CN105284326A - Scale cultivation method of bitter gourds - Google Patents
Scale cultivation method of bitter gourds Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284326A CN105284326A CN201410372089.4A CN201410372089A CN105284326A CN 105284326 A CN105284326 A CN 105284326A CN 201410372089 A CN201410372089 A CN 201410372089A CN 105284326 A CN105284326 A CN 105284326A
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Abstract
Provided is a scale cultivation method of bitter gourds, pertaining to the field of agricultural technology. The invention especially relates to a scale cultivation method of bitter gourds which belongs to improved plantation technology of bitter gourds and is suitable for large-scale plantation and promotion. The scale cultivation method of bitter gourds comprises following steps of: (1) selecting seeds for accelerating germination: drying seeds for 1 to 3 hours in the sunlight prior to seed soaking, utilizing wet fine sand to gently wipe wax and soaking seeds with water of about 30 degrees for 8 to 12 hours; (2) selecting land and selecting a land patch with a thick soil layer: preferably selecting sandy loam, clay the second place and sandy soil as the last resort; (3) sowing, culturing in the open and growing seedlings in a greenhouse; (4) performing seedling management, sealing the greenhouse after sowing, inserting a small arch shed in a trench and laminating such that the day temperature is maintained within the range of 30 and 35 DEG C and the night temperature is kept above 15 degrees; (5) performing planting operation: utilizing bitter gourds as crops which prefer warmth and are tolerant to fertilizers and applying sufficient base fertilizers; and (6) performing field management: timely pouring seedling-covering water with soft fire and selecting 2 to 3 thick tendrils from the lower portion, binding tendrils to racks and removing others.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, particularly relate to the implantation methods of balsam pear.
Background technology
Balsam pear has another name called balsam pear, is cucurbitaceous plant, is annual climbing herb.Stem, branch, petiole and bennet have draped over one's shoulders pubescence, the raw tendril of armpit.The diameter of leaf reaches 3 to 12 centimetres, and have 5 to 7 road palmate drastic cracks, sliver ovalize, there is sawtooth outer.At the end of spring and the beginning of summer bloom, monoecism, yellow.Fruit oblong, surface has most irregular strumae.Seed is hidden among Fleshy fruits, has red capsule to wrap up in time ripe.Balsam pear is a kind of vegetables that people like, original producton location China.In Southeast Asia, China and archipelago, the Caribbean all have and plant widely.Balsam pear extracts flavonoid substances and is combined with mulberry-leaf extract DNJ that to form a kind of novel substance-wash pancreas sugared clearly plain, has the effects such as hypoglycemic, blood fat, anti-inflammatory.
In every 100 grams of balsam pears, moisture accounts for 94%, containing 1 gram, protein, 3.7 grams, carbohydrate, can provide the heat of 71.2 kilojoules.Balsam pear contains a kind of material with antioxidation, and this material can strengthen capillary, stimulates circulation, and prevention of arterial hardens.Balsam pear also has effect of clearing away summerheat, subdhing swelling and detoxicating.
[3]
Balsam pear edible portion 81%, energy content 79kJ in every 100g, moisture 93.48g; protein 1g, fatty 0.1g, dietary fiber 1.4g; carbohydrate 3.5g, ash content 0.6g, carotin 100 μ g, retinol 17 μ g, thiamine 0.03mg, vitamin b3 0.03mg, niacin 0.4mg; Vitamin C 56mg, vitamin E 0.85mg; Potassium 256mg, sodium 2.5mg, calcium 14mg, magnesium 18mg, iron 0.7mg, manganese 0.16mg, zinc 0.36mg, copper 0.06mg, phosphorus 35mg, selenium 0.36 μ g.Still containing the Charantin etc. reducing blood sugar effect.
Visible balsam pear is a kind of nutritious food materials, and has hypoglycemic, the effect such as blood fat, anti-inflammatory.But the implantation methods of balsam pear also existing defects, cannot implant mass, popularization.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is exactly for the problems referred to above, provides a kind of perfect balsam pear planting technology, is applicable to implant mass and popularization.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme.
A kind of balsam pear large-scale planting method, comprises the following steps.
(1) seed selection vernalization, seed of bitter gourd seed coat is hard, and kind shell is thick, and there is wax on surface, and germination is slow and difficult; Therefore after basking seeds 1-3 hour under being preferably placed on sunshine before seed soaking, seed coat wax is dabbed with wet fine sand, after with water seed soaking 8-12 hour of about 30 degree, pick up clean, clean epidermis moisture content, with totally binding up with gauze, be placed in 25-30 degree environment and be incubated vernalization, every day cleans once with warm water sooner or later, wraps continuation vernalization after drying, and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to most of seed; Then with 800 times 50% carbendazol wettable powder liquid seed dressing after, the seed tip of a root is planted downwards in Seedling bag soil, with seed overhead 0.5 centimetre be advisable.
(2) selection of land, whole, basal dressing, the plot that selection of land selects soil layer deep, sandy loam is best, and clay takes second place, and sandy soil are the poorest.
(3) sow, outdoor cropping, can first nurse young plants in hothouses.Get the field soil, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and the argol that had no guts melon to mix by 1:2:1.5:0.5, every cubic metre adds diammonium phosphate 500 grams and sieves to mix and be evenly made into Nutrition Soil.Nutrition Soil loads in the nutritive cube 1 of 10 cm x 10 centimetres the previous day by sowing, waters permeable; Within second day, with water, Nutrition Soil is sprayed one time again, spread skim and sieve after fine earth and sow.Seed covers the hill that 1.5 cm are thick.And then all over spreading one deck fine earth.Beijing area is generally being sowed at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, seedling age 30 ~ 35 days.Field planting open country after the first tenday period of a month in May latest frost.
(4) seedling management, after planting sealing greenhouse.Furrow interpolation Small plastic shed, overlay film, makes day temperature remain on 30 ~ 35 DEG C, night more than 15 DEG C.Emerge after 50%, remove Small plastic shed film in time, and add a cover the fine earth that sieves of 0.5 centimetre, with healed fracture, keep native humidity.Leak informaton noon cooling, night is again by canopy membrane cover.After seedling all sprouts, day temperature remains on 20 ~ 25 DEG C, night about 10 DEG C.See dry watering, temperature control does not control water, keeps seedling robust growth.Reduce temperature of shed gradually later, a few days ago canopy film is all raised hardening to field planting.
(5) field planting, balsam pear is happiness Wen Naifei crop, need use sufficient base fertilizer.Execute high-quality fertilizer 5000 kilograms, diammonium phosphate 30 kilograms, first make flat furrow and water for every mu, after soil is slightly dry and soft, then make furrow face width 80 ~ 90 centimetres, the little high furrow of high 10 ~ 15 centimetres, within before field planting 5 ~ 7 days, spread mulch film.Every furrow two row, spacing in the rows 60 centimetres, routing field planting.Dig pit too not dark, be not a little advisable can slightly keep off after field planting.Because balsam pear growing way is very strong, after field planting, man-like shelf to be inserted in time.Every mu of field planting 1300 ~ 1600 strain, sowing quantity 250 ~ 300 grams.
(6) field management, timely little fiery pour seedling recovering water after slow seedling, intertills for several days afterwards deeply.Because plant divides principal stresses strong, select from bottom 2 ~ 3 thick climing, tie up climing added, all the other are all destroyed.Generally do not rewater during this period, when first melon is all sat and started to expand, water and chase after 10 ~ 15 kilograms, urea or carbon ammonium 20 ~ 25 kilograms with water.
As a kind of preferred version, Post flowering 12-15 days is Harvesting Date, and gathering should not be excessively late, in order to avoid affect quality.
Beneficial effect of the present invention.
The present invention utilizes the spacing on each ridge, balsam pear is more easily grown, balsam pear starts more easily to unfold when climbing melon canopy support, between each branch rattan leaf, Duplication is lower, suppress the factor of balsam pear growth to reduce, between branches and leaves, Duplication is few, also makes the damage by disease and insect of balsam pear reduce simultaneously, butterfly, honeybee pollination rate are larger, thus promote balsam pear volume increase; Further, on melon canopy support, balsam pear Zhi Teng branch density reduces, and wind resistance is larger, and balsam pear will extend harvest time.
Embodiment
A kind of balsam pear large-scale planting of the present invention method, comprises the following steps.
(1) seed selection vernalization, seed of bitter gourd seed coat is hard, and kind shell is thick, and there is wax on surface, and germination is slow and difficult; Therefore after basking seeds 1-3 hour under being preferably placed on sunshine before seed soaking, seed coat wax is dabbed with wet fine sand, after with water seed soaking 8-12 hour of about 30 degree, pick up clean, clean epidermis moisture content, with totally binding up with gauze, be placed in 25-30 degree environment and be incubated vernalization, every day cleans once with warm water sooner or later, wraps continuation vernalization after drying, and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to most of seed; Then with 800 times 50% carbendazol wettable powder liquid seed dressing after, the seed tip of a root is planted downwards in Seedling bag soil, with seed overhead 0.5 centimetre be advisable.
(2) selection of land, whole, basal dressing, the plot that selection of land selects soil layer deep, sandy loam is best, and clay takes second place, and sandy soil are the poorest.
(3) sow, outdoor cropping, can first nurse young plants in hothouses.Get the field soil, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and the argol that had no guts melon to mix by 1:2:1.5:0.5, every cubic metre adds diammonium phosphate 500 grams and sieves to mix and be evenly made into Nutrition Soil.Nutrition Soil loads in the nutritive cube 1 of 10 cm x 10 centimetres the previous day by sowing, waters permeable; Within second day, with water, Nutrition Soil is sprayed one time again, spread skim and sieve after fine earth and sow.Seed covers the hill that 1.5 cm are thick.And then all over spreading one deck fine earth.Beijing area is generally being sowed at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, seedling age 30 ~ 35 days.Field planting open country after the first tenday period of a month in May latest frost.
(4) seedling management, after planting sealing greenhouse.Furrow interpolation Small plastic shed, overlay film, makes day temperature remain on 30 ~ 35 DEG C, night more than 15 DEG C.Emerge after 50%, remove Small plastic shed film in time, and add a cover the fine earth that sieves of 0.5 centimetre, with healed fracture, keep native humidity.Leak informaton noon cooling, night is again by canopy membrane cover.After seedling all sprouts, day temperature remains on 20 ~ 25 DEG C, night about 10 DEG C.See dry watering, temperature control does not control water, keeps seedling robust growth.Reduce temperature of shed gradually later, a few days ago canopy film is all raised hardening to field planting.
(5) field planting, balsam pear is happiness Wen Naifei crop, need use sufficient base fertilizer.Execute high-quality fertilizer 5000 kilograms, diammonium phosphate 30 kilograms, first make flat furrow and water for every mu, after soil is slightly dry and soft, then make furrow face width 80 ~ 90 centimetres, the little high furrow of high 10 ~ 15 centimetres, within before field planting 5 ~ 7 days, spread mulch film.Every furrow two row, spacing in the rows 60 centimetres, routing field planting.Dig pit too not dark, be not a little advisable can slightly keep off after field planting.Because balsam pear growing way is very strong, after field planting, man-like shelf to be inserted in time.Every mu of field planting 1300 ~ 1600 strain, sowing quantity 250 ~ 300 grams.
(6) field management, timely little fiery pour seedling recovering water after slow seedling, intertills for several days afterwards deeply.Because plant divides principal stresses strong, select from bottom 2 ~ 3 thick climing, tie up climing added, all the other are all destroyed.Generally do not rewater during this period, when first melon is all sat and started to expand, water and chase after 10 ~ 15 kilograms, urea or carbon ammonium 20 ~ 25 kilograms with water.
As a kind of preferred version, Post flowering 12-15 days is Harvesting Date, and gathering should not be excessively late, in order to avoid affect quality.
Claims (2)
1. a balsam pear large-scale planting method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps;
(1) seed selection vernalization, seed of bitter gourd seed coat is hard, and kind shell is thick, and there is wax on surface, and germination is slow and difficult; Therefore after basking seeds 1-3 hour under being preferably placed on sunshine before seed soaking, seed coat wax is dabbed with wet fine sand, after with water seed soaking 8-12 hour of about 30 degree, pick up clean, clean epidermis moisture content, with totally binding up with gauze, be placed in 25-30 degree environment and be incubated vernalization, every day cleans once with warm water sooner or later, wraps continuation vernalization after drying, and shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally to most of seed; Then with 800 times 50% carbendazol wettable powder liquid seed dressing after, the seed tip of a root is planted downwards in Seedling bag soil, with seed overhead 0.5 centimetre be advisable;
(2) selection of land, whole, basal dressing, the plot that selection of land selects soil layer deep, sandy loam is best, and clay takes second place, and sandy soil are the poorest;
(3) sow, outdoor cropping, can first nurse young plants in hothouses; Get the field soil, the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and the argol that had no guts melon to mix by 1:2:1.5:0.5, every cubic metre adds diammonium phosphate 500 grams and sieves to mix and be evenly made into Nutrition Soil; Nutrition Soil loads in the nutritive cube 1 of 10 cm x 10 centimetres the previous day by sowing, waters permeable; Within second day, with water, Nutrition Soil is sprayed one time again, spread skim and sieve after fine earth and sow; Seed covers the hill that 1.5 cm are thick; And then all over spreading one deck fine earth; Beijing area is generally being sowed at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March, seedling age 30 ~ 35 days; Field planting open country after the first tenday period of a month in May latest frost;
(4) seedling management, after planting sealing greenhouse; Furrow interpolation Small plastic shed, overlay film, makes day temperature remain on 30 ~ 35 DEG C, night more than 15 DEG C; Emerge after 50%, remove Small plastic shed film in time, and add a cover the fine earth that sieves of 0.5 centimetre, with healed fracture, keep native humidity; Leak informaton noon cooling, night is again by canopy membrane cover; After seedling all sprouts, day temperature remains on 20 ~ 25 DEG C, night about 10 DEG C; See dry watering, temperature control does not control water, keeps seedling robust growth; Reduce temperature of shed gradually later, a few days ago canopy film is all raised hardening to field planting;
(5) field planting, balsam pear is happiness Wen Naifei crop, need use sufficient base fertilizer; Execute high-quality fertilizer 5000 kilograms, diammonium phosphate 30 kilograms, first make flat furrow and water for every mu, after soil is slightly dry and soft, then make furrow face width 80 ~ 90 centimetres, the little high furrow of high 10 ~ 15 centimetres, within before field planting 5 ~ 7 days, spread mulch film; Every furrow two row, spacing in the rows 60 centimetres, routing field planting; Dig pit too not dark, be not a little advisable can slightly keep off after field planting; Because balsam pear growing way is very strong, after field planting, man-like shelf to be inserted in time; Every mu of field planting 1300 ~ 1600 strain, sowing quantity 250 ~ 300 grams;
(6) field management, timely little fiery pour seedling recovering water after slow seedling, intertills for several days afterwards deeply; Because plant divides principal stresses strong, select from bottom 2 ~ 3 thick climing, tie up climing added, all the other are all destroyed; Generally do not rewater during this period, when first melon is all sat and started to expand, water and chase after 10 ~ 15 kilograms, urea or carbon ammonium 20 ~ 25 kilograms with water.
2. a kind of balsam pear large-scale planting method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: Post flowering 12-15 days is Harvesting Date, gathering should not be excessively late, in order to avoid affect quality.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410372089.4A CN105284326A (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | Scale cultivation method of bitter gourds |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410372089.4A CN105284326A (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | Scale cultivation method of bitter gourds |
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| CN105284326A true CN105284326A (en) | 2016-02-03 |
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| CN201410372089.4A Pending CN105284326A (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | Scale cultivation method of bitter gourds |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069012A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-09 | 广西南宁诺尔网络通讯技术有限公司 | A kind of artificial method for planting of selenium-rich Fructus Momordicae charantiae |
| CN106358714A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 柳州市绿州种植专业合作社 | Planting method of pollution-free bitter gourd |
| CN106472076A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 广西大学 | A kind of booth balsam pear implantation methods |
| CN106717789A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 开县徐友农业开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of balsam pear |
-
2014
- 2014-07-31 CN CN201410372089.4A patent/CN105284326A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069012A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-11-09 | 广西南宁诺尔网络通讯技术有限公司 | A kind of artificial method for planting of selenium-rich Fructus Momordicae charantiae |
| CN106358714A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 柳州市绿州种植专业合作社 | Planting method of pollution-free bitter gourd |
| CN106472076A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 广西大学 | A kind of booth balsam pear implantation methods |
| CN106717789A (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-05-31 | 开县徐友农业开发有限公司 | The implantation methods of balsam pear |
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Application publication date: 20160203 |