CN106665065B - Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin - Google Patents

Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN106665065B
CN106665065B CN201611114951.7A CN201611114951A CN106665065B CN 106665065 B CN106665065 B CN 106665065B CN 201611114951 A CN201611114951 A CN 201611114951A CN 106665065 B CN106665065 B CN 106665065B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
day
days
pumpkin
controlled
rate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201611114951.7A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN106665065A (en
Inventor
严继勇
曾爱松
高兵
宋立晓
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Original Assignee
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences filed Critical Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority to CN201611114951.7A priority Critical patent/CN106665065B/en
Publication of CN106665065A publication Critical patent/CN106665065A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN106665065B publication Critical patent/CN106665065B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the melon bearing rate and the commodity rate of mini pumpkin, which mainly comprises the following steps: 1. 2-4 true leaves of the plants are treated by using zenggugalin (triacontanol and ethephon) to promote the development of female flowers; 2. regulating plant branches to form double vines and form a balanced nutrient distribution foundation; 3. 2, 4-D (2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is coated on ovaries in the flowering period, so that the fruit setting rate is ensured; 4. the leaf fertilizer and the temperature and humidity are regulated and controlled, so that the yield and the commodity rate are improved; 5. and (4) collecting the flowers at 28 days after blooming accurately and at the same time, and ensuring the quality. The growth regulating substance is applied to key nodes of the growth of the mini pumpkin, and the standardized cultivation technology is formed by matching with improved cultivation measures, so that the yield and commodity rate of the mini pumpkin can be obviously improved.

Description

Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for improving the melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkins.
Technical Field
The mini pumpkin refers to Chinese pumpkin, American pumpkin or Indian pumpkin with the single fruit weight of 200-300 g. The common commercial melon has three colors, dark green, and the representative variety is 'beibei'; white, representing variety 'beautiful white'; yellow-bottom red streaks, representing the variety "orange melon". They are bright in appearance, small and exquisite, glutinous and sweet in quality and popular in the market. However, under general cultivation conditions, only 3-4 melons can be grown in one strain, and the sizes of the melons are different, so that the yield and the commodity are seriously affected, and the popularization of the mini pumpkin in production is difficult. The dry matter content of the cucumbers is only about 3 percent different from that of the cucumbers for harvesting tender cucumbers, the pumpkin is harvested from mature cucumbers, the dry matter content is as high as about 17 percent, so that the problems that the number of fruits cannot be too many under the conventional cultivation condition, the yield is low, the sizes of the melons at different nodes on the same plant are different greatly, the consistency is poor, the commodity is poor, the comparative benefit is far smaller than that of other melon vegetables with high water content such as the cucumbers, the watermelons, the luffa and the balsam pears, and the enthusiasm of farmers is greatly attacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the aims of high yield, stable yield and commodity improvement are achieved by improving the occurrence rate of female flowers, fruit setting rate, fruit size consistency and the like of the pumpkin.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
(1) during spring cultivation, selecting a suitable cultivation period for seedling cultivation according to the geographical position;
(2) in the 2-4 true leaf period, the zengguging is completely dissolved in clear water to finally prepare an aqueous solution with the concentration of 2.5-3.0 mg/L, and the liquid medicine is sprayed on plant leaves in the afternoon of a sunny day until the liquid medicine just spreads on the leaves and does not flow down; pinching 5-6 true leaves; the temperature of the day/night air is controlled to be 25-30 ℃/15-17 ℃, and the relative humidity of the day/night air is controlled to be 70-80%/85-95%;
(3) spraying a sprinkling irrigation belt under a film of a planting ridge in a facility, planting in the morning on a sunny day, and spraying the whole plant of leaves once again by using the same concentration of the guarantalin when the vines appear in the vine growing period, wherein two robust and relatively consistent lateral vines are left, the temperature of the day/night air is controlled to be 23-28 ℃/13-15 ℃, and the relative humidity of the air phase of the day/night air is controlled to be 60-70%/80-90%;
(4) and (5) hanging vines. Smearing the ovary by using 20-30 mg/L2 and 4-D in the morning of the day when the female flowers are opened, and uniformly smearing pollen on the pistils by using male flowers or naturally pollinating by insects, wherein the temperature of day/night air is controlled to be 25-28 ℃/15-18 ℃, and the relative humidity of day/night air is controlled to be 60-70%/85-90%;
(5) and (3) spraying the foliage fertilizer, the disease-preventing pesticide and the foliage surface for 2-3 times every 7-10 days from blooming and fruiting. Removing the withered petals after the fruit sits stably;
(6) after each lateral vine is stably seated for 4-5 fruits, 10-12 leaf pinching cores are left at a distance from the front end of the uppermost melon, 8-10 melons are left in the whole plant, and the temperature of the day/night air is controlled at 25-28 ℃/15-18 ℃; the relative humidity of day/night is controlled to be 60-70%/80-90%;
(7) and (4) harvesting mature melons from bottom to top when cracks appear 28 days after flowers or melon stalks and the melon peels are difficult to pinch.
The method of the invention preferably comprises the following steps: the lowest night temperature suitable for the seeding period in the step (1) is not lower than 10 ℃, and the night safety temperature is kept by adopting any auxiliary heating mode including a seedling period heating pipeline and an electric heating wire.
The method of the invention is further preferred: in the step (1), the proper sowing time of the yellow river basin in spring is 1 month 10 days to 20 days, the seedling is cultivated in a plug in a greenhouse, the proper sowing time of the Yangtze river basin is 2 months 20 days to 28 days, and the seedling is cultivated in a plug in a greenhouse or a greenhouse.
The method of the invention preferably comprises the following steps: in the step (4), 20-30 mg/L of 2 and 4-D is used for smearing the fresh ovaries, and high concentration is used in rainy days and low concentration is used in sunny days.
The method of the invention preferably comprises the following steps: the foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is selected from a commodity foliar fertilizer or a self-made foliar fertilizer.
Advantageous effects
In the traditional production of the same kind of pumpkins, base fertilizer is regarded as important, single-vine pruning is mainly carried out, foliar fertilizer and fine pinching and branching are rarely applied, and day and night temperature and humidity control is also rarely concerned, so that the pumpkin is seriously melt due to the fact that less photosynthetic products and less nutrition cannot meet the growth requirement of the pumpkins. In order to improve the yield and commodity rate, starting from increasing the number of female flowers, stabilizing the fruiting number and shortening the fruiting period of the same plant, the invention promotes the nutrient substances to flow to fruit organs by a growth regulator according to the theory of photosynthesis distribution of 'library-source'; by adding root fertilizer and leaf fertilizer, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved; the plant respiration consumption is reduced through temperature and humidity regulation; the aim of increasing both production and income is achieved by timely harvesting to ensure that the follow-up fruits obtain enough nutrients.
The invention discloses a method for improving the melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin, which has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art:
1. the traditional main vine pruning is changed into bilateral vine pruning, and the two lateral vines simultaneously bear fruits, so that the yield potential is fully excavated.
2. The invention applies the carposine to promote the development of female flowers, basically realizes that female flowers exist in the nodes, reduces the node positions of the female flowers, promotes the pumpkin to bloom early and bear fruits early and to appear on the market early.
3. According to the method, the phenomena of melon melting are reduced by applying 2 and 4-D, the fruit setting rate of a single plant is improved by matching with the fruit increasing agent applied in the seedling stage, the fruit setting rate of each plant is improved to 8-10 from the traditional 2-6 fruit settings of each plant, and the yield is improved by more than 50%.
4. The temperature and humidity control parameters provided by the invention promote female flower development in the early stage, reduce diseases in the middle stage, reduce respiratory loss in the later stage, increase yield and improve dry matter content.
5. The fruit harvesting standard provided by the invention ensures that the fruits have sweet and glutinous mouthfeel and excellent quality, does not influence the development and maturity of the follow-up melons, and achieves the balance of yield and quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows that in the conventional single vine pruning method, the maximum number of fruits of a single plant is 3-4, and the fruits are different in size.
FIG. 2 shows that after the double-vine pruning, the Guaping, and the 2-D and 4-D are used, the average result of a single plant is 8-10, and the sizes are basically consistent.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The method for improving the melon bearing rate and the commodity rate of the mini pumpkin provided by the invention is further explained as follows.
1. And (3) sowing time: the ecological environment required by plant growth is matched with the external natural environment, so that the growth and development of the melons are avoided in the periods of low temperature, high temperature and pest and disease damage. And secondly, the seedling raising conditions can be provided, so that the seedling stage is ensured to be in a safe environment, and the seedling raising failure is avoided.
2. The first application period of the propamocarb must be 2-4 true leaves, the concentration is controlled to be 2.5-3.0 mg/L, and the second application period should be applied when lateral tendrils occur.
3. When the 2-D and the 4-D are applied in the flowering period, the concentration is controlled to be 20-30 mg/L according to the illumination intensity, the humidity and the temperature, the application is only carried out once, and other parts of the plant are prevented from being contacted.
4. The foliar fertilizer can be applied together with the bactericide, so that the labor amount and the air humidity are reduced.
5. The harvest standard of 28 days after flowering is helpful for ensuring the quality and yield of products, the quality is influenced by early harvest, the melon transformation rate is high when the harvest is too late, and the yield is reduced.
Example 1
A method for improving the melon bearing rate and the commodity rate of mini pumpkin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) during spring cultivation, the seedlings are grown in a plug seedling manner in a greenhouse for 1 month and 10 days to 20 days in the yellow river basin, and are grown in a plug seedling manner in a greenhouse or a greenhouse for 2 months and 20 days to 28 days in the Yangtze river basin; the lowest night temperature is not lower than 10 ℃ in the period, and the safe night temperature can be kept in the seedling stage by adopting auxiliary heating modes such as a heating pipeline, an electric heating wire and the like.
(2) In the 2-4 true leaf period, the zengguging is completely dissolved in clear water to prepare a water solution with the concentration of 3.0mg/L finally, and the plant leaves are sprayed in the afternoon of a sunny day under the condition that liquid medicine just spreads the leaves and does not flow down; pinching 5-6 true leaves; the temperature of the day/night air is controlled to be 25-30 ℃/15-17 ℃, and the relative humidity of the day/night air is controlled to be 70-80%/85-95%;
(3) a sprinkling irrigation belt is paved under a planting ridge film in a facility, planting is carried out in the morning on sunny days, when tendrils appear in the vine growing period, the whole plant of leaves are sprayed once again by using the same concentration of the gammazole, two robust and relatively consistent lateral tendrils are left, the temperature of the day/night air is controlled to be 23-28 ℃/13-15 ℃, and the relative humidity of the day/night air is controlled to be 60-70%/80-90%;
(4) and (5) hanging vines. In the morning of the day when female flowers are opened, daubing ovaries with 20-30 mg/L of 2, 4-D (adding a small amount of red dye), in rainy days, high concentration and low concentration in sunny days, and uniformly daubing pollen on pistils by male flowers or naturally pollinating insects, wherein the temperature of the day/night air is controlled to be 25-28 ℃/15-18 ℃ by means of opening and closing a shed film, and the relative humidity of the day/night air is controlled to be 60-70%/85-90%;
(5) and (3) spraying the foliage fertilizer, the disease-preventing pesticide and the foliage surface for 2-3 times every 7 days from blooming and fruiting. Removing the withered petals after the fruit sits stably; the foliar fertilizer can be a commodity foliar fertilizer or a self-prepared foliar fertilizer (0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5 percent of urea)
(6) After each lateral vine is stably seated for 4-5 fruits, 10-12 leaf pinching cores are left at a distance from the front end of the uppermost melon, 8-10 melons are left in the whole plant, and the temperature of the day/night air is controlled at 25-28 ℃/15-18 ℃; the relative humidity of day/night is controlled to be 60-70%/80-90%;
(7) and (4) harvesting mature melons from bottom to top when cracks appear 28 days after flowers or melon stalks and the melon peels are difficult to pinch.

Claims (6)

1. A method for improving the melon bearing rate and the commodity rate of mini pumpkin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) during spring cultivation, selecting a suitable cultivation period for seedling cultivation according to the geographical position;
(2) in the 2-4 true leaf period, the zengguging is completely dissolved in clear water to finally prepare an aqueous solution with the concentration of 2.5-3.0 mg/L, and the liquid medicine is sprayed on plant leaves in the afternoon of a sunny day until the liquid medicine just spreads on the leaves and does not flow down; pinching 5-6 true leaves; the temperature of the day/night air is controlled to be 25-30 ℃/15-17 ℃, and the relative humidity of the day/night air is controlled to be 70-80%/85-95%;
(3) a sprinkling irrigation belt is laid under a film in a facility, field planting is carried out in the morning on sunny days, when tendrils appear in the vine growing period, the whole plant of leaves are sprayed once again by using the same concentration of the gammazole, two robust and relatively consistent lateral tendrils are left, the temperature of the day/night air is controlled to be 23-28 ℃/13-15 ℃, and the relative humidity of the day/night air is controlled to be 60-70%/80-90%;
(4) tendrils are hung, female flowers are opened, in the morning, the ovary is coated with 20-30 mg/L2 and 4-D, pollen is uniformly coated on the female flowers by male flowers, or insects naturally transmit pollen, the temperature of the day/night air is controlled to be 25-28 ℃/15-18 ℃, and the relative humidity of the day/night air is controlled to be 60-70%/85-90%;
(5) from the beginning of blooming and fruiting, spraying leaf surfaces with a leaf fertilizer and a disease-preventing pesticide every 7-10 days, and removing withered petals after the fruit sits stably;
(6) after each lateral vine is stably seated for 4-5 fruits, 10-12 leaf pinching cores are left at a distance from the front end of the uppermost melon, 8-10 melons are left in the whole plant, and the temperature of the day/night air is controlled at 25-28 ℃/15-18 ℃; the relative humidity of day/night is controlled to be 60-70%/80-90%;
(7) collecting mature melons from bottom to top when cracks appear 28 days after the flowers or the melon stalks and the melon peels are difficult to pinch;
the mini pumpkin is Chinese pumpkin and American pumpkin with the single fruit weight of 200-300 g.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the lowest night temperature suitable for the sowing period in the step (1) is not lower than 10 ℃, and the night safety temperature is kept by adopting any one auxiliary heating mode including a seedling heating pipeline and an electric heating wire.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the suitable seeding time of the middle yellow river basin is 1 month 10 days to 20 days, the plug seedling is carried out in a greenhouse, the suitable seeding time of the Yangtze river basin is 2 months 20 days to 28 days, and the plug seedling is carried out in the greenhouse.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), 20-30 mg/L of 2 and 4-D is used for smearing the fresh ovaries, and high concentration is used in rainy days and low concentration is used in sunny days.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the foliar fertilizer in the step (5) is selected from a commodity foliar fertilizer or a self-made foliar fertilizer.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein: the self-made foliar fertilizer comprises 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5 percent of urea.
CN201611114951.7A 2016-12-07 2016-12-07 Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin Expired - Fee Related CN106665065B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611114951.7A CN106665065B (en) 2016-12-07 2016-12-07 Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201611114951.7A CN106665065B (en) 2016-12-07 2016-12-07 Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN106665065A CN106665065A (en) 2017-05-17
CN106665065B true CN106665065B (en) 2020-04-07

Family

ID=58869560

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201611114951.7A Expired - Fee Related CN106665065B (en) 2016-12-07 2016-12-07 Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN106665065B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108718945A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-11-02 郭茂清 A kind of how climing knot melon high yield technology of pumpkin
CN111279997A (en) * 2020-04-08 2020-06-16 时创科技(青岛)股份有限公司 Large-scale high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode for scallop and pumpkin in northern protected area

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102845241A (en) * 2012-10-11 2013-01-02 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 Watermelon grafting method
CN103907453B (en) * 2013-01-09 2016-03-30 江苏省农业科学院 A kind of huge pumpkin cultivation method being applicable to plastic tunnel
CN104081990A (en) * 2014-07-07 2014-10-08 南通大学 Method for stereoscopic planting of vegetables in greenhouse

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106665065A (en) 2017-05-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN106171809B (en) Greenhouse in North grape first planting fruit two crops a year implantation methods
CN104584830A (en) Method for planting saffron crocus in Tibet region
CN105145267A (en) Grafting cultivation method for olive trees
CN104396545A (en) High-yield strawberry cultivation method
CN105613029A (en) Standardized planting method for marigold
CN105660290A (en) Method for controlling late-maturing litchi to bloom earlier
CN107278792A (en) Red Ba Ladi grapes two crops a year implantation methods in a kind of intelligent greenhouse
CN103609441A (en) Blueberry seedling culturing method
CN115589892B (en) Tea tree light supplementing cultivation method
CN105519360A (en) Method for grafting grapevine
CN104642044A (en) Improving method for fruit setting rate of almond trees
CN102640672A (en) Method for impelling Acer palmatum 'Jinling Huangfeng' to form secondary ornamental effect
CN106416919B (en) Greenhouse selenium-rich grape 1 year is double ripe to abound with implantation methods
CN106665065B (en) Method for improving melon bearing rate and commodity rate of mini pumpkin
CN107873415B (en) Cultivation method for interplanting tomatoes and cowpeas in winter-warming greenhouse to crop melons in rotation mode
CN113016515A (en) Chestnut-flavor pumpkin planting method capable of improving yield
CN104488646A (en) Black honey grape cultivation technology
CN106900462A (en) A kind of method for configuring efficient pollinizers linking pollination apple single variety building well
CN106332711A (en) Method for planting green tea trees in high-altitude mountainous area
CN106386376A (en) Density-reducing, quality-improving and early-maturing cultivation method for greenhouse grape
CN105724166A (en) Greenhouse grape single-mother-vine fruiting successive-year double-cropping cultivation method
CN105145269A (en) Efficient seedling cultivating method for leafbuds of Yunshan 2# grape novel variety
CN112136596B (en) Cultivation method of high-quality grapes
CN104160856A (en) Cultivation method for increasing cut-flower amount and seed production amount of collard
CN109566403B (en) Method for producing seeds by hybridizing pumpkins in two seasons in one year

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20200407