CN106613114B - Method for regulating flowering phase of dendrobium officinale - Google Patents
Method for regulating flowering phase of dendrobium officinale Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of dendrobium nobile, which is characterized in that nitrogen phosphorus potassium balanced fertilizer and high potassium fertilizer are applied every month within 6 months after the field planting of seedlings, the moisture is preserved, the temperature is controlled, and the light intensity is controlled; after the seedlings are planted for 7-8 months, applying nitrogen phosphorus potassium balanced fertilizer and high potassium fertilizer every month, spraying for 1 time in the morning and evening every day, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 7-9 kallux; after the seedlings are planted for 9-10 months, applying nitrogen phosphorus potassium balanced fertilizer and high phosphate fertilizer every month, spraying for 1 time in the morning and evening every day, and controlling the illumination intensity to be 7-9 kallux; and (3) performing flower forcing treatment on the dendrobium autumn seedlings by adopting 6-benzylaminopurine 60 days before the target flowering phase of the dendrobium autumn. The invention adopts fertilizer management and combines with plant growth regulator to promote flowering, solves the problem that the flowering phase of dendrobium nobile is contradictory to market demand, is beneficial to promoting the large-scale production of dendrobium nobile in tropical orchid, and has sustainable development significance for the development of tropical orchid industry and scientific research work.
Description
Technical Field
the invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of a plant, in particular to a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of dendrobium officinale.
Background
Dendrobii orchid (also known as dendrobii nobile), a perennial epiphytic herbaceous plant, is a general name of plants of the genus dendrobii (Dendrobium Swartz, abbreviated as Den) of the family Orchidaceae (orchidae), and is called "four-large cymbidium" in combination with phalaenopsis, cattleya and cymbidium.
In production and life, people habitually name dendrobium according to flowering time periods of dendrobium so as to distinguish different dendrobium, for example, dendrobium flowering in spring is called spring dendrobium, and relative flowering period is concentrated in autumn is called autumn dendrobium. Different types of dendrobium stem are obviously distinguished on the inflorescence implantation part, and the requirements on temperature are different, for example, spring dendrobium stem prefers cold and cool, the inflorescence can be formed only by low-temperature induction when the temperature reaches about 5 ℃ in autumn and winter, the inflorescence is extracted from stem nodes on two sides of a pseudo bulb, autumn dendrobium stem prefers high-temperature and humid environment, the vegetative growth reaches a certain degree and meets certain accumulated temperature to flower, the temperature is lower than 12-15 ℃ in winter, the inflorescence is easy to suffer from freezing damage and even die, and is a typical tropical orchid, and the inflorescence is extracted from the top end of the pseudo bulb only.
The dendrobium nobile is evergreen dendrobium nobile, and mainly refers to dendrobium nobile groups, dendrobium antelope groups and intercross species of the dendrobium nobile groups and the dendrobium antelope groups. The inflorescences of the dendrobium nobile are extracted from the tops of stems, 10-20 flowers are planted in each inflorescence, most of the inflorescences are concentrated in autumn, the natural flowering season is 8-11 months, and the inflorescences are relatively concentrated in 9-10 months. The cut flowers are beautiful in shape, various in variety and long in vase insertion period, are not only important cut flower varieties in orchidaceae, but also important ornamental pot flowers and are considered as the most promising commercial varieties of orchids after phalaenopsis and cymbidium hybridum, but the natural flowering phase of the dendrobium nobile is not coincident with important festivals such as national festivals, New year's day, spring festival and the like in market demand, and the dendrobium nobile blooms in the season due to irregular flowering, so that the situation that the dendrobium nobile exists in the market or appears in the market with flowers and without the market, the market price greatly fluctuates, and the development of the dendrobium nobile production is severely limited.
Generally, the dendrobium officinale needs a growth period of approximately 10-12 months from a small seedling to a commodity flowering state, through full vegetative growth in a seedling stage, plants gradually tend to mature in a large seedling stage (more than 4 pseudobulbs and more than 20cm in plant height), under appropriate conditions of temperature, illumination, moisture and the like, the newly-extracted pseudobulbs of the dendrobium officinale grow flower buds, but the flowering time is not too concentrated, the dendrobium officinale planted in the same batch often continuously opens within 1-2 months due to individual difference, and the flowering consistency is not very strong.
The flowering mechanism of dendrobium nobile is not clear, and the measures of utilizing the light cycle and temperature regulation have high cost and no obvious effect, so that the flowering phase regulation is a technical difficulty on dendrobium nobile. Nowadays, producers can only sell plants which naturally bloom in a flower garden, but can not produce and sell the plants in batches according to the needs of specific time, and annual supply cannot be realized, so that the flowering phase regulation of dendrobium nobile is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in production.
At present, the florescence of dendrobium nobile is mainly regulated by arranging the production period of dendrobium nobile seedlings, for example, if flowers are expected to appear before national day, the field planting of the seedlings is arranged in 10-11 months of the last year. Meanwhile, in the management of the fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer is mainly applied in the seedling stage and the middle seedling stage, and high phosphate fertilizer is properly applied in the seedling stage to promote the maturity of pseudobulbs so as to be beneficial to flower bud emergence. In addition, the illumination intensity needs to meet 6-8 kallux, so that the accumulation of photosynthetic products of the artificial bulbs is promoted, and the pseudo bulbs are thickened. The flowering phase regulation and control mode only realizes flowering of the dendrobium officinale in the target flowering phase by simply regulating the production time of the dendrobium officinale and enhancing fertilizer management, and the dendrobium officinale can independently bloom after being matured essentially. However, even in the same batch of dendrobium nobile, because many individuals have differences in development, a large number of plants cannot bloom or are opened in advance in a target flowering period, and generally, only 40-50% of plants capable of meeting normal delivery are obtained. And landslide of required quantity often appears after the holiday in China, so that the plant opened after the target flowering phase can not be sold in time, and producers can only cut off flower buds and perform cultivation for 4-6 months again, and then flower buds are taken out again for selling again, so that unnecessary accumulation of products in the circulation link is caused, a large amount of production space is occupied, the production cost is increased, and the production development is influenced. Moreover, in natural conditions, the inflorescences of natural flowers of dendrobium nobile have a large proportion of less than 8 buds in each inflorescence (generally, more than 12 buds on the inflorescences are regarded as excellent in commercial property), and the quality cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of dendrobium nobile, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problem of inconsistent flowering of the dendrobium nobile can be solved by adopting fertilizer management and combining plant growth regulators for flower forcing, so that the same batch of dendrobium nobile can be uniformly germinated and mass production can be realized, and the method has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, low cost, high flower forcing consistency rate, easiness in operation and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of dendrobium nobile comprises the following measures of nutrient phase management, moisture fertilizer management, temperature and illumination control, growth regulator flower forcing and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. seedling management stage
Selecting good and strong tissue culture seedlings from a nursery garden, transplanting the tissue culture seedlings into a flowerpot in 10 months, and transplanting the tissue culture seedlings in 6 months after the planting (generally, the planting in 10 months is started to the first placeMonth 4 of two years) is a seedling management stage, and the plant indexes are as follows: the plant height is less than 10cm, and the plant has 1-2 pseudobulbs; and in the seedling management stage, fertilization is carried out for 3-4 times per month, the concentration is 0.1%, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, the fertilization mode is that foliage spraying is carried out and root irrigation is combined, and the fertilization amount of the irrigated roots is that a fertilizer solution permeates the culture medium and just can drip out from the bottom. The fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, namely the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O20: 20: 20. and (3) after the seedlings are planted for 2-3 months and grow again, applying high-potassium fertilizer for 1 time every month, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O15: 10: 30. the water management is sprayed for 1 time every 1-2 days according to the weather conditions, and the spraying is not needed any more on the fertilization day; in tropical areas, the climate rises again after 3 months, and the spray amount needs to be increased properly. The temperature is controlled to be 28-32 ℃ as much as possible so as to be beneficial to rapid growth, and heat preservation measures are needed to ensure that the temperature cannot be lower than 15 ℃ in winter so as to prevent cold damage. Because the weak little illumination of seedling stage plant is too strong easily to burn the blade, carry out the sunshade with adjustable sunshade net, the luminous intensity control is at 6 ~ 8 ten thousand lux.
2. In the middle-seedling management stage, the seedling management stage,
And (3) when the seedlings are planted for 7-8 months (namely 5-6 months in the second year), the plants grow to be higher than 15cm in plant height and have 3-4 false bulbs, and then a seedling management stage (the temperature in tropical regions is high, the plants grow rapidly) can be carried out, and during the period, fertilization is carried out for 4 times per month, the concentration is 0.02%, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the fertilization mode is the same as that of the seedling management stage. The fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, namely the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2o20: 20: 20, administered 3 times per month; in addition, the high-potassium fertilizer is applied for 1 time every month, namely the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O15: 10: 30. the water content was controlled to 1 spray every morning and evening. The illumination intensity is controlled to be 7-9 kallux.
3. Seedling management stage
When the plantlets are planted for 9-10 months (namely 7-8 months in the second year), the plants grow to be over 20cm in plant height and have more than 4 pseudo bulbs, and then the plantlets can enter the large seedling pipeand in the management stage (the high-temperature season is still adopted at the moment, the growth of the dendrobium is very suitable, the pseudo bulb newly extracted from the base part in the stage is a flowering stem), and in the period, the fertilizer is applied for 4 times every month, the concentration is 0.02%, the PH is 6.5-7.0, and the fertilizer application mode is the same as that in the seedling management stage. The fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, namely the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O20: 20: 20, administered 3 times per month; in addition, 1 time of high-phosphorus fertilizer application is carried out every month, namely the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O ═ 9: 45: 15, promoting the maturity of the pseudobulb of dendrobium autumnale. The water content was controlled to 1 spray every morning and evening. The illumination intensity is controlled to be 7-9 kallux.
4. Flower forcing stage
And (3) spraying leaf surfaces and irrigating roots of the dendrobium nobile seedlings by adopting a plant growth regulator 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) 60 days before the target flowering phase of the dendrobium nobile. The treatment frequency was 7 days and 1 time, the total number of times of use was 4 times, and the concentration gradient administration mode was adopted, i.e., the 1 st use concentration was 200mg/L, the 2 nd use concentration was 150mg/L, the 3 rd use concentration was 100mg/L, and the 4 th use concentration was 50 mg/L. 10ml of the fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface of each plant and 20ml of the fertilizer is irrigated to the root of each plant, and 30ml of the fertilizer is applied to each plant.
The use of plant growth regulators is necessary to achieve a certain growth rate in the plant and to meet certain environmental conditions. The plant growth amount is at least 3-4 pseudo bulbs, the plant height is not less than 20cm, and the newly-extracted pseudo bulbs are about 10-15 cm in height. The environmental condition requires that the temperature reaches the optimum temperature of 28-35 ℃, and the illumination condition reaches 6-8 ten thousand lux. The optimal effect can be achieved only by adjusting and controlling the flowering phase when the conditions are met.
6-BA is a plant growth regulator, belongs to cytokinin, and has a relatively obvious effect on flower bud induction of dendrobium officinale. Other plant cytokinins such as KT and TDZ have similar effects, except that their flower control effect is either insignificant or too strong and the effect is unstable. The 6-BA flower control effect is mild and stable, and the use cost is low.
The use concentration of the 6-BA in the open-air field is different from that in the greenhouse, the use concentration of the open-air field can be properly improved due to the rainy day, and the field with rain sheltering facilities can use lower concentration, so that the two fields can achieve the same effect.
The invention adopts fertilizer management and combines plant growth regulator for flower forcing, and has the characteristics of simplicity, convenience, low cost, easy operation, high flower forcing consistency rate and the like. The method solves the problems that the flowering time of the dendrobium nobile in the natural flowering phase is inconsistent, the flowering buds cannot be generated neatly and consistently, the dendrobium nobile cannot be delivered in large batches before the target flowering phase, and the dendrobium nobile is sold on the market in a large scale on time, is beneficial to promoting the large-scale production of the dendrobium nobile in tropical orchids, promotes the investment of flower enterprises in tropical regions in China on the production of the dendrobium nobile, forms large-scale industrialization, and promotes the improvement of flower quality, thereby having sustainable development significance for the development of the tropical orchid industry and scientific research work.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods in the following examples, which are not specified under specific conditions, are generally performed under conventional conditions.
Example one
The target florescence is selected as the festival of national celebration, namely, the target florescence is November and one day. Selecting 300 tissue culture seedlings of a good and robust dendrobium variety 'three Sunshine' (Den. 'Sanya Sunshine') in total, planting the seedlings in flowerpots in 10 months of the last year, setting 5 management areas, wherein each management area comprises 60 seedlings, the number of the treatment areas is 3, namely a treatment area A, a treatment area B and a treatment area C, and the number of the comparison areas is 2, namely a comparison area I and a comparison area II. The vegetative phase is managed in a manner consistent with the production management of plants in treatment zone A, B, C and control zone I. And the control area II adopts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, and does not apply high-potassium fertilizer or high-phosphorus fertilizer.
The nutrient period management measures are as follows:
1. Seedling management stage
The plants in treatment zone A, B, C and control zone I were within 6 months of planting (typically 10 months from the beginning of planting to the secondMonth 4 of the year) for 3 times per month, the concentration is 0.1%, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, the fertilization mode is that the fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface and the root irrigation is combined, and the fertilization amount of the root irrigation is that the fertilizer solution permeates the culture medium and just can drip from the bottom. The fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer (N: P)2O5：K2O20: 20: 20). After the seedlings are planted for 2-3 months and the growth vigor of the seedlings is recovered, applying high-potassium fertilizer (N: P) for 1 time every month2O5：K2O15: 10: 30). And the control area II adopts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and does not apply high-potassium fertilizer. The water management is sprayed for 1 time every 1-2 days according to the weather conditions, and the spraying is not needed any more on the fertilization day; in tropical areas, the climate rises again after 3 months, and the spray amount needs to be increased properly. The temperature is controlled to be 28-32 ℃ as much as possible so as to be beneficial to rapid growth, and heat preservation measures are needed to ensure that the temperature cannot be lower than 15 ℃ in winter so as to prevent cold damage. Because the plant in the seedling stage is weak and the illumination is too strong to burn the leaves, the adjustable sun-shading net is used for shading the sun, and the light intensity is controlled to be about 7 ten thousand lux.
2. In the middle-seedling management stage, the seedling management stage,
And when the seedlings are planted for 7-8 months (namely 5-6 months of the current year of the target flowering phase), the plants grow to be more than 15cm in height and have 3-4 pseudobulbs. Fertilizing for 4 times per month, wherein the concentration is 0.02%, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the fertilizing mode is the same as that of the seedling management stage. The fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer (N: P)2O5：K2o20: 20: 20) the fertilizer was applied 3 times per month, and 1 time per month of high potassium fertilizer (N: p2O5：K2O15: 10: 30). And the control area II adopts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and does not apply high-potassium fertilizer. The water content was controlled to 1 spray every morning and evening. The illumination intensity is controlled to be about 9 kallux.
3. seedling management stage
When the seedlings are planted for 9-10 months (namely 7-8 months of the current year of the target flowering phase), the plants grow to be over 20cm in plant height and have over 4 pseudo bulbs, the high-temperature season is still adopted, the growth of the dendrobium officinale is very suitable, and the pseudo bulbs newly extracted from the base part at the stage are flowering stems. Fertilizing for 4 times per month, wherein the concentration is 0.02%, the PH is 6.5-7.0, and the fertilizing mode is the same as that in the seedling management stage. The fertilizer is nitrogenPhosphorus potassium balanced fertilizer (N: P)2O5：K2O20: 20: 20) 3 times per month, and 1 time per month of high phosphate fertilizer (N: p2O5：K2O ═ 9: 45: 15) to promote the maturity of the pseudobulb of dendrobium officinale. And the control area II adopts nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer and does not apply high-phosphorus fertilizer. The water content was controlled to 1 spray every morning and evening. The illumination intensity is controlled to be about 8 ten thousand lux.
The flower forcing treatment comprises the following specific measures:
and (3) treatment area A: the flower forcing treatment is carried out on the 'three sun' 60 days before the target flowering phase. Spraying leaves and irrigating roots of the dendrobium nobile by adopting 6-BA, wherein 10ml of leaves are sprayed on each plant, and 20ml of leaves are used for irrigating roots. The root irrigation is carried out when the substrate is basically dry, and the liquid medicine is fully permeated into the culture substrate and is preferably just dripped out of the bottom of the nutrition cup. After treatment, water can not be sprayed in the same day to avoid the loss of liquid medicine. The treatment is carried out once every 7 days for a total of 4 times, with the 1 st use concentration of 200mg/L, the 2 nd use concentration of 150mg/L, the 3 rd use concentration of 100mg/L and the 4 th use concentration of 50 mg/L.
And (4) managing water, spraying for 1 time in the morning and at night every day, reducing the spraying amount one day before the flower forcing treatment, properly drying the culture substrate, and allowing the liquid medicine to permeate, wherein the spraying can not be carried out again the day after the treatment. The temperature is kept at 28-35 ℃, and the illumination intensity is controlled at 6-8 ten thousand lux.
And a treatment area B: the flower forcing treatment is carried out on the 'three sun' 60 days before the target flowering phase. Spraying leaves and irrigating roots of the dendrobium nobile by adopting 6-BA, wherein 10ml of leaves are sprayed on each plant, and 20ml of leaves are used for irrigating roots. The treatment was carried out once every 7 days for a total of 4 times, with the 1 st use concentration being 200mg/L, the 2 nd use concentration being 200mg/L, the 3 rd use concentration being 200mg/L and the 4 th use concentration being 200 mg/L. Moisture, temperature and light management are the same as treatment area a.
and a treatment area C: the flower forcing treatment is carried out on the 'three sun' 60 days before the target flowering phase. Spraying leaves and irrigating roots of the dendrobium nobile by adopting 6-BA, wherein 10ml of leaves are sprayed on each plant, and 20ml of leaves are used for irrigating roots. The treatment is carried out once every 7 days for a total of 4 times, with the 1 st use concentration being 50mg/L, the 2 nd use concentration being 50mg/L, the 3 rd use concentration being 50mg/L and the 4 th use concentration being 50 mg/L. Moisture, temperature and light management are the same as treatment area a.
control zone i, control zone ii: the "three sun light" was treated with clear water 60 days before the target flowering phase. Each plant was sprayed with 10ml of clean water on leaves and 20ml of clean water was used for root irrigation. The root irrigation is carried out when the substrate is basically dry, so that the moisture can fully permeate the culture substrate and can just drip out of the bottom of the nutrition cup. The rinsing treatment was carried out once every 7 days for a total of 4 times. Water content management, spraying 1 time each day in the morning and evening. The temperature is kept at 28-35 ℃, and the illumination intensity is controlled at 6-8 ten thousand lux.
Example two
the target florescence is selected as the festival of national celebration, namely, the target florescence is November and one day. Selecting 300 grafted seedlings of a good and robust dendrobium species 'Hongxian' (Den. 'Nopporn ping'), planting the seedlings in flowerpots in 10 months of the last year, setting 5 management areas, wherein each management area comprises 60 plants, 3 treatment areas are respectively a treatment area A, a treatment area B and a treatment area C, and 2 comparison areas are respectively a comparison area I and a comparison area II. The nutrient period management and flower forcing treatment of each management area are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Flower bud extraction and flower morphology identification:
Taking the flower bud with the length of 1cm as the flower bud extraction; a flower is considered to be a malformed flower if it is slightly different in morphology from a normal flower.
Observing the flower bud extraction condition of each management area plant after flower forcing and the flower morphology of the flower bud after flowering in the embodiments, counting the flower bud extraction number and abnormal flower number, and calculating the flower bud extraction rate and abnormal flower rate, wherein the results are as follows:
And (3) treatment area A:
The "three sun" started to appear flower buds after 20 days of treatment. On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 2, the flower bud extraction rate is 3.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 46, the flower bud extraction rate is 76.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 52, the flower bud extraction rate is 86.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 55, the flower bud extraction rate is 91.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 60 th day is 56, and the flower bud extraction rate is 93.3%. After treatment, flower buds appear on the plants which grow 8 days later on 40 days, and after 50 days, the flower bud drawing rate reaches 91.7 percent, and the increase is small. After all flower buds bloom, the final count of abnormal flowers is 10, and the abnormal flower rate is 17.8%.
"Hongxiang" began to appear flower buds after 20 days of treatment. On the 10 th day of treatment, the average number of flower buds extracted in the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted on the 20 th day is 5, the flower bud extraction rate is 8.3%, the number of flower buds extracted on the 30 th day is 46, the flower bud extraction rate is 76.7%, the number of flower buds extracted on the 40 th day is 53, the flower bud extraction rate is 88.3%, the number of flower buds extracted on the 50 th day is 56, the flower bud extraction rate is 93.3%, the number of flower buds extracted on the 60 th day is 58, and the flower bud extraction rate is 96.7%. Plants inoculated 8 days after "Hongxiang" treatment all developed flower buds, after which the flowering rate increased to 96.7% at day 60. After all flower buds bloom, the final count of abnormal flowers is 9, and the abnormal flower rate is 15.5%.
And a treatment area B:
The "three sun" started to appear flower buds after 20 days of treatment. On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 2, the flower bud extraction rate is 3.33%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 49, the flower bud extraction rate is 81.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 54, the flower bud extraction rate is 90.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 55, the flower bud extraction rate is 91.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 60 th day is 57, and the flower bud extraction rate is 95.0%. After 30 days after treatment, the flower bud ratio is more than 8 and more than 9 after 60 days. After all flower buds bloom, the final count of abnormal flowers is 17, and the abnormal flower rate is 29.8%.
"Hongxiang" began to appear flower buds after 20 days of treatment. On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 5, the flower bud extraction rate is 8.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 47, the flower bud extraction rate is 78.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 55, the flower bud extraction rate is 91.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 57, the flower bud extraction rate is 95.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 60 th day is 58, and the flower bud extraction rate is 96.7%. The plants which nearly became 8 days after the treatment showed flower buds, and the flower extraction rate increased to 95.0% at day 50, and then changed little. After all flower buds bloom, the final count of abnormal flowers is 15, and the abnormal flower rate is 25.8%.
and a treatment area C:
The "three sun" started to appear flower buds after 20 days of treatment. On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 11, the flower bud extraction rate is 18.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 43, the flower bud extraction rate is 71.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 50, the flower bud extraction rate is 83.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 51, the flower bud extraction rate is 84.0%, the flower bud extraction rate of the 60 th day is 51, and the flower bud extraction rate is 85.0%. After 40 days of treatment, the plants beyond 8 have flower buds, and after 50 days of treatment, the flower buds reach 84.0%, and the increase is small. After all flower buds bloom, the final count of abnormal flowers is 5, and the abnormal flower rate is 9.8%.
"Hongxiang" began to appear flower buds after 20 days of treatment. On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 3, the flower bud extraction rate is 5.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 39, the flower bud extraction rate is 65.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 47, the flower bud extraction rate is 78.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 48, the flower bud extraction rate is 80.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 60 th day is 48, and the flower bud extraction rate is 80.0%. The plants that reached approximately 8 days after treatment showed flower buds, and the flower emergence rate increased to 80.0% on day 50, with little change thereafter. After all flower buds bloom, the final count of abnormal flowers is 2, and the abnormal flower rate is 4.2%.
Control zone i:
Flower buds began to appear 20 days after the clear water treatment in "three sun". On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 4, the flower bud extraction rate is 6.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 16, the flower bud extraction rate is 26.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 17, the flower bud extraction rate is 28.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 18, the flower bud extraction rate is 30.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 60 th day is 18, and the flower bud extraction rate is 30.0%. After 30 days of treatment with clear water, the flower bud drawing rate is not increased greatly, and the flower bud drawing rate is less than 30% in the final result of 60 days.
Floral buds began to appear 20 days after the "Hongxia" treatment with clear water. On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 2, the flower bud extraction rate is 3.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 14, the flower bud extraction rate is 23.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 25, the flower bud extraction rate is 41.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 28, the flower bud extraction rate is 46.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 60 th day is 28, and the flower bud extraction rate is 46.7%. After being treated by clear water for 40 days, the flower bud drawing rate is not increased greatly, and the flower bud drawing rate of the final result of 60 days is higher than that of 'three sun' and reaches 46 percent.
Control zone ii:
flower buds began to appear 20 days after the clear water treatment in "three sun". On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 3, the flower bud extraction rate is 5.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 11, the flower bud extraction rate is 18.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 13, the flower bud extraction rate is 21.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 16, the flower bud extraction rate is 26.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 60 th day is 17, and the flower bud extraction rate is 28.3%. After 30 days of treatment with clear water, the flower bud drawing rate is not increased greatly, and the flower bud drawing rate is less than 30% in the final result of 60 days.
Floral buds began to appear 20 days after the "Hongxia" treatment with clear water. On the 10 th day of treatment, the number of flower buds extracted from the treatment area is 0, the number of flower buds extracted from the 20 th day is 2, the flower bud extraction rate is 3.3%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 30 th day is 12, the flower bud extraction rate is 20.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 40 th day is 21, the flower bud extraction rate is 35.0%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 50 th day is 25, the flower bud extraction rate is 41.7%, the number of flower buds extracted from the 60 th day is 26, and the flower bud extraction rate is 43.3%. After being treated by clear water for 40 days, the flower bud drawing rate is not increased greatly, and the flower bud drawing rate of the final result of 60 days is higher than that of 'three sun' and reaches 43 percent.
And (4) analyzing results:
The control zone treated with clear water can be considered as a condition of natural flowering. In the target flowering phase, the final flower bud drawing rate of the 'three-sun light' is less than 30%, namely more than 70% of the dendrobium nobile can not flower on time; the flowering rate of the "Hongxiang" is slightly higher, reaching 46%, but more than half of the plants still can not flower on time. In contrast, when a high-potassium fertilizer or a high-phosphorus fertilizer is applied in the vegetative stage, the extraction rate of the flower buds of the dendrobium autumn is higher than that of plants without the high-potassium fertilizer or the high-phosphorus fertilizer.
The dendrobium nobile subjected to the 6-BA flower forcing treatment has higher flower bud ratio. At the target flowering stage, although the "three sun" and "rosy clouds" final flower bud rates of 94.3% and 95.7% were the highest of all treatments in treatment zone B, the rate of abnormal flowers was also highest, reaching 29.8% and 25.8%, respectively; although the rates of "suntan" and "rosy" abnormal flowers were lower in treatment zone C, 9.8% and 4.2%, respectively, their rate of flower buds of 84.0% and 80.0% were not the highest; the final flower bud extraction rates of the three-sun light and the red clouds in the treatment area A reach 93.2 percent and 95.7 percent respectively, and have no significant difference from the result of the treatment area B, and the flower distortion rates are relatively low, namely 17.4 percent and 15.2 percent, so that the flower bud extraction rate is acceptable in the market of the commercial crop flowers.
In conclusion, flower buds subjected to flower forcing treatment in the treatment area A are drawn out regularly, the flower buds are remarkably higher than the flower buds subjected to treatment with clear water, the abnormal flower rate is relatively low, the flower bud forcing treatment is acceptable to the market, and meanwhile the requirement of batch shipment is met. The method can effectively and orderly induce and extract flower buds.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for regulating and controlling the flowering phase of dendrobium officinale is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) And young seedling management stage
selecting a tissue culture seedling with good growth vigor and strong strength from a nursery garden, transplanting the tissue culture seedling into a flowerpot in 10 months, and taking a seedling management stage within 6 months after planting, wherein the plant indexes are as follows: the plant height is less than 10cm, and the plant has 1-2 pseudobulbs; in the seedling management stage, fertilization is carried out for 3-4 times per month, the concentration is 0.1%, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, the fertilization mode is that foliage spraying is carried out, root irrigation is combined, and the fertilizing amount of the irrigated roots is that a fertilizer solution permeates a culture medium and just drips out from the bottom; the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, namely the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O20: 20: 20; after the seedlings are planted for 2-3 months and grow again, applying high-potassium fertilizer for 1 time every month, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O15: 10: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; spraying water for 1 time every 1-2 days according to weather conditions, wherein spraying is not needed on the fertilization day; controlling the temperature to be 28-32 ℃, and keeping the temperature not to be lower than 15 ℃ by using heat preservation measures in winter; controlling the light intensity at 6-8 ten thousand lux;
2) And seedling management stage
After the seedlings are fixedly planted for 7-8 months, the plants grow to be higher than 15cm in plant height and have 3-4 pseudobulbs, and a seedling management stage is carried out, wherein fertilization is carried out for 4 times per month in the period, the concentration is 0.02%, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the fertilization mode is the same as that of the seedling management stage; the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, namely the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2o20: 20: 20, 3 times per month, and 1 time per month of high potassium fertilizer, namely, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2o15: 10: 30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; the water is managed to be sprayed for 1 time in the morning and at night every day, and the illumination intensity is controlled to be 7-9 ten thousand lux;
3) And large seedling management stage
after the seedlings are planted for 9-10 months, the plants grow to be over 20cm in plant height and have more than 4 false bulbs, and enter a large seedling management stage, and during the period, fertilization is carried out for 4 times per month, the concentration is 0.02%, the pH value is 6.5-7.0, and the fertilization mode is the same as that of the small seedling management stage; the fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer, namely the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O20: 20: 20, 3 times per month, and 1 time per month for high-phosphorus fertilizer, namely, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer is N: p2O5：K2O ═ 9: 45: 15; the water content is managed to be sprayed for 1 time in the morning and evening every day; the illumination intensity is controlled to be 7-9 million lux;
4) And flower forcing stage
60 days before the target flowering phase of the dendrobium nobile, adopting 6-benzylaminopurine as a plant growth regulator to carry out leaf surface spraying and root irrigation treatment on the dendrobium nobile seedlings, wherein the treatment frequency is 1 time in 7 days, the total use times are 4 times, and a concentration gradient application mode is adopted, namely the 1 st use concentration is 200mg/L, the 2 nd use concentration is 150mg/L, the 3 rd use concentration is 100mg/L, and the 4 th use concentration is 50 mg/L; 10ml of the fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surface of each plant and 20ml of the fertilizer is irrigated to the root of each plant, and 30ml of the fertilizer is applied to each plant.
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