CN106665065A - Method for improving mini-pumpkin fruiting rate and commodity rate - Google Patents

Method for improving mini-pumpkin fruiting rate and commodity rate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106665065A
CN106665065A CN201611114951.7A CN201611114951A CN106665065A CN 106665065 A CN106665065 A CN 106665065A CN 201611114951 A CN201611114951 A CN 201611114951A CN 106665065 A CN106665065 A CN 106665065A
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melon
day
rate
night
commodity
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CN201611114951.7A
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CN106665065B (en
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严继勇
曾爱松
高兵
宋立晓
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving a mini-pumpkin fruiting rate and a commodity rate. The method mainly comprises a first step of adopting zenggualing (triacontanol + ethephon) for processing when a plant has 2-4 true leaves and promoting female flower development; a second step of adjusting plant branching, forming dual vines, and forming a balanced nutrient distribution basis; a third step of smearing 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorphenoxyacetic acid) on the ovary at a flowering period, and guaranteeing percentage of setting fruit; a fourth step of performing foliar fertilizer and temperature and humidity regulation, and improving yield and commodity rate; a fifth step of performing accurate time harvesting in 28 d after flowering, and guaranteeing quality. Growth regulating substances are applied at key nodes for mini-pumpkin growth, cultivation measures after improvement are matched, a standard cultivation technology is formed, and the yield and commodity rate of mini-pumpkins can be remarkably improved.

Description

A kind of method for improving Mininangua knot melon rate and commodity rate
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, is related to a kind of method of raising Mininangua knot melon rate and commodity rate.
Technical background
Mininangua refers to musky gourd of the single fruit weight between 200~300 grams, american pumpkin or giant pumpkin.Often The commodity melon seen has three kinds of colors, blackish green, and Representative Cultivars are ' Bei Bei ';White, Representative Cultivars ' white handsome ';The red bar in yellow bottom Stricture of vagina, Representative Cultivars ' Fructus Citri tangerinae melon '.Their outward appearances are beautiful, small and exquisite, and quality is glutinous sweet, is received by the market very much.But in Common Cultivation bar Under part, one plant can only tie 3~4, melon, and melon differs in size, and has had a strong impact on yield and commodity, causes Mininangua to exist The difficulty promoted in production.Different from the Fructus Cucumidis sativi dry matter content only 3% or so for harvesting tender melon, Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae harvesting is ripe melon, Dry matter content is up to 17% or so, and this just determines that its number of results can not possibly be too many under the conditions of conventional cultivation, yields poorly, and The melon difference in size tied on Different node on same plant is larger, and concordance is poor, and commodity is bad, causes comparative effectiveness remote Other melon vegetables high less than water content such as Fructus Cucumidis sativi, Citrullus vulgariss, Fructus Luffae, Fructus Momordicae charantiaes, farmer concepts are greatly hit.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to:Reached by improving the approach such as Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae female flower incidence rate, fruit-setting rate, fruit size concordance To the purpose that high yield, stable yields and commodity improve.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
(1) during spring cultivation, according to geographical location choice Appropriate cultivating season nursery;
(2) in 2~4 leaf periods, Zenggualing is completely dissolved with clear water, is finally made into concentration for 2.5~3.0mg/L water Solution, fine day afternoon is just covered with blade and does not flow down and be defined to plant leaf spraying by medicinal liquid;During 5~6 true leaves, pinching; Day night air temperature control at 25~30 DEG C/15~17 DEG C, the control of day night relative air humidity 70~80%/85~ 95%;
(3) in facility field planting ridge film lower berth spray irrigation band, the field planting of the fine day morning stretches the climing phase when having that son is climing to be occurred with same Concentration Zenggualing repeats spraying once to whole strain blade, and the lateral bine for staying two stalwartnesses relatively uniform, day night air temperature control exists 23~28 DEG C/13~15 DEG C, day night relative air humidity is controlled 60~70%/80~90%;
(4) hang climing.Female flower opens the morning on the same day and smears ovary with the 2 of 20~30mg/L, 4-D, and equably will with male flower Pollen is applied on gynoecium, or insecticide natural pollination, day night air temperature control at 25~28 DEG C/15~18 DEG C, day night air Relative humidity is controlled 60~70%/85~90%;
(5) from the beginning of yielding positive results, disease-proofing pesticide foliar spray was added with foliage fertilizer every 7~10 days, is sprayed 2~3 times.Really The here petal of withering is extractd after occupying stably in fact;
(6) each lateral bine is occupied stably after 4~5 fruits, stays 10~12 leaf pinching, whole strain to stay melon apart from the front end of the top melon 8~10, day night air temperature control is at 25~28 DEG C/15~18 DEG C;The control of day night relative humidity 60~70%/80~ 90%;
(7) latter 28 days are spent or crackle occurs in melon handle, when melon skin is difficult to pinch dynamic, harvest ripe melon successively from the bottom up.
Method of the present invention is preferred:The minimum night temperature of Suitable Sowing Period in the step (1) is not less than 10 DEG C, adopts Night safe temperature is kept including any one the auxiliary mode of heating including Seedling Stage warming pipeline, heating wire.
Method of the present invention is further preferred:Huanghe valley spring Suitable Sowing Period is January 10 in the step (1) Day, hole plate seedling growth in greenhouse, Yangtze river basin Suitable Sowing Period was 20 to 28 2 months, and hole tray is educated in greenhouse or booth to 20 days Seedling.
Method of the present invention is preferred:In step (4), fresh ovary is smeared with the 2 of 20~30mg/L, 4-D, it is overcast and rainy It uses high concentration, fair weather low concentration.
Method of the present invention is preferred:Foliage fertilizer described in step (5) is selected from commodity foliage fertilizer or self-control blade face Fertilizer.
Beneficial effect
In traditional similar Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae production, pay attention to base manure, based on single climing training, seldom apply foliage fertilizer and fine pinching Prune, the control to diurnal temperature humidity is also seldom paid close attention to, cause because photosynthate is few, nutrition does not catch up with the growth needs of melon, Change melon serious.In order to improve yield and commodity rate, the present invention enters from female flower number, stabilization result number and shortening homophyletic fruiting period is increased Handss, according to photosynthesis the theory in " storehouse-source " is distributed, and nutrient substance is promoted to fruit organ flow by growth regulator;Pass through Increase root manure and foliage fertilizer, improve photosynthetic efficiency;By humiture control, plant respiration consumption is reduced;Protected by harvesting in time Demonstrate,prove follow-up fruit and obtain enough nutrients, reach the target of increasing both production and income.
The invention discloses a kind of method for improving Mininangua knot melon rate and commodity rate, compared with prior art with such as Lower advantage and good effect:
1st, the present invention becomes the climing training of bilateral by traditional main stem training, and two lateral bines are while result, fully excavates yield Potentiality.
2nd, the present invention applies Zengguoling promotion female flower development, substantially carries out and have successively female flower, and reduces female flower section position, Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae prematurity, precocity fruiting is facilitated to early go public.
3rd, the present invention applies 2,4-D reductionization melon phenomenons, coordinates the Zengguoling that seedling stage applies, and improves individual plant percentage of fertile fruit, By traditional per plant 2~6 liftings to 8~10 of bearing fruit, output increased more than 50%.
4th, humiture control parameter proposed by the invention, early stage promotes female flower development, and mid-term reduces disease to be occurred, the later stage Loss through breathing is reduced, is increased yield and is improved dry matter content.
5th, fruit harvesting standard proposed by the present invention, it is ensured that fruit mouthfeel is sweet glutinous, best in quality, and do not affect follow-up melon Reach maturity, reach the balance of yield and quality.
Description of the drawings
The conventional single climing pruning methods of Fig. 1, the most results of individual plant 3~4, fruit size differs.
The double climing trainings of Fig. 2, Zenggualing, 2, after 4-D uses, individual plant average result 8~10, size is basically identical.
Specific embodiment
The Mininangua knot melon rate that improves proposed by the invention is made described further below with the method for commodity rate.
1st, sowing time:It is relevant with longitude and latitude and height above sea level residing for enforcement place, also with when local intensity of illumination, illumination Number, level of ground water and culture facility type are related, and the standard of selection has two, one be allow ecological environment required by plant strain growth with Extraneous natural environment matches, and avoids the period that melon growth promoter occurs in low temperature, high temperature, pest and disease damage.Two is to can be provided Rearing condition, it is ensured that seedling stage under the security context, does not result in nursery failure.
2nd, Zengguoling first time Dressing date must be controlled between 2.5~3.0mg/L in 2~4 leaf periods, concentration, Applying for second should apply when lateral bine just occurs.
3rd, florescence apply 2,4-D when should according to intensity of illumination, humidity and temperature by concentration control 20~30mg/L it Between, and can only apply once, and avoid contact with other positions of plant.
4th, foliage fertilizer can merge administration with antibacterial, reduce the amount of labour used and air humidity.
5th, the harvesting standard of 28 days helps to ensure that the quality and yield of product after spending, and harvesting too early affects quality, too late Then change melon rate high, reduce yield.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method for improving Mininangua knot melon rate and commodity rate, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) during spring cultivation, on Huanghe valley January 10 to 20, hole plate seedling growth in greenhouse, the Yangtze river basin 2 month 20 days is extremely 28 days, hole plate seedling growth in greenhouse or booth;Period minimum night temperature is not less than 10 DEG C, and Seedling Stage can adopt warming pipeline, electric heating The auxiliary mode of heating such as line keeps night safe temperature.
(2) in 2~4 leaf periods, Zenggualing is completely dissolved with clear water, it is 3.0mg/L aqueous solutions to be finally made into concentration, Fine day afternoon is just covered with blade and does not flow down and be defined to plant leaf spraying by medicinal liquid;During 5~6 true leaves, pinching;Day night At 25~30 DEG C/15~17 DEG C, day night relative air humidity is controlled 70~80%/85~95% air temperature control;
(3) field planting ridge film lower berth spray irrigation band in facility, fine day morning field planting stretches the climing phase when having that son is climing to be occurred with same dense Degree Zenggualing repeats spraying once to whole strain blade, the lateral bine for staying two stalwartnesses relatively uniform, and day night air temperature control is 23 ~28 DEG C/13~15 DEG C, day night relative air humidity is controlled 60~70%/80~90%;
(4) hang climing.Female flower opens the morning on the same day and smears ovary with the 2 of 20~30mg/L, 4-D (plus orchil is a little), Overcast and rainy use high concentration, fair weather low concentration, and equably pollen is applied on gynoecium with male flower, or insecticide passes naturally Powder, by day night air temperature control at 25~28 DEG C/15~18 DEG C by way of taking off and closing canopy film, day night relative air humidity Control is 60~70%/85~90%;
(5) from the beginning of yielding positive results, disease-proofing pesticide foliar spray was added with foliage fertilizer every 7 days, is sprayed 2~3 times.Fruit is sat The here petal of withering is extractd after steady;Foliage fertilizer can be commodity foliage fertilizer, or autogamy foliage fertilizer (0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% carbamide)
(6) each lateral bine is occupied stably after 4~5 fruits, stays 10~12 leaf pinching, whole strain to stay melon apart from the front end of the top melon 8~10, day night air temperature control is at 25~28 DEG C/15~18 DEG C;The control of day night relative humidity 60~70%/80~ 90%;
(7) latter 28 days are spent or crackle occurs in melon handle, when melon skin is difficult to pinch dynamic, harvest ripe melon successively from the bottom up.

Claims (6)

1. it is a kind of to improve the method that Mininangua ties melon rate and commodity rate, it is characterised in that to comprise the following steps:
(1) during spring cultivation, according to geographical location choice Appropriate cultivating season nursery;
(2) in 2~4 leaf periods, Zenggualing is completely dissolved with clear water, it is that 2.5~3.0mg/L is water-soluble to be finally made into concentration Liquid, fine day afternoon is just covered with blade and does not flow down and be defined to plant leaf spraying by medicinal liquid;During 5~6 true leaves, pinching;Daytime/ At 25~30 DEG C/15~17 DEG C, day night relative air humidity is controlled 70~80%/85~95% night air temperature control;
(3) facility inner membrance lower berth spray irrigation band, the field planting of the fine day morning, stretch the climing phase have son it is climing when occurring with same concentration Zenggualing pair Whole strain blade repeats spraying once, the lateral bine for staying two stalwartnesses relatively uniform, and day night air temperature control is 23~28 DEG C/13 ~15 DEG C, day night relative air humidity is controlled 60~70%/80~90%;
(4) hang climing.Female flower opens the morning on the same day and smears ovary with the 2 of 20~30mg/L, 4-D, and with male flower equably by pollen It is applied on gynoecium, or insecticide natural pollination, day night air temperature control is at 25~28 DEG C/15~18 DEG C, and day night air is relative Humid control is 60~70%/85~90%;
(5) from the beginning of yielding positive results, added disease-proofing pesticide foliar spray, fruit to extract after occupying stably with foliage fertilizer every 7~10 days and wither Here petal;
(6) each lateral bine is occupied stably after 4~5 fruits, and apart from the front end of the top melon 10~12 leaf pinching are stayed, whole strain stay melon 8~ 10, day night air temperature control is at 25~28 DEG C/15~18 DEG C;The control of day night relative humidity 60~70%/80~ 90%;
(7) latter 28 days are spent or crackle occurs in melon handle, when melon skin is difficult to pinch dynamic, harvest ripe melon successively from the bottom up.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The minimum night temperature of Suitable Sowing Period in the step (1) is not Less than 10 DEG C, using including any one the auxiliary mode of heating including seedling warming pipeline, heating wire night safe temperature is kept Degree.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Huanghe valley Suitable Sowing Period is January in the step (1) 10 to 20, hole plate seedling growth in greenhouse, Yangtze river basin Suitable Sowing Period was 20 to 28 2 months, hole tray in greenhouse or booth Nursery.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step (4), smeared with the 2 of 20~30mg/L, 4-D Fresh ovary, overcast and rainy use high concentration, fair weather low concentration.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Foliage fertilizer described in step (5) is selected from commodity blade face Fertilizer or self-control foliage fertilizer.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Self-control foliage fertilizer consist of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+ 0.5% carbamide.
CN201611114951.7A 2016-12-07 2016-12-07 Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin Expired - Fee Related CN106665065B (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108718945A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-11-02 郭茂清 A kind of how climing knot melon high yield technology of pumpkin
CN111279997A (en) * 2020-04-08 2020-06-16 时创科技(青岛)股份有限公司 Large-scale high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode for scallop and pumpkin in northern protected area

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CN103907453A (en) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-09 江苏省农业科学院 Giant pumpkin cultivation method suitable for plastic greenhouse
CN104081990A (en) * 2014-07-07 2014-10-08 南通大学 Method for stereoscopic planting of vegetables in greenhouse

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CN102845241A (en) * 2012-10-11 2013-01-02 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 Watermelon grafting method
CN103907453A (en) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-09 江苏省农业科学院 Giant pumpkin cultivation method suitable for plastic greenhouse
CN104081990A (en) * 2014-07-07 2014-10-08 南通大学 Method for stereoscopic planting of vegetables in greenhouse

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108718945A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-11-02 郭茂清 A kind of how climing knot melon high yield technology of pumpkin
CN111279997A (en) * 2020-04-08 2020-06-16 时创科技(青岛)股份有限公司 Large-scale high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode for scallop and pumpkin in northern protected area

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