CN104770178A - Cuttage seedling culture method for root tuber early-growing of tetrastigma hemsleyanum - Google Patents
Cuttage seedling culture method for root tuber early-growing of tetrastigma hemsleyanum Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cuttage seedling culture method for root tuber early-growing of tetrastigma hemsleyanum. The method comprises the six steps: (1) selecting a local high-quality tetrastigma hemsleyanum variety; (2) determining a cuttage period; (3) collecting and treating cutting slips; (4) carrying out soil preparation and cuttage; (5) building a greenhouse and controlling light; (6) carrying out seedling stage management, which comprises the six substeps of watering, carrying out foliage application, weeding, carrying out new vine length fixing, carrying out pre-transplanting training and carrying out timely transplanting. After seedlings are cultured for 5-6 months by using the method, during transplanting, the ratio of the seedlings, of which the roots grow root tubers, reaches up to 75%, and the ratio of the seedlings with the root tubers is greatly increased; after the seedlings are cultured for 3-5 years, during harvesting, the root tubers are large and numerous, so that the grade and yield of the medicinal material are increased, tetrastigma hemsleyanum, namely a valuable medicinal material, of which wild collection is increasingly scarce can be effectively supplemented, a new technical scheme is provided for a newly-domesticated tetrastigma hemsleyanum seedling culture technology, and thus, the method has certain social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of medicinal plant, be specifically conducive to the radix tetrastigme cuttage and seedling culture method of early caking root.
Background technology
Radix tetrastigme, popular name hangs Jin Zhong, the flat rattan of three leaves, stone mouse, little flat rattan, stone monkey, soil through ball, three leaf equities also known as gold thread hoist, silk thread, formal name used at school tetratigma hemsleyanum (Tetrastigrna hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg), for Vitaceae Tetrastigma herbaceous perennial vine plant, herb all has medical value, especially best with underground block root (be used as medicine and be called hemsley rockvine root) medicinal effects, many using fresh herbs or dry.
The medical value of radix tetrastigme sees Compendium of Material Medica the earliest: " tetratigma hemsleyanum, cool in nature, bitter, pungent, clearing heat and detoxicating, promoting blood circulation by removing wind "; " health food inspection and assessment technical specification " (2003 editions) " food safety evaluation on toxicology test " is recorded: " radix tetrastigme is nontoxic, without mutagenicity ".Take orally and can treat children with high fever induced convulsions, dysentery, bronchitis, pneumonia, sphagitis, hepatitis and viral meningitis, external application can treat venomous snake bite, tonsillitis, cellulitis, traumatic injury.Modern medicine study shows, radix tetrastigme all has obvious curative effects for serious infections such as high heat, pneumonia, hepatitis, gastritis, cervicitis, scrofula, septicemia, because it has antineoplastic biologically active and without toxicity, side effect is little by extensive concern.Pharmacological research shows in recent years, and radix tetrastigme is anticancer mainly through three kinds of approach: 1, reach inhibition tumor cell propagation by Apoptosis; 2, antitumor action is reached by improving immunocompetence; 3, antitumor action is reached by anti-oxidant.The extract of radix tetrastigme has stronger inhibitory action to human liver cancer cell HepG2, strengthen immunologic function (Ding Gangqiang simultaneously, Zheng Junxian, Wei Kemin, Pu brocade is precious. and the external toxic action of Lemna paucicostata to hepatocellular carcinoma H22 and primary rat hepatocyte studies [J]. Zhejiang preventive medicine, 2005,17 (9): 1 – 5.; Ding Gangqiang, Xu Caiju, Meng Jia, Wei Kemin, Pu brocade is precious, Fu Jianyun, Zheng Junxian, Lou Xiaoming, Zhang Ronghua. radix tetrastigme is to mouse cytokine and Immune Function research [J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2008,18 (9): 1724-1726.); Its active ingredient is flavones, cupreol and polysaccharide etc.Just because of this, radix tetrastigme is known as Western medicine irreplaceable " bouvardin ", and has entered Zhejiang Province's medical insurance, becomes the cancer therapy drug that various big hospital is approved.
At present, market is increasing to radix tetrastigme demand, and wild the excavating of simple dependence cannot satisfy the demands far away, causes radix tetrastigme to hold at high price, and rising range is comparatively large in recent years, and has trend soaring further.Radix tetrastigme updating ability under natural environment is poor, accompanying plant structure of community is complicated, in recent years along with wild resource suffers artificial destruction more and more serious, its wild distribution is also more and more narrower, resource reserves sharply reduce, as collected its resource, preserve and breed not in time, likely cause extinction.Along with the demand of radix tetrastigme constantly increases, artificial cultivation, domestication and Vitro Quick Reproduction become focus in recent years, to solve the problem of wild resource deficiency.So far study through many people, try to achieve common recognition, the radix tetrastigme 3-5 of cultivation domestication can gather its block root, and active constituent content and wild no significant difference.The research of radix tetrastigme tissue-culturing rapid propagation is a lot of, and the research of cuttage and seedling culture and artificial cultivation aspect is not enough, only has experience that is fragmentary, that not yet form system to report, necessary in this technology treasure-house recently just raised, and increases new experience, is formed into cooking technique system.
CN102119625A discloses " artificial culturing method of a kind of radix tetrastigme ", by some comparative trials, proposes a set of cultivation method.CN104255218A and CN104186141A discloses the pocket type cultivation method of the bionical interplanting radix tetrastigme in forest land, separately the domestication culture techniques of radix tetrastigme is contributed, the appearance on so far there are no radix tetrastigme cuttage many cakings in seedling stage root, the report promoting the effective method in high yield aspect and model ground.
In sum, it is very large for breeding at radix tetrastigme resource investigation and cultivation the blank existed in research, also a lot of problems demand is had to solve in production, comparatively outstanding: domestication plants in radix tetrastigme process, a lot of apogamic seedling does not form the organ that is mainly used as medicine---underground block root, be commonly called as " not balling ", or underground block root " balling " amount seldom, growing way is slow, yield poorly, this is the general difficult problem that grower faces, if not " balling ", output and benefit are all subject to extreme influence, cannot meet market and medicinal demand.In recent years initial to the artificial cultivation of this Wild Medicinal of radix tetrastigme, its thing of each row of actor, there are no the report of complete, effective cuttage and the experience of cultivation.For the problems referred to above, present inventor is through the cuttage and seedling culture practice more than 5 years, start with from aspects such as the regulation and control of the preparation of the selection of the local breeding of radix tetrastigme, the choosing of cuttings, cutting medium, light and water, set up the cuttage technique that a whole set of radix tetrastigme early ties underground block root, to make the radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding of transplant planting caking root rate up to more than 75%, more desirably solve the agricultural technology problem of radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding not " balling ".
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the cuttage and seedling culture method of a kind of radix tetrastigme caking morning root.
Solve this technical problem and adopt following technical scheme:
This radix tetrastigme early caking root cuttage and seedling culture method carries out as follows:
(1) selection of the local breeding of radix tetrastigme: the local breeding branches and tendrils that in the wild radix tetrastigme selecting Zhejiang area to grow, block root quality better, fast growth, caking root are greatly and early, leaf is large and thick make cuttings;
(2) determination in cuttage period: first Zhejiang area selects that the spring tip is aging, autumn growth is just pending solar calendar mid-August to the last ten-days period in September, or adopts fringe cuttage to the last ten-days period in March at the solar calendar do not sent out shortly past, the spring tip severe winter at the end of two months;
(3) acquisition and processing of cuttings: in collection cuttings the last week, first add with 2000ppm paclobutrazol the radix tetrastigme plant that adequate nutrition element sprays cuttings to be cut, healthy and strong substantial branch is selected when adopting fringe, abandon sick branch, water sprout and thin and delicate branch, every 2-3 leaf bud is truncated into one section of cuttings, what blade was large and thick selects 2 buds, otherwise selects 3 buds;
(4) wholelyly and cuttage: select sandy loam to make nursery lot, in case of clay need mix 1/3 river sand or the transformation of coconut palm chaff, seedling ground bedding, the high 15 ± 1cm of furrow, wide 1.1 ± 0.1m, the scorched clay dust of furrow face paving 2-3cm or ash; Cuttage should be shallow unsuitable dark, buries and be advisable, the seeding row spacing 8 × 8cm of cuttage, the strain of every mu of cuttage seeding 9 ± 10,000 with cuttings foot leaf bud; After cuttage, first time waters and will irrigate, and after watering, 5 ± 1h root-growing agent and carbendazim evenly spray one time;
(5) scaffolding and control light: be anti-overcast and rainy and solar exposure continuously, plastic film canopy and shading shed need be taken, 20d after cuttage is for managing early stage, require obscurity 90% ± 1%, after this 40d is for managing mid-term, shading rate is 75% ± 5%, and afterwards three, four months is the management later stage, and shading rate is 65% ± 1%;
(6) seedling management:
A. water: the front 20d after cuttage, spray a water every day, also can carry out in conjunction with foliage spray, keep humidity 85% ± 5%, mid-term is watered a water every 3-4d in management, keep humidity 70% ± 1%, the management later stage does not substantially water after new root grows to 5cm length, throws off plastic foil, if continuous fine more than 10d daytime simultaneously, then water a water, control water is at this moment one of key element of early caking root;
B. foliage spray: based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is equipped with fulvic acid, and 3-5d sprays a foliage fertilizer, and sprays altogether every once adding rooting promoter;
C. in time uprooting weed: to pull out by hand, can not hoe up weeds or with weed killer herbicide;
D. newly climing fixed length: retain the long 10-15cm of seedling, cut off or pluck unnecessary climing section or terminal bud, prevent from growing water sprout;
E. front exercise is transplanted: the radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding of seedling ground in plastic tunnel is before transplanting, and open the door and progressively take limit film apart, suitably ventilating, lowering the temperature and control water, humid control, 55% ± 5%, is beneficial to acceleration and goes back seedling;
F. transplant: after cuttage and seedling culture 5-6 month, when temperature is stabilized in the period of 10-15 DEG C, radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding can be transplanted in good time; Before moving to the land for growing field crops of taking shading shed, first wholelyly, bedding, cave or furrow planting seedling is dug according to the distance between rows and hills of 10 × 15cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by this cuttage and seedling culture method, after branch cutting 5-6 month, the radix tetrastigme seedling of blade plumpness, robust plant can be cultivated, and the seedling strain ratio having block root can be made up to more than 75%, substantially solve a difficult problem for cuttage seeding " not balling ", such transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops is cultivated, and obtains bulk root and multiple pieces of roots when being conducive to results, improve medicinal piece of root grade, and add beet yield.
Specific embodiments
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment:
The cuttage and seedling culture method of this radix tetrastigme caking morning root carries out as follows:
(1) selection of the local breeding of radix tetrastigme: the local breeding branches and tendrils that in the wild radix tetrastigme selecting Zhejiang area to grow, block root quality better, fast growth, caking root are greatly and early, leaf is large and thick make cuttings; It is consider that the practice area of the applicant is in Zhejiang that growth is made local breeding in the wild radix tetrastigme screening in Zhejiang, the experience introduced also is most suitable for applying in Zhejiang, the female parent adopted only has the wild strain in Zhejiang the strongest in local adaptability, and what other was economized should implement;
(2) determination in cuttage period: first Zhejiang area selects the solar calendar that the spring tip is aging, autumn growth not yet germinates to adopt fringe cuttage to the last ten-days period in September mid-August, this is because in summer high temperature resting stage, though radix tetrastigme plant stops nourishing and growing, but photosynthesis does not but stop, photosynthetic product is constantly accumulated in branch, cuttings nutrient sufficient quality is high, survival rate and caking root rate all higher; The solar calendar do not sent out shortly past, the spring tip in severe winter maybe can be selected to adopt fringe cuttage to the last ten-days period in March at the end of two months, and the nutrition of now accumulating last year remains, and cuttings quality takes second place, and caking root rate is lower than cuttage seeding in first autumn;
(3) acquisition and processing of cuttings: in collection cuttings the last week, first add with 2000ppm paclobutrazol the radix tetrastigme plant that adequate nutrition element sprays cuttings to be cut, increase shoot vegetative and accumulate, and promote sprouting of lateral bud; Select healthy and strong substantial branch when adopting fringe, abandon sick branch, water sprout and thin and delicate branch, every 2-3 leaf bud is truncated into one section of cuttings, and the branch that blade is large and thick selects 2 buds, otherwise selects 3 buds; In case of fine day is dry during cuttage, suitably can wipe out half by often opening blade, preventing moisture from evaporating and too fastly causing the dehydration of cuttage branch withered;
(4) wholelyly and cuttage: select sandy loam to make nursery lot, in case of clay need mix 1/3 river sand or the transformation of coconut palm chaff, seedling ground bedding, high 15 ± the 1cm of furrow, wide 1.1 ± 0.1m, the scorched clay dust of furrow face paving 2-3cm or ash, both ventilative water conservation, promotes again to form underground block root; Cuttage should be shallow unsuitable dark, and bury with cuttings foot leaf bud and be advisable, namely new root is sprouted from bud joint; Seeding row spacing 8 × the 8cm of cuttage, the strain of every mu of cuttage seeding 9 ± 10,000; After cuttage, first time waters and will irrigate, and after watering, 5 ± 1h root-growing agent and carbendazim evenly spray one time, plays the effect of hestening rooting and pre-disease prevention;
(5) scaffolding and control light: be anti-overcast and rainy and solar exposure continuously, plastic film canopy and shading shed need be taken, 20d after cuttage is for managing early stage, require obscurity 90% ± 1%, at this moment the suppression of some materials onto cells growth in plant body can be removed or reduce to dark situation, promotes the generation of calli induction and root tissue; After this 40d is for managing mid-term, and shading rate is 75% ± 5%, and illumination is at this moment conducive to exhibition leaf and carries out photosynthesis manufacturing nutrient, and the somatotropin produced contributes to the growth of root; Afterwards three, four months is the management later stage, and shading rate is 65% ± 1%, and comparatively intense light irradiation at this moment can suppress plant excessive growth, improves soil temperature, promotes early knot and the root that lumps more; The ventilation of Various Seasonal to be noted simultaneously and regulate the problems such as temperature, especially noting the seedling of cuttage in February to March, in booth, getting over ventilation and the cooling problem in summer;
(6) final-period management:
A. water: the front 20d after cuttage, spray a water every day, also can spray water in conjunction with foliage spray, keep humidity 85% ± 5%, hide plastic film simultaneously, prevent cutting moisture loss too much wither and promote that young root is formed; Mid-term is watered a water every 3-4d in management, keeps humidity 70% ± 1%, opens plastic film in good time, aeration-cooling, in order to the growth of root system; In the management later stage, substantially do not water, throw off plastic film daytime simultaneously, if continuous fine more than 10d, water a water after new root is long to 5cm, control water is at this moment one of key element of early caking root;
B. foliage spray: based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is equipped with fulvic acid, and 3-5d spray once as foliage fertilizer, and is sprayed altogether every once adding rooting promoter, has additional nutrients and promotes that block root morphology builds up, being conducive to photosynthetic product simultaneously and transporting downwards;
C. uprooting weed in time: require manual weeding out the rank grass, can not hoe up weeds or use weed killer herbicide, note the root system not affecting or take out of radix tetrastigme in the process of uprooting weed, to avoid root system injured unfavorable " balling ";
D. newly climing fixed length: as the long 10-15cm of seedling, cuts off or plucks unnecessary climing section or terminal bud, prevent from growing water sprout, suppress the nutrient consumption of radix tetrastigme acrial part, make nutrient transport to subterranean organ and accumulate, promote that underground block root expands rapidly, reach the object of early caking root;
E. take exercise before transplanting: radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding, before transplanting, suitably will be ventilated, lowers the temperature and control water, especially the radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding of seedling ground in plastic tunnel is before transplanting, and open the door and progressively take limit film apart, humidity should control 55% ± 5%; To ventilate and cooling can make growth of cuttage seedlings speed slow down, in root, stem, leaf, accumulate photosynthetic product in a large number, make that cauline leaf epidermis thickens, fibr tissue increases; Control water increases cell sap hydrophilic colloid, and free water reduces relatively, increases resistance; By above measure, the root regeneration growth when transplanting of radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding can being made very fast, being beneficial to acceleration and going back seedling;
F. transplant: when temperature is stabilized in about 10-15 DEG C, radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding can be transplanted in good time; The land for growing field crops to taking shading shed can being transplanted, ahead of time wholelyly, bedding, digging cave or ditch according to the distance between rows and hills of 10 × 15cm, then planting seedling; Also can transplant in the Potted-plant containers such as control root container, non-woven bag or nutritive cube, prepare cultivation matrix in advance; Cuttage seeding is tried one's best balled transplanting, and general how upright or tilt to plant seedling, must keep terminal bud upwards, thickness of earth-fill cover is not to expose or to bury part as well just over former; Root system is wanted naturally to stretch, not curling; Earthing wants thin, and wants compacting, and root system and soil are combined closely; Normal root water should be irrigated immediately after field planting, to eliminate the space of rhizosphere, increase the water supply effect of soil capillary.
In the last ten-days period in March before present patent application, inventor transplants radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding 237 strain altogether, and wherein have totally 182 strains of block root, " balling " rate (refers to table 1) more than 75%.
Table 1 radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding is caking root statistical form early
By above data being predictable, the radix tetrastigme seedling having block root obtained by this method cuttage, is transplanted block root behind land for growing field crops and expands rapidly, block root amount many and individual high yield prospect greatly when imply that following results.
Claims (1)
1. a cuttage and seedling culture method for radix tetrastigme caking morning root, is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) selection of the local breeding of radix tetrastigme: the local breeding branches and tendrils that in the wild radix tetrastigme selecting Zhejiang area to grow, block root quality better, fast growth, caking root are greatly and early, leaf is large and thick make cuttings;
(2) determination in cuttage period: first Zhejiang area selects that the spring tip is aging, autumn growth is just pending solar calendar mid-August to the last ten-days period in September, or adopts fringe cuttage to the last ten-days period in March at the solar calendar do not sent out shortly past, the spring tip severe winter at the end of two months;
(3) acquisition and processing of cuttings: in collection cuttings the last week, first add with 2000 ppm paclobutrazols the radix tetrastigme plant that adequate nutrition element sprays cuttings to be cut, healthy and strong substantial branch is selected when adopting fringe, abandon sick branch, water sprout and thin and delicate branch, every 2-3 leaf bud is truncated into one section of cuttings, what blade was large and thick selects 2 buds, otherwise selects 3 buds;
(4) wholelyly and cuttage: select sandy loam to make nursery lot, in case of clay need mix 1/3 river sand or the transformation of coconut palm chaff, seedling ground bedding, high 15 ± 1 cm of furrow, wide 1.1 ± 0.1 m, the scorched clay dust of furrow face paving 2-3 cm or ash; Cuttage should be shallow unsuitable dark, buries and be advisable, seeding row spacing 8 × 8 cm of cuttage, the strain of every mu of cuttage seeding 9 ± 10,000 with cuttings foot leaf bud; After cuttage, first time waters and will irrigate, and after watering, 5 ± 1 h root-growing agents and carbendazim evenly spray one time;
(5) scaffolding and control light: be anti-overcast and rainy and solar exposure continuously, plastic film canopy and shading shed need be taken, 20 d after cuttage are for managing early stage, require obscurity 90% ± 1%, after this 40 d are for managing mid-term, shading rate is 75% ± 5%, and afterwards three, four months is the management later stage, and shading rate is 65% ± 1%;
(6) seedling management:
A. water: front 20 d after cuttage, spray a water every day, also can carry out in conjunction with foliage spray, keep humidity 85% ± 5%, mid-term is watered a water every 3-4 d in management, keep humidity 70% ± 1%, the management later stage when new root grow to 5 cm long after substantially do not water, while daytime throw off plastic foil, if fine 10 more than d continuously, then water a water, control water is at this moment one of key element of early caking root;
B. foliage spray: based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is equipped with fulvic acid, and 3-5 d sprays a foliage fertilizer, and sprays altogether every once adding rooting promoter;
C. in time uprooting weed: to pull out by hand, can not hoe up weeds or with weed killer herbicide;
D. newly climing fixed length: retain the long 10-15 cm of seedling, cut off or pluck unnecessary climing section or terminal bud, prevent from growing water sprout;
E. front exercise is transplanted: the radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding of seedling ground in plastic tunnel is before transplanting, and open the door and progressively take limit film apart, suitably ventilating, lowering the temperature and control water, humid control, 55% ± 5%, is beneficial to acceleration and goes back seedling;
F. transplant: after cuttage and seedling culture 5-6 month, when temperature is stabilized in the period of 10-15 DEG C, radix tetrastigme cuttage seeding can be transplanted in good time; Before moving to the land for growing field crops of taking shading shed, first wholelyly, bedding, cave or furrow planting seedling is dug according to the distance between rows and hills of 10 × 15 cm.
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| CN112273167A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-01-29 | 贵州百聚隆康中药材种植有限公司 | Bag type cultivation method for bionic interplanting of radix tetrastigme in fruit forest land |
| CN114467524A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-05-13 | 朱建国 | Root tuber hastening method for tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg |
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