CN104686150A - Flowering phase control method for promoting paeonia rockii to flower in winter - Google Patents
Flowering phase control method for promoting paeonia rockii to flower in winter Download PDFInfo
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- CN104686150A CN104686150A CN201510096771.XA CN201510096771A CN104686150A CN 104686150 A CN104686150 A CN 104686150A CN 201510096771 A CN201510096771 A CN 201510096771A CN 104686150 A CN104686150 A CN 104686150A
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- control method
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- paeonia
- paeonia papaveracea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a flowering phase control method for promoting paeonia rockii to flower in winter. The flowering phase control method comprises the following steps: 1) plant selection: selecting perennial individual seedlings or grafted seedlings during the period from the completion of the spring flowering phase to the flower bud differentiation of the paeonia rockii, and after leaf falling and before soil freezing, lifting the seedlings and potting, and trimming the plant types to keep the effective flower buds; 2) outdoor hardening: potting the paeonia rockii seedlings in the middle of November and watering, placing outdoors at natural low-temperature environment below 0 DEG C for at least 30 days, reaching the lowest effective accumulative temperature of 640 DEG C and the lowest chilling time of 360 h; and 3) after the outdoor hardening, transplanting the seedlings into a warming greenhouse to culture to flower, wherein the greenhouse conditions are controlled as follows: the day temperature is 19-25 DEG C, the night temperature is 10-6 DEG C, the illumination intensity is 18000-20000 lux and the humidity is 50-70%. The flowering phase control method is based on the biological characteristics of the paeonia rockii, the dormancy of the paeonia rockii is released at low temperature and the flower forcing is completed at high temperature, so that the whole culture process is simplified, no hormone treatment is required, the investment is saved, the quality of the potted paeonia rockiiinter in winter is improved and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of florescence control method promoting Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming, belong to field of flower culture.
Background technology
To be that China is distinctive famously view and admire and medicinal plant Paeonia papaveracea (Paeonia rockii T.Hong et J.J.Li), as the second largest Breeds of research of Paeonia suffruticosa, it has ornamental value and drought-enduring, the cold-resistant characteristics such as plant is tall and big, flower is luxuriant, the fragrance of flowers is strong.Paeonia papaveracea is that Paeoniaceae tree peony belongs to fallen leaves undershrub, and stem is upright, high 1.5m.The lower portion of the stem leaf is two times winglike compound leaves, tool long handle; An accessory pinna ovum shape Long Circle of its underpart, tool two times accessory pinna 2-7 sheets, nethermost two times accessory pinna width egg shapes.Three drastic cracks or full edge, sliver ovum shape ellipse or oval shape lanceolar, upper surface is without hair, and raw pubescence is dredged at the back side.Hua great, beauty, Dan Shengzhi pushes up, about 10 pieces, petal, and white, the large speckle of the black purple of outside of belly base portion tool, filigree is faint yellow, floral disc keratin, carpel 5-8 piece, column cap yellow-white.May at florescence, the fruit phase 8-9 month.Be distributed in forest zone, sweet loess plateau, China Shan and Qin-ba Mountains, the plant height fragrance of a flower, cold resistance is strong, and growing way is strong.
Paeonia papaveracea nature the florescence be May, for a long time based on field production, view and admire, seldom see potted flower culture.In China, tree peony potted flower in winter market is based on the short Central Plains tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) of plant type.Applicant attempts using for reference Central Plains peony flower forcing method in early days and carries out Paeonia papaveracea forcing culture in winter: on the 10-11 month, basin lets cool storehouse and spends breaking dormancy in vernalization stage, be introduced into low temperature greenhouse 11 ~ December 15 ~ 30 days, then enter the cultivation of high temperature greenhouse cooperation foreign aid hormone until bloom.In reality is implemented, applicant finds due to the difference of plant physiological property, and Central Plains peony flower forcing method is used for Paeonia papaveracea and causes it to cultivate cost remaining high, and sprout irregular, abortion rate is high, branches and leaves are sparse, fresh idea is few, affects potted flower total quality.
Summary of the invention
Ripe this problem of Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming technical scheme is can be used for for there is no at present, applicant carefully studies and analyzes different growth conditions and environment for many years to the effect of Paeonia papaveracea florescence control, it is made to bloom under winter environment in New Year's Day and the Spring Festival etc., so that supply winter market, solve different times market scale demand; And method of the present invention can simplify cultivating process, reduces costs, strengthen Paeonia papaveracea potted flower in winter quality, improve its ornamental character.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of florescence control method promoting Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming, comprising the steps: 1) plant selects: after the Paeonia papaveracea florescence in spring, divide the florescence to bud, select perennial axillary seedling or grafting, after selected Paeonia papaveracea seedling fallen leaves before frozen soil, basin on lifting, prunes plant type and retains effective bud; 2) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings: Paeonia papaveracea seedling waters after basin, at outdoor less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature environment, places at least 30 days, and reaches minimum effective accumulated temperature 640 DEG C, number 360h when minimum need are cold; 3) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings terminates rear immigration and heats hot-house culture to blooming, wherein, greenhouse experiment control be: temperature day temperature 19 ~ 25 DEG C, night temperature 10 ~ 6 DEG C, between intensity of illumination 18000 ~ 20000lux, humidity 50% ~ 70%.
Florescence control method of the present invention, take into full account the physiological feature of Paeonia papaveracea, minimum effective accumulated temperature 640 DEG C of blooming is met before Paeonia papaveracea hot-house culture, after outdoor less than the 0 DEG C cold acclimation of at least 35 ~ 40 days meets its chilling requirement, fully remove the rudiment of bud dormancy ability and bloom.
In above-mentioned, alleged does not require whole day temperature all lower than 0 DEG C at outdoor less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature environment, and refer in whole day free lower than 0 DEG C, be commonly referred to as nocturnal temperature lower than 0 DEG C, generally speaking, at north of China, comprise the most area such as northeast, northwest, winter, nocturnal temperature was all lower than 0 DEG C.
Same, utilize natural low temperature just in order to reduce whole production cost, under the condition of artificially controlling temperature, make temperature lower than 0 DEG C, then meet minimum effective accumulated temperature 640 DEG C, when minimum need are cold, the technical scheme of number 360h also can be used for alternative step 2 of the present invention).
Technical scheme of the present invention makes Paeonia papaveracea complete flower bud differentiation in outdoor and after breaking dormancy, enter high temperature greenhouse again and complete flower forcing, dramatically saves on the economic input of artificial breaking dormancy (Storage in cold bank), and hinder many management links such as root, airing, the dormancy of application hormone releasing bud, improve economic benefit.
In order to improve the survival rate of plant, step (1) described Paeonia papaveracea seedling select life in 3 years above have more than 4 full buds, the Paeonia papaveracea axillary seedling of robust plant or life in 4 years have the Paeonia papaveracea grafting of the robust plant of more than 6 full buds above.
In order to improve the growth rate of plant, set-up procedure (1) basin cultivation matrix used can also be gone up as required, normal soil can be used, also mixed culture matrix can be adopted to improve breathe freely, preferably, the upper basin cultivation matrix used of step (1) is for garden mould 2 parts, 1 part, slag, sawdust 1 part of mixing form by weight.
Wherein, basin used can be selected according to plant situation, generally speaking uses basin on more than 35cm bore mud earthen basin or pottery basin.
In order to ensure the incubation time of plant in cold stage necessity, effectively save whole incubation again, applicant conducts in-depth research the time to step (2) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings, and preferably, low temperature standing time is 35 ~ 40 days.
In hot-house culture process, in order to ensure that branches and leaves are grown, step (3) flower forcing process starts to buddingging the stage, sprays water 4 to 6 every day to buddingging on branch, keeps basin soil humidity.
Above-mentioned basin soil humidity meets growth needs, and usual humidity is not less than 50%, and preferably 70%.
Same, step (3) flower forcing process is sprouted to the vertical flower bud stage from bud mid-term, in order to ensure effective flower forcing, and the urea of every basin foliage-spray 0.3% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The above-mentioned fertilizer sprayed is preferred, but other fertilizer being commonly used in flower cultivation field, greenhouse also can be used for the present invention.
After there is bud, in order to ensure that flower is indeformable, strengthening blade face water spray, watering less in basin.
In the flat peach phase of step (3) flower forcing process, noon adds a cover shade net, impels scape to extend, flower bud growth.
Method of the present invention, a large amount of culture experiment displays, rudiment in about 10 ~ 15 days after Paeonia papaveracea can be made to enter the room, within about 20 days, bud expands, about the 30 days existing looks of bud, open at the beginning of 35 ~ 40 days, flowering rate 95.5%, the individual plant on average amount of blossoming can reach 5.5, and plant is tall and big, the fragrance of flowers is strong, reaches flower forcing object.
Embodiment
In order to further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, applicant provides following embodiment and incubation.Kind involved below and concrete parameter are only schematic, do not form the present invention and are particularly limited to.
Embodiment 1: with the Spring Festival for spending as main target, using 23 Paeonia papaveracea flower forcing kinds as research object, removes the forcing culture technology of Paeonia papaveracea bud dormancy in the research of Lanzhou, Gansu.
In the present embodiment, have selected current domestic common Cultivar so that implementation process of the present invention to be described.Wherein, Paeonia papaveracea used is following kind: ' with silk ball for no reason ', ' sincerity ', ' desert wind ', ' handsome appearance ', ' slight snow × root of herbaceous peony ', ' slight snow ', ' ideal ', ' the purple cigarette of incense burner ', ' impartial and incorruptible ', ' powder hat ', ' large lobe is white ', ' gorgeous red ', ' sapphire blue ', ' powder wear in one's hair beautiful towel ', ' purple Hai Yinbo ', ' the flames of war rise all around ', ' blue sky flying crane ', color hat silver is emerald green ', ' beautiful three of powder ', ' powder is blue ', ' saussurea involucrata ', ' chrysanthemum powder ' ' purple hat ', 23 selected kind limbs are healthy and strong, sprout is full enriches, flower bud differentiation is complete, well developed root system is without the plant of damage by disease and insect.4 ~ 5 years raw graftings, branch is evenly distributed, and has more than 5 axillary bud branches, 5 poppyhead bud branches at least.23 Cultivars respectively select 18 strains totally 414 strains.
In the present embodiment, regulate and control method adopts following steps to carry out: with above-mentioned 23 groups, often organize 18 strains, totally 414 basin Paeonia papaveraceas are experimental group, adopt the cultivation step that 3 kinds different, as shown in table 1.
Group I:10 basin on lifting when the last ten-days period month, Paeonia papaveracea started to fall leaves, be positioned over low temperature greenhouse (daytime 10 ~ 20 DEG C, night 5 ~ 10 DEG C), every day is light filling 3h at dusk, period sprays 300-800ppm gibberellin 3-4 time, enters high temperature greenhouse (daytime 19 ~ 25 DEG C, night 6 ~ 10 DEG C after 15 days again, humidity 50% ~ 70%, between illumination 18000 ~ 20000lux) cultivate.
Basin on group II:10 lifting in the last ten-days period month, is positioned over Storage in cold bank 20 days, rear immigration low temperature greenhouse, and every day is light filling 3h at dusk, and period sprays gibberellin 3-4 time, enters high temperature greenhouse cultivation again after 15 days.
Basin on lifting in the group III:11 month after the first tenday period of a month Paeonia papaveracea fallen leaves, before frozen soil, simply cold-proof, (now, Lanzhou nocturnal temperature at the beginning of 11 months reaches less than 0 DEG C to be positioned over outdoor, outdoor natural low temperature is utilized to remove Paeonia papaveracea dormancy, mainly in order to reduce experimental cost; Other areas are similar) enter high temperature greenhouse cultivation after 25-30 days.
Often group is participated in the experiment every kind 6 basin, often organizes totally 138 basins, three groups of totally 414 basins.
Table 1 different technologies measure flower forcing Contrast on effect table
Applicant has carefully followed the tracks of the whole process of experiment, and above-mentioned Paeonia papaveracea mid-June---early October completes flower bud differentiation, to basin on lifting before November about 10 days frozen soil after flower bud differentiation completely.It is that comparatively cold district grows kind that the great many of experiments that applicant carries out sums up display due to Paeonia papaveracea, needs 360h could remove Paeonia papaveracea dormancy.Tree peony is long-day plant, enters greenhouse in early days and then needs light filling.
Group I test failure, 138 none strain of basin Paeonia papaveracea are bloomed.
Group II all sprouts, but abortion rate reaches 43%, and Storage in cold bank adds flower forcing cost.
Group III utilizes cryogenic conditions successfully to remove bud dormancy, 23 kind germination rates 100%, flowering rate 95.5%, and abortion rate 0.5% shows the florescence control that florescence control method of the present invention can be widely used in various Paeonia papaveracea.
Embodiment 2: totally 230 basins (every kind 10 basin) are as research object using the raw grafting of 4-5 23 Cultivars, and this flower forcing technique is verified in the forcing culture measure described in application group III further.
The time of lifting, upper basin, the large quantity research display Paeonia papaveracea that applicant carries out required effective accumulated temperature of blooming was about 640 DEG C, therefore 60 ~ 65 days liftings before Target Flowering after October, bud broke up completely.Water in lifting first about 20 days lands for growing field crops, select healthy and strong, that bud is full plant in whole rear, frozen soil lifting the last week of falling leaves on November 10 ~ 15, go up basin (internal diameter is the basin of 35 ~ 50em) immediately with native ball, guarantee that capillary root is complete, prune plant type and retain effective bud.The ripe garden mould of cultivation matrix.Preferred matrix is formed by garden mould 2 parts, 1 part, slag, sawdust 1 part of mixing, is applicable to the growth of Paeonia papaveracea fleshy root.Make root system vertical distribution in flowerpot even during upper basin, fully contact with matrix, to root cutting back thick, hard, long individually.Water permeable after upper basin immediately, be positioned over open-air atmosphere, simple cold-proof heat insulation process (wrapping up in straw screen or mat, plastics plastic film etc. as added) is carried out to flowerpot.
According to the time spending the date to determine breaking dormancy.As required, Spring Festival is bloomed, and the breaking dormancy time need at early and middle ten days in December.Test shows: under nocturnal temperature is down to less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature condition, and restrain the growth of seedlings 35 ~ 40 days, during its low temperature, number reaches more than 360 hours, can fully remove bud dormancy.
Greenhouse of heating was moved into December 10.Temperature should control in day temperature 19 ~ 25 DEG C, night temperature 10 ~ 6 DEG C, illumination is between 18000 ~ 20000lux.Before sprouting, every day sprays water 4 to 6 times on branch, keep bud and branch moistening, promote that tree peony germinates neat.Keep basin soil humidity about 70%.Sprout to the vertical flower bud stage from bud, in order to ensure effective flower forcing, the urea of every basin foliage-spray 0.3% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.After buddingging, only strengthen blade face water spray, water less in basin, in case leaf excessive growth, competition for nutrients, impact flower shape.The Paeonia papaveracea circle peach phase, bud diameter great majority grow to 2.5 to 3 centimetres, and now room temperature controls below 25 DEG C.After flat peach, noon suitably can add a cover shade net, impels scape to extend, and blade becomes large, flower bud growth.
Cultivate as stated above, about 10-15 days rudiment after tree peony enters the room, within about 20 days, bud expands, and about the 30 days existing looks of bud, open at the beginning of 35 ~ 40 days, reach flower forcing object.Different cultivars is grown, flowering time is variant, as table 2.
Table 2 different Cultivar to be bloomed situation the Spring Festival
For examination 23 kind germination rates 100%, flowering rate 95.5%.General performance is good, and the fragrance of flowers is strong, and plant is tall and big, only occurs individual plants abortion.In table, data show to there are differences between kind, number breaking dormancy when small part kind needs the low temperature more grown, as higher in abortion rate sapphire blue and and silk ball two kinds for no reason.
Claims (7)
1. one kind promotes the florescence control method of Paeonia papaveracea Winter blooming, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: 1) plant selects: after the Paeonia papaveracea florescence in spring, divide the florescence to bud, select perennial axillary seedling or grafting, after selected Paeonia papaveracea seedling fallen leaves before frozen soil, basin on lifting, prunes plant type and retains effective bud; 2) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings: Paeonia papaveracea seedling waters after upper basin mid-November, at outdoor less than 0 DEG C natural low temperature environment, places at least 30 days, and reaches minimum effective accumulated temperature 640 DEG C, number 360h when minimum need are cold; 3) outdoor restraining the growth of seedlings terminates rear immigration and heats hot-house culture to blooming, wherein, greenhouse experiment control be: temperature day temperature 19 ~ 25 DEG C, night temperature 10 ~ 6 DEG C, between intensity of illumination 18000 ~ 20000lux, humidity 50% ~ 70%.
2. florescence control method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step (1) described Paeonia papaveracea seedling selects above Paeonia papaveracea axillary seedling or the above Paeonia papaveracea grafting with the robust plant of more than 6 full buds of life in 4 years with the robust plant of more than 4 full buds of life in 3 years.
3. florescence control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (2) low temperature standing time is 35 ~ 40 days.
4. florescence control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the upper basin cultivation matrix used of step (1) forms for by volume garden mould 2 parts, 1 part, slag, sawdust 1 part of mixing.
5. florescence control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (3) flower forcing process starts to buddingging the stage, sprays water 4 to 6 every day to buddingging on branch, keeps basin soil humidity.
6. florescence control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (3) flower forcing process is sprouted to the vertical flower bud stage from bud mid-term, the urea of every basin foliage-spray 0.3% and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
7. florescence control method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the flat peach phase of step (3) flower forcing process, noon adds a cover shade net.
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Cited By (16)
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| CN105075863A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-11-25 | 甘肃农业大学 | Rapid paeonia rockii reproduction method |
| CN105075578A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-11-25 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for producing bulb and controlling florescence by utilizing effective accumulated temperature in tulip growing period |
| CN105210655A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-06 | 泗县润农山芋专业合作社 | A kind of method improving oil use tree peony detoxic seedling transplanting survival rate |
| CN105248155A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-01-20 | 周效文 | Cultivation method of multi-color peony |
| CN105940906A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 施甸县美良园艺有限公司 | Orientation control method for peony blooming period |
| CN106034757A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-10-26 | 王章福 | Linxia Paeonia rockii heating grafting method |
| US10420290B2 (en) * | 2016-02-16 | 2019-09-24 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. | Method for cultivating plants of Asteraceae family |
| CN111213544A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-02 | 菏泽市牡丹区牡丹研究所 | Method for forcing flowers to fall into dormancy in spring festival of peony variety' purple diqiao |
| CN111937663A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-17 | 永靖县刘家峡新兴园艺有限责任公司 | Technical route and method for rapidly cultivating tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree |
| CN111990083A (en) * | 2020-08-29 | 2020-11-27 | 菏泽瑞璞牡丹产业科技发展有限公司 | Method for cultivating paeonia suffruticosa |
| CN111990197A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-27 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Method for solving flowering asynchronism in peony crossbreeding |
| CN112042421A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-08 | 南通大学 | Method for promoting flowering of shrub willow |
| CN112931532A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Efficient litchi out-of-season flower forcing composition |
| CN114467595A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-05-13 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for promoting Yunnan red edible roses to produce flowers in autumn and winter |
| CN114586595A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-07 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Cultivation method for rapidly increasing plant height of peony |
| CN115299309A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-08 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Hemerocallis fulva late flower cultivation treatment method |
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| CN106034757A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-10-26 | 王章福 | Linxia Paeonia rockii heating grafting method |
| CN111213544A (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-02 | 菏泽市牡丹区牡丹研究所 | Method for forcing flowers to fall into dormancy in spring festival of peony variety' purple diqiao |
| CN111990197A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-27 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Method for solving flowering asynchronism in peony crossbreeding |
| CN111937663A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-11-17 | 永靖县刘家峡新兴园艺有限责任公司 | Technical route and method for rapidly cultivating tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree |
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| CN112042421A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2020-12-08 | 南通大学 | Method for promoting flowering of shrub willow |
| CN112042421B (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2022-04-01 | 南通大学 | Method for promoting flowering of shrub willow |
| CN112931532A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-11 | 中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所 | Efficient litchi out-of-season flower forcing composition |
| CN114467595A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-05-13 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for promoting Yunnan red edible roses to produce flowers in autumn and winter |
| CN114467595B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-12-09 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Method for promoting Yunnan red edible roses to produce flowers in autumn and winter |
| CN114586595A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-07 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Cultivation method for rapidly increasing plant height of peony |
| CN114586595B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-03-21 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Cultivation method for rapidly increasing plant height of peony |
| CN115299309A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2022-11-08 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Hemerocallis fulva late flower cultivation treatment method |
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