CN105660290A - Method for controlling late-maturing litchi to bloom earlier - Google Patents
Method for controlling late-maturing litchi to bloom earlier Download PDFInfo
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- CN105660290A CN105660290A CN201610074648.2A CN201610074648A CN105660290A CN 105660290 A CN105660290 A CN 105660290A CN 201610074648 A CN201610074648 A CN 201610074648A CN 105660290 A CN105660290 A CN 105660290A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of litchi cultivation and management, and particularly discloses a method for controlling late-maturing litchis to bloom earlier. The method comprises the following steps: by taking an early-maturing litchi variety as a scion and a late-maturing litchi variety as a rootstock, after a late-maturing litchi plant grows for 2-4 years, grafting the scion of the early-maturing litchi variety into a twig of the late-maturing litchi variety in April, continuously cutting off buds or young shoots growing from the lower end of the graft union after grafting, and stopping cutting the buds or the young shoots in the middle of September; managing the scion at the upper part of the graft union, culturing 1-2 new shoots on the survival grafted scion, controlling a final shoot to be mature at early September, and implementing shoot control treatment, wherein buds of the late-maturing litchi variety at the lower part of the graft union are germinated and flowers grow out. By adopting a grafting technique, the late-maturing litchi variety can bloom as early as the early-maturing litchi variety, the blooming time can be brought ahead for 2-3 months, and the method is breakthrough of a litchi flowering time regulation and control technique.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to culture management technique field, in particular it relates to the late-maturing Fructus Litchi of a kind of control puies forward precocious method.
Background technology
Fructus Litchi is the local product fruits that China is important, has high economic worth. Litchi Varieties is various, on flowering time, difference is also very big, Fructus Litchi main producing region in continent, Pearl River Delta, flowering time from precocious ' March is red ' February early and middle ten days to last ten-days period in March of the late-maturing Fructus Litchi such as ' Huaihe River branch ', ' glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves ', ' osmanthus taste ' to early and middle ten days in April, the fruit maturation time then from May the first tenday period of a month the to mid-July not etc. The quality of early-maturing variety is generally poor than late variety, but due to listing early, price is low unlike the late-maturing Fructus Litchi of high-quality. For a long time, people have been look for making late-maturing Fructus Litchi put forward precocious method.
Under existing technical conditions, late-maturing Fructus Litchi is bloomed ahead of time can carry out certain fine setting, as nourished and grown by control, make autumn growth bearing basal shoot ripe ahead of time, and suitably irrigate before Fructus Litchi inflorescences primordium is about to extraction, use the medicaments such as the basic element of cell division to promote spica pumping, it is possible to make advance flowering period 1~2 week. Under field conditions (factors), the late-maturing Fructus Litchi florescence ahead of time to precocious ' March is red ', time that the Fructus Litchi such as ' 9918 ' are close, do not have report at present.
Fructus Litchi becomes flower to need certain low temperature, precocious ' March is red ', the Fructus Litchi such as ' 9918 ' become to spend the required amount to low temperature low, floral induction can be completed in autumn end, take out spica time can early to late October to early and middle ten days in November, late January to February early and middle ten days can bloom. Late variety becomes flower to need higher cold, and plant just can complete floral induction after being subjected to the low temperature of autumn and winter season, could extract spica out in mid or late January, and late March is bloomed to early and middle ten days in April. Late-maturing Fructus Litchi is made to take out spica to November ahead of time, it is necessary to meet it and become flower institute chilling requirement, but the weather conditions in Fructus Litchi producing region, south China can not be, in mid-November, the cold that late-maturing Fructus Litchi provides enough. Therefore, when outdoor cropping, to close with early-mature litchi, there is great difficulty in the time advance late-maturing Fructus Litchi bloomed.
Summary of the invention
The invention aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that the late-maturing Fructus Litchi of a kind of control puies forward precocious method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The late-maturing Fructus Litchi of a kind of control puies forward precocious method, comprises the steps:
S1. with early-mature litchi kind for scion, with late-maturing Litchi Varieties for stock, when late-maturing Fructus Litchi plant has life in 2~4 years, by the scion grafting of early-mature litchi cultivar origin to the branch of late-maturing Fructus Litchi during April;
S2. constantly erase after grafting the bud or the tender tip that grafting mouth lower end grows, but stop bud picking or the tender tip in mid-September;
S3. in the scion of grafting survival, cultivate 1~2 time young sprout, and make the last tip ripe in early September, after last tip maturation, carry out control shoot process, November early and middle ten days, the bud of the late-maturing Litchi Varieties of grafting mouth bottom is sprouted, starting inflorescences primordium occur, spica is extracted out and grows further afterwards.
The present invention utilizes graft technology, ' March is red ', ' 9918 ', the early-mature litchi grafting such as ' Kom ' is on late-maturing Fructus Litchi, can so that late-maturing Fructus Litchi to take out time of spica suitable with early-mature litchi, done sth. in advance 2~3 months opening the time spent, be the breakthrough of flower of Fructus Litchi period regulation technology.
Preferably, described late-maturing Fructus Litchi is ' Huaihe River branch ', ' glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves ', ' osmanthus taste ', ' Jing Ganghong is glutinous ', ' chicken mouth litchi ', ' Ma Guili ', ' non-kernel lichee '; Described early-mature litchi be ' March is red ', ' early litchi fruit ', ' 9918 ', ' cv. Feizixiao ', ' Kom ', ' water east ', ' Gui Hong ', ' Yuanyang '.
Preferably, described in S1 during grafting, by the branch cutting back of late-maturing Fructus Litchi to 1.0~1.5 centimetres of rugosity places, carry out grafting.
Preferably, described grafting is the method for cut-grafting, and after grafting, stock and scion are affine. The conventional practices of concrete grammar reference this area of cut-grafting and skill.
Preferably, the method for control shoot described in S3 is manual removal tender shoots, the tender tip; Or spray the ethephon of 300mg/L and the paclobutrazol mixed liquor of 500mg/L.
Preferably, after in S3, spica is extracted out, the lobule on spica of erasing, strengthen tree body management, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer and trace element, cultivate healthy and strong spica.
Compared with prior art, there is advantages that
In prior art, controlling late-maturing Litchi Varieties Blooming and can only shift to an earlier date 1~2 week, the time advance at all cannot bloomed by late-maturing Fructus Litchi is to close with early-mature litchi. And the present invention utilizes graft technology, it is possible to make late-maturing Fructus Litchi take out time of spica suitable with early-mature litchi, it is possible to do sth. in advance 2~3 months opening the time spent, be the breakthrough of flower of Fructus Litchi period regulation technology.
Accompanying drawing explanation
To late variety ' Huaihe River branch ', ' 9918 ' litchi grafts that Fig. 1 is precocious cause that ' Huaihe River branch ' takes out spica ahead of time; A: ' 9918 ' litchi grafts all extract spica out to the branch of ' the Huaihe River branch ' of late variety ' Huaihe River branch ', ' the 9918 ' of grafting mouth top and bottom; B: the spica of grafting mouth bottom ' Huaihe River branch '; C: the spica on grafting mouth top ' 9918 '; D: ' the Huaihe River branch ' of non-grafting does not extract spica out; Single arrow is grafting mouth, and double-head arrow is spica.
To late variety ' Huaihe River branch ', ' March is red ' litchi graft that Fig. 2 is precocious causes that ' Huaihe River branch ' takes out spica ahead of time; A: ' March is red ' litchi graft, to late flowering variety ' Huaihe River branch ', the branch of ' March is red ' on grafting mouth top and ' the Huaihe River branch ' of bottom all extracts spica out; B: the spica of grafting mouth bottom ' Huaihe River branch '; C: ' Huaihe River branch ' grafting is on ' Huaihe River branch ', and grafting mouth upper and lower does not extract spica out;D: ' March the is red ' spica on grafting mouth top; E: the spica of grafting mouth bottom ' Huaihe River branch '; F: ' Huaihe River branch ' grafting on ' Huaihe River branch ', the bud of grafting mouth top ' Huaihe River branch '.
To late variety ' Huaihe River branch ', ' 9918 ' litchi grafts that Fig. 3 is precocious cause that ' Huaihe River branch ' takes out spica ahead of time; A: ' 9918 ' litchi grafts, to late flowering variety ' Huaihe River branch ', the branch of ' the Huaihe River branch ' of grafting mouth bottom all extract spica out; B: the spica of grafting mouth bottom ' Huaihe River branch '; C: the ripe branch top top that grafting rear port bottom is extracted out also extracts spica out ahead of time; Red single arrow is grafting mouth, and red double-head arrow is the spica of grafting mouth bottom, and yellow double-head arrow is the spica that the ripe branch top top that interface bottom is extracted out is extracted out.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and specific embodiment the present invention being made and elaborating further, described embodiment is served only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The test method used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method; The material that used, reagent etc., if no special instructions, for the reagent commercially obtained and material.
Embodiment 1
' Huaihe River branch ' litchi seedlings of bending pruning is planted in the plastic tub of 30 liters, and substrate is peat soil 1 part, mushroom residue 2 parts, red soil 3 parts, and when plant length to 3 year, branch is sturdy, leaf dark green, namely carries out grafting. Grafting carried out on April 12nd, 2014, cutting back branch top to 1.0~1.5 centimetres of rugosity places, grafting thereon ' 9918 ' Fructus Litchi, adopt the method for cut-grafting to carry out, after grafting 1~2 week, check survival rate, and mend in time and connect. After grafting completes, respectively the scion of upper end after grafting and the stock of lower end are carried out following process:
Grafting mouth bottom: the bud that grafting mouth lower end of regularly erasing grows, until mid-September.
Grafting mouth top: after grafting survival, the tender tip is extracted on grafting mouth top (i.e. scion) out, blade face spraying avilamycin, to control the young sprout insects such as leaf roller, regularly use compound fertilizer and trace element, cultivate 1~2 time tip, and make last time tip (the last tip) ripe in early September, later when last tip top extracts tender shoots or the tender tip again out, erase at once.
After control shoot after a while, at early and middle ten days in November, the bud of grafting mouth bottom (namely as ' the Huaihe River branch ' of stock) is sprouted, start that inflorescences primordium occurs, spica is extracted out and grows further afterwards, and spica (see accompanying drawing 1) is also extracted on grafting mouth top ' 9918 ' out, whole tree occurs that the top of grafting mouth is ' 9918 ' spica, and the peculiar phenomenon that bottom is ' Huaihe River branch ' spica. If the spica extracted out is with lobule, the lobule on spica of erasing, strengthens tree body management, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer and trace element, cultivate healthy and strong spica.
Embodiment 2
' Huaihe River branch ' Fructus Litchi of bending pruning is planted in the plastic tub of 30 liters, substrate is peat soil 1 part, mushroom residue 2 parts, red soil 3 parts, plant length 4 years, selects branch sturdy, the plant of leaf dark green, carry out grafting on April 20th, 2015, first cutting back branch top to 1.0~1.5 centimetres of rugosity places, grafting thereon ' March is red ', the method adopting cut-grafting carries out, after grafting 1~2 week, check survival rate, and benefit connects in time. After grafting completes, respectively the scion of upper end after grafting and the stock of lower end are carried out following process:
Grafting mouth bottom: the bud that grafting mouth lower end of regularly erasing (namely as " Huaihe River branch " branch of stock) grows, until mid-September.
Grafting mouth top: after grafting survival, grafting mouth top (i.e. scion) extracts the tender tip, blade face spraying avilamycin out, controls the young sprout insects such as leaf roller in time, strengthens rich water quality management, cultivates 2 times young sprouts in scion, makes the last tip ripe in early September. When after last tip maturation, control to nourish and grow, bud picking or extract the tender tip. After control shoot after a while, i.e. early and middle ten days in November, the bud at ' the Huaihe River branch ' of grafting mouth bottom is sprouted, and starts inflorescences primordium occur, and spica is extracted out and grows further afterwards, and spica (see accompanying drawing 2) is also extracted on grafting mouth top ' March is red ' out. After spica is extracted out, the lobule on spica of erasing, strengthen tree body management, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer and trace element.
It addition, for the effect checking this technology to reach, also simultaneously using ' Huaihe River branch ' as scion, grafting, to potted plant ' Huaihe River branch ' tree as above, as comparison, carries out same management. At early and middle ten days in November, do not find that ' the Huaihe River branch ' on grafting mouth top and ' the Huaihe River branch ' of grafting mouth bottom take out spica (see accompanying drawing 2).
Embodiment 3
' Huaihe River branch ' bending pruning seed is planted in the plastic tub of 30 liters, and substrate is peat soil 1 part, mushroom residue 2 parts, red soil 3 parts, and when plant length to 4 year, branch is sturdy, leaf dark green, namely carries out grafting. Grafting carried out on April 20th, 2014, and cutting back branch top is to 1.0~1.5 centimetres of rugosity places, and grafting thereon ' 9918 ' Fructus Litchi, the method for employing cut-grafting carries out. After grafting, grafting mouth lower end grows sprouting, except retaining one of them bud, allows outside its pumping branch top, and remaining bud is erased, until mid-September stops bud picking. For the bud extracted out in the top scion of grafting mouth, spray Le Siben, control the young sprout insects such as leaf roller, protect the tender tip, cultivate 2 times young sprouts, and make the last tip ripe in early September. When after last tip maturation, control to nourish and grow, regularly the erase tender tip on the last tip or bud. After control shoot after a while, in mid or late November, bud on grafting mouth bottom ' Huaihe River branch ' is sprouted, start that inflorescences primordium occurs, spica is extracted out and grows further afterwards, it addition, on the ripe tip that grafting mouth bottom retains, spica is also extracted on the top of the tip out, but spica relatively weak (see accompanying drawing 3).
Claims (6)
1. the late-maturing Fructus Litchi of control puies forward precocious method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
S1. with early-mature litchi kind for scion, with late-maturing Litchi Varieties for stock, when late-maturing Fructus Litchi plant has life in 2~4 years, by the scion grafting of early-mature litchi cultivar origin to the branch of late-maturing Fructus Litchi during April;
S2. constantly erase after grafting the bud or the tender tip that grafting mouth lower end grows, but stop erasing in mid-September bud or the tender tip;
S3. in the scion on grafting mouth top, cultivate 1~2 time young sprout, and make the last tip ripe in early September, after last tip maturation, carry out control shoot process, November early and middle ten days, the late-maturing Fructus Litchi bud on the branch of grafting mouth bottom is sprouted, starting inflorescences primordium occur, spica is extracted out and grows further afterwards.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described late-maturing Fructus Litchi is ' Huaihe River branch ', ' glutinous rice wrapped in lotus leaves ', ' osmanthus taste ', ' Jing Ganghong is glutinous ', ' chicken mouth litchi ', ' Ma Guili ', ' non-kernel lichee '; Described early-mature litchi be ' March is red ', ' early litchi fruit ', ' 9918 ', ' cv. Feizixiao ', ' Kom ', ' water east ', ' Gui Hong ', ' Yuanyang '.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in S1 during grafting, by the branch cutting back of late-maturing Fructus Litchi to 1.0~1.5 centimetres of rugosity places, carries out grafting.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described grafting is the method for cut-grafting, after grafting, stock and scion performance are affine.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the method for control shoot described in S3 is manual removal tender shoots, the tender tip; Or spray the ethephon of 300mg/L and the paclobutrazol mixed liquor of 500mg/L.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that after spica is extracted out in S3, the lobule on spica of erasing, strengthen tree body management, increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer and trace element, cultivate healthy and strong spica.
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Cited By (7)
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CN106234109A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of culture implantation methods |
CN106342563A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-25 | 玉林市林业科学研究所 | Litchi fruit tree seedling tie type ring incision longitudinal cutter groove and technological method thereof |
CN110100637A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-09 | 海南盛大蓝海生物科技有限公司 | Potting lichee strange land flower forcing breeding method |
CN110839471A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-28 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for increasing single fruit weight of Feizixiao litchi fruits |
CN111802167A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-23 | 华南农业大学 | Glutinous rice cake litchi early-maturing cultivation method |
CN112931532A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Efficient litchi out-of-season flower forcing composition |
CN113243240A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-13 | 广州市荔鼎生态农业开发有限公司 | Ecological system is planted in orchard |
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Cited By (8)
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CN106234109A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 北海康维生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of culture implantation methods |
CN106342563A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-25 | 玉林市林业科学研究所 | Litchi fruit tree seedling tie type ring incision longitudinal cutter groove and technological method thereof |
CN110100637A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-08-09 | 海南盛大蓝海生物科技有限公司 | Potting lichee strange land flower forcing breeding method |
CN110100637B (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2021-07-20 | 海南盛大蓝海生物科技有限公司 | Potted litchi allopatric flower forcing cultivation method |
CN110839471A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-28 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for increasing single fruit weight of Feizixiao litchi fruits |
CN111802167A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-23 | 华南农业大学 | Glutinous rice cake litchi early-maturing cultivation method |
CN112931532A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Efficient litchi out-of-season flower forcing composition |
CN113243240A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-13 | 广州市荔鼎生态农业开发有限公司 | Ecological system is planted in orchard |
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