carried out on the amphoteric flowers with female fertility;
self-pollination is carried out on the amphoteric flowers with fertility for both male and female.
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