CN103718935B - A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Moth orchid - Google Patents

A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Moth orchid Download PDF

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CN103718935B
CN103718935B CN201310668438.2A CN201310668438A CN103718935B CN 103718935 B CN103718935 B CN 103718935B CN 201310668438 A CN201310668438 A CN 201310668438A CN 103718935 B CN103718935 B CN 103718935B
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moth orchid
fertilizer
water
days
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CN103718935A (en
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刘凌芳
贺学工
王志英
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CHAOYANG MAOYUAN MODERN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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CHAOYANG MAOYUAN MODERN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Abstract

A greenhouse cultivation method for Moth orchid, cleans pasture and water clear water, sterilization, obtains Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix; Group training room plantation is entered after being cut by Moth orchid bud arrow, after tissue cultures becomes seedling plant division, control temperature, humidity and illumination, the group training after date through 12 months ~ 13 months enters the foster root phase; When supporting the root phase, 3 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to diameter and be 3.0 cun and plant in alms bowl, when 4 ~ 5 roots grow to complete full time migrate to diameter and be 3.5 cun and plant in alms bowl, carry out cultivation of nourishing and growing, the foster root after date through 5 months ~ 6 months enters urges the arrow phase; Urge the arrow phase and grow flower the phase time, control temperature, humidity and illumination, the whole planting time of arrow phase of urging is 45 days ~ 60 days, and the planting time of whole phase of growing flower is 5 days ~ 8 days.Advantage is: Moth orchid survival rate is more than 90%, and survival rate is high, shortens the cultivation period of Moth orchid, is suitable for Moth orchid at northern chamber planting.

Description

A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Moth orchid
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Moth orchid.
Background technology
Moth orchid, also known as phalaenopsis, is a kind of very famous and precious indoor flower, and because its form is graceful, flower shape is peculiar, and the florescence is long, and ornamental value is high, is described as " orchid queen ".Through the breeding of last 100 years, modern Moth orchid is of a great variety, becomes the most potted plant kind.
Moth orchid originates in hylaeion hypotropicum, avoids extremely hot, dry, and winter, light requirement was sufficient, but the blade of burning that is exposed to the sun.Due to north of china in winter and spring dry, summer, intensity of sunshine was large, and soil property mostly is alkalescence, and also more containing salt in water, such weather and soil make Moth orchid not high in cultivated in north survival rate, and the cultivation period of Moth orchid is long, about being generally two-and-a-half years.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the greenhouse cultivation method of the Moth orchid that a kind of survival rate is high, cultivation period is shorter, plant strain growth is healthy and strong.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A greenhouse cultivation method for Moth orchid, its concrete steps are as follows:
1.1, the preparation of matrix
Cleaned by pasture and water clear water, in steam pond, sterilization 25min ~ 30min at 90 DEG C ~ 95 DEG C, obtains Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix;
1.2, the cultivation of training phase is organized
Group training room plantation is entered after being cut by Moth orchid bud arrow, after tissue cultures becomes seedling plant division, migrate to and be equipped with in 36 hole dishes of described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix, when seedling grows three leaves, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 2.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, shift-in seedbed is supported and is planted; During the group training phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, control night at 19 DEG C ~ 23 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 55% ~ 60%, night, humid control was 68% ~ 72%, daylight controls in 19000 luxs, lux ~ 23000, and the planting time of whole group of training phase is 12 months ~ 13 months;
1.3, the root phase is supported
When 3 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 3.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, when 4 ~ 5 roots grow to complete full time migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed and be 3.5 cun and plant in alms bowl, carry out cultivation of nourishing and growing; When supporting the root phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 19 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 65%, night, humid control was 75% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 18000 luxs, lux ~ 25000, and the planting time of whole foster root phase is 5 months ~ 6 months;
1.4, the arrow phase is urged
When urging the arrow phase, control at 24 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime by temperature, control night at 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 55%, and night, humid control was 65% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 20000 luxs, lux ~ 25000; The whole planting time of arrow phase of urging is 45 days ~ 60 days;
1.5, grow flower the phase
Grow flower the phase time, by day temperature 22 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, humid control is 50% ~ 70%, and illumination controls in 9000 luxs, lux ~ 12000; The planting time of whole phase of growing flower is 5 days ~ 8 days;
1.6, to water and requirement of applying fertilizer
Adopt the time of infertility root to fill with and microspray irrigation, within 3 days ~ 5 days, root is filled with once, and 1 day ~ 2 days microspray irrigations once; Enter Moth orchid to support the root phase, carry out while microspray irrigation with fertile when urging arrow phase and the phase of growing flower, rate of fertilizer is 0.6 kilogram/m 2, wherein, support the root phase and urge the arrow phase with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight to be: nitrogenous fertilizer 15% ~ 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 30%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 30%, manganese fertilizer 0.01% ~ 2%, zinc fertilizer 0.01% ~ 2%, surplus is water; Phase of growing flower with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15% ~ 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 30%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 30%, manganese fertilizer 0.01% ~ 0.2%, zinc fertilizer 0.01% ~ 0.2%, fertiliser containing magnesium 0.0 1% ~ 0.2%, boron fertilizer 0. 01% ~ 0.2%, surplus is water.
During microspray irrigation, consumption irrigation water capacity per minute is 2.5 kilograms.
Described pasture and water are the pasture and water of severe cold areas growth.
Described pasture and water are without the pasture and water grown under direct light condition in the Aer Mountain pine forest of the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, wherein length is 3cm ~ 5cm, width is that the pasture and water quantity of 1cm ~ 1.5cm accounts for more than 80%, to ensure pasture and water not easily ash loss, for Moth orchid matrix, easy water suction, not easily does.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Adopt pasture and water strong as Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix water absorbing capacity, ensure that the quality of matrix; By controlling the temperature of each different female bloom dates, humidity with, illumination and irrigation amount, making that Moth orchid survival rate is more than 90%, cultivation period is 18 months ~ 21 months, improve the survival rate of Moth orchid, shorten the cultivation period of Moth orchid, be suitable for Moth orchid at northern chamber planting, the vegetative stage applying fertilizer different according to Moth orchid, make plant strain growth healthy and strong, blade is light green, can be not curling for a long time, petal can open, and pattern is gorgeous, occur without abnormal phenomenon, appreciative value is strong.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1.1, the preparation of matrix
By pasture and water (without the pasture and water grown under direct light condition in the Aer Mountain pine forest of the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, wherein length is 3cm ~ 5cm, width is that the pasture and water quantity of 1cm ~ 1.5cm accounts for more than 80%) clean with clear water, sterilization 30min at 90 DEG C in steam pond, obtains Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix;
1.2, the cultivation of training phase is organized
Group training room plantation is entered after being cut by Moth orchid bud arrow, after tissue cultures becomes seedling plant division, migrate to and be equipped with in 36 hole dishes of described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix, when seedling grows three leaves, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 2.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, shift-in seedbed is supported and is planted; During the group training phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 19 DEG C ~ 23 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 55% ~ 60%, night, humid control was 68% ~ 72%, and daylight controls in 19000 luxs, lux ~ 23000, and the planting time of whole group of training phase is 12 months;
1.3, the root phase is supported
When 3 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 3.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, when 4 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed and be 3.5 cun and plant in alms bowl, carry out cultivation of nourishing and growing; When supporting the root phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 19 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 65%, night, humid control was 75% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 18000 luxs, lux ~ 25000, and the planting time of whole foster root phase is 5 months;
1.4, the arrow phase is urged
When urging the arrow phase, control at 24 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime by temperature, control night at 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 55%, and night, humid control was 65% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 20000 luxs, lux ~ 25000; The whole planting time of arrow phase of urging is 45 days;
1.5, grow flower the phase
Grow flower the phase time, by day temperature 22 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, humid control is 50% ~ 70%, and illumination controls in 9000 luxs, lux ~ 12000; The planting time of whole phase of growing flower is 8 days;
1.6, to water and requirement of applying fertilizer
Adopt the time of infertility root to fill with and microspray irrigation, during microspray irrigation, adopt and carry out microspray irrigation with the hydraulic giant of 2.5 kilograms of pressure per minute, within 4 days, root is filled with once, and 2 days microspray irrigations once; Moth orchid supports the root phase, carry out with fertile while microspray irrigation when urging arrow phase and the phase of growing flower, and rate of fertilizer is 0.6 kilogram/m 2, wherein, support the root phase and urge the arrow phase with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight to be: nitrogenous fertilizer 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, manganese fertilizer 1%, zinc fertilizer 2%, surplus is water; Phase of growing flower with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight is: nitrogenous fertilizer 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, manganese fertilizer 0.1%, zinc fertilizer 0.2%, fertiliser containing magnesium 0.1%, boron fertilizer 0.2%, and surplus is water;
The survival rate of Moth orchid is more than 90%, and each grade flowering rate is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 2
1.1, the preparation of matrix
By pasture and water ((without the pasture and water grown under direct light condition in the Aer Mountain pine forest of the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, wherein length is 3cm ~ 5cm, width is that the pasture and water quantity of 1cm ~ 1.5cm accounts for more than 80%) clean with clear water, sterilization 25min at 95 DEG C in steam pond, obtains Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix;
1.2, the cultivation of training phase is organized
Group training room plantation is entered after being cut by Moth orchid bud arrow, after tissue cultures becomes seedling plant division, migrate to and be equipped with in 36 hole dishes of described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix, when seedling grows three leaves, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 2.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, shift-in seedbed is supported and is planted; During the group training phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 19 DEG C ~ 23 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 55% ~ 60%, night, humid control was 68% ~ 72%, and daylight controls in 19000 luxs, lux ~ 23000, and the planting time of whole group of training phase is 13 months;
1.3, the root phase is supported
When 3 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 3.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, when 4 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed and be 3.5 cun and plant in alms bowl, carry out cultivation of nourishing and growing; When supporting the root phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 19 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 65%, night, humid control was 75% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 18000 luxs, lux ~ 25000, and the planting time of whole foster root phase is 6 months;
1.4, the arrow phase is urged
When urging the arrow phase, control at 24 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime by temperature, control night at 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 55%, and night, humid control was 65% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 20000 luxs, lux ~ 25000; The whole planting time of arrow phase of urging is 60 days;
1.5, grow flower the phase
Grow flower the phase time, by day temperature 22 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, humid control is 50% ~ 70%, and illumination controls in 9000 luxs, lux ~ 12000; The planting time of whole phase of growing flower is 5 days;
1.6, to water and requirement of applying fertilizer
Adopt the time of infertility root to fill with and microspray irrigation, during microspray irrigation, adopt and carry out microspray irrigation with the hydraulic giant of 2.5 kilograms of pressure per minute, within 5 days, root is filled with once, and sprinkling irrigation in 1 day once; Moth orchid supports the root phase, carry out with fertile while microspray irrigation when urging arrow phase and the phase of growing flower, and rate of fertilizer is 0.6 kilogram/m 2, wherein, support the root phase and urge the arrow phase with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight to be: nitrogenous fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 15%, manganese fertilizer 0.01%, zinc fertilizer 0.01%, surplus is water; Phase of growing flower with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 15%, manganese fertilizer 0.01%, zinc fertilizer 0.01%, fertiliser containing magnesium 0.01%, boron fertilizer 0.01%, and surplus is water;
The survival rate of Moth orchid is more than 90%, and each grade flowering rate is as shown in table 1.
Embodiment 3
1.1, the preparation of matrix
By pasture and water (without the pasture and water grown under direct light condition in the Aer Mountain pine forest of the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, wherein length is 3cm ~ 5cm, width is that the pasture and water quantity of 1cm ~ 1.5cm accounts for more than 80%) clean with clear water, sterilization 28min at 92 DEG C in steam pond, obtains Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix;
1.2, the cultivation of training phase is organized
Group training room plantation is entered after being cut by Moth orchid bud arrow, after tissue cultures becomes seedling plant division, migrate to and be equipped with in 36 hole dishes of described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix, when seedling grows three leaves, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 2.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, shift-in seedbed is supported and is planted; During the group training phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 19 DEG C ~ 23 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 55% ~ 60%, night, humid control was 68% ~ 72%, and daylight controls in 19000 luxs, lux ~ 23000, and the planting time of whole group of training phase is 12 first quarter moons;
1.3, the root phase is supported
When 3 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 3.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, when 5 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed and be 3.5 cun and plant in alms bowl, carry out cultivation of nourishing and growing; When supporting the root phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 19 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 65%, night, humid control was 75% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 18000 luxs, lux ~ 25000, and the planting time of whole foster root phase is 5 first quarter moons;
1.4, the arrow phase is urged
When urging the arrow phase, control at 23 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C daytime by temperature, control night at 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 55%, and night, humid control was 65% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 20000 luxs, lux ~ 25000; The whole planting time of arrow phase of urging is 50 days;
1.5, grow flower the phase
Grow flower the phase time, by day temperature 22 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, humid control is 50% ~ 70%, and illumination controls in 9000 luxs, lux ~ 12000; The planting time of whole phase of growing flower is 7 days;
1.6, to water and requirement of applying fertilizer
Adopt the time of infertility root to fill with and microspray irrigation, during microspray irrigation, adopt and carry out microspray irrigation with the hydraulic giant of 2.5 kilograms of pressure per minute, within 3 days, root is filled with once, and 2 days microspray irrigations once; Moth orchid supports the root phase, carry out with fertile while microspray irrigation when urging arrow phase and the phase of growing flower, and rate of fertilizer is 0.6 kilogram/m 2, wherein, support the root phase and urge the arrow phase with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight to be: nitrogenous fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 30%, phosphate fertilizer 30%, manganese fertilizer 2%, zinc fertilizer 1%, surplus is water; Phase of growing flower with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 30%, phosphate fertilizer 30%, manganese fertilizer 0.2%, zinc fertilizer 0.1%, magnesium 0.2%, boron fertilizer 0.1%, and surplus is water;
The survival rate of Moth orchid is more than 90%, and each grade flowering rate is as shown in table 1.
The grade classification of Moth orchid finished product flower: finished product is spent and is generally divided into superfine, A level, B level and C level.Superfine should have more than 12 buds, should have the flower that more than 6 ~ 8 open during product.A level should have more than 8 buds, should have the flower that more than 6 open during product; B level should have 6-7 bud, should have the flower that more than 5 open during product; C level should have 4 ~ 5 buds, should have the flower of 4 openings during product.
Table 1
A level ratio % B level ratio % C level ratio %
Embodiment 1 69.6 22.0 8.4
Embodiment 2 69.7 22.1 8.2
Embodiment 3 69.6 22.2 8.2

Claims (4)

1. a greenhouse cultivation method for Moth orchid, is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
1.1, the preparation of matrix
Cleaned by pasture and water clear water, in steam pond, sterilization 25min ~ 30min at 90 DEG C ~ 95 DEG C, obtains Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix;
1.2, the cultivation of training phase is organized
Group training room plantation is entered after being cut by Moth orchid bud arrow, after tissue cultures becomes seedling plant division, migrate to and be equipped with in 36 hole dishes of described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix, when seedling grows three leaves, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 2.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, shift-in seedbed is supported and is planted; During the group training phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, control night at 19 DEG C ~ 23 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 55% ~ 60%, night, humid control was 68% ~ 72%, daylight controls in 19000 luxs, lux ~ 23000, and the planting time of whole group of training phase is 12 months ~ 13 months;
1.3, the root phase is supported
When 3 roots of Moth orchid complete full time, migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed to be 3.0 cun and to plant in alms bowl, when 4 ~ 5 roots grow to complete full time migrate to the diameter that described Moth orchid nutritive cube matrix is housed and be 3.5 cun and plant in alms bowl, carry out cultivation of nourishing and growing; When supporting the root phase, temperature is controlled at 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime, controls night at 19 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 65%, night, humid control was 75% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 18000 luxs, lux ~ 25000, and the planting time of whole foster root phase is 5 months ~ 6 months;
1.4, the arrow phase is urged
When urging the arrow phase, control at 24 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C daytime by temperature, control night at 16 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, daytime, humid control was 45% ~ 55%, and night, humid control was 65% ~ 85%, and daylight controls in 20000 luxs, lux ~ 25000; The whole planting time of arrow phase of urging is 45 days ~ 60 days;
1.5, grow flower the phase
Grow flower the phase time, by day temperature 22 DEG C ~ 26 DEG C, nocturnal temperature 18 DEG C ~ 22 DEG C, humid control is 50% ~ 70%, and illumination controls in 9000 luxs, lux ~ 12000; The planting time of whole phase of growing flower is 5 days ~ 8 days;
1.6, to water and requirement of applying fertilizer
Adopt the time of infertility root to fill with and microspray irrigation, within 3 days ~ 5 days, root is filled with once, and 1 day ~ 2 days microspray irrigations once; Moth orchid supports the root phase, carry out with fertile while microspray irrigation when urging arrow phase and the phase of growing flower, and rate of fertilizer is 0.6 kilogram/m 2, wherein, support the root phase and urge the arrow phase with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight to be: nitrogenous fertilizer 15% ~ 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 30%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 30%, manganese fertilizer 0.01% ~ 2%, zinc fertilizer 0.01% ~ 2%, surplus is water; Phase of growing flower with fertile fertilizer element and percentage by weight is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15% ~ 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 30%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 30%, manganese fertilizer 0.01% ~ 0.2%, zinc fertilizer 0.01% ~ 0.2%, fertiliser containing magnesium 0.01% ~ 0.2%, boron fertilizer 0.01% ~ 0.2%, surplus is water.
2. the greenhouse cultivation method of Moth orchid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during microspray irrigation, and consumption irrigation water capacity per minute is 2.5 kilograms.
3. the greenhouse cultivation method of Moth orchid according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pasture and water are the pasture and water of severe cold areas growth.
4. the greenhouse cultivation method of the Moth orchid according to claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that: described pasture and water are without the pasture and water grown under direct light condition in the Aer Mountain pine forest of the Xiaoxinanlin Mountains, wherein length is 3cm ~ 5cm, width is that the pasture and water quantity of 1cm ~ 1.5cm accounts for more than 80%.
CN201310668438.2A 2013-12-11 2013-12-11 A kind of greenhouse cultivation method of Moth orchid Expired - Fee Related CN103718935B (en)

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CN106922512A (en) * 2017-03-23 2017-07-07 苏州农业职业技术学院 A kind of orchid cultural method
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CN111758423A (en) * 2020-06-24 2020-10-13 浙江省亚热带作物研究所 Out-of-season forcing method for cymbidium kanran makino

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