CN104770178B - Cuttage seedling culture method for root tuber early-growing of tetrastigma hemsleyanum - Google Patents

Cuttage seedling culture method for root tuber early-growing of tetrastigma hemsleyanum Download PDF

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CN104770178B
CN104770178B CN201510184827.7A CN201510184827A CN104770178B CN 104770178 B CN104770178 B CN 104770178B CN 201510184827 A CN201510184827 A CN 201510184827A CN 104770178 B CN104770178 B CN 104770178B
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cuttage
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白岩
冯常柳
冯潇潇
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Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Abstract

The invention relates to a cuttage seedling culture method for root tuber early-growing of tetrastigma hemsleyanum. The method comprises the six steps: (1) selecting a local high-quality tetrastigma hemsleyanum variety; (2) determining a cuttage period; (3) collecting and treating cutting slips; (4) carrying out soil preparation and cuttage; (5) building a greenhouse and controlling light; (6) carrying out seedling stage management, which comprises the six substeps of watering, carrying out foliage application, weeding, carrying out new vine length fixing, carrying out pre-transplanting training and carrying out timely transplanting. After seedlings are cultured for 5-6 months by using the method, during transplanting, the ratio of the seedlings, of which the roots grow root tubers, reaches up to 75%, and the ratio of the seedlings with the root tubers is greatly increased; after the seedlings are cultured for 3-5 years, during harvesting, the root tubers are large and numerous, so that the grade and yield of the medicinal material are increased, tetrastigma hemsleyanum, namely a valuable medicinal material, of which wild collection is increasingly scarce can be effectively supplemented, a new technical scheme is provided for a newly-domesticated tetrastigma hemsleyanum seedling culture technology, and thus, the method has certain social and economic benefits.

Description

The cuttage and seedling culture method of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) early caking root
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a kind of medicinal plants, be specifically conducive to the Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cuttage and seedling culture method of early caking root.
Background technology
Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), popular name hangs Jin Zhong, SANYE Caulis et Radix Tetrastigmatis Planicaulis, stone mouse, little Caulis et Radix Tetrastigmatis Planicaulis, stone monkey, soil through ball, SANYE equity also known as gold thread hoist, silk thread, formal name used at school tetratigma hemsleyanum (Tetrastigrna hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg), for Vitaceae Tetrastigma herbaceous perennial vine plant, herb all has medical value, especially best with underground tuber (referred to as Radix Tetrastigmatis Hemsleyani of being used as medicine) medicinal effects, many using fresh herbs or dry.
The medical value of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) sees Compendium of Material Medica the earliest: " tetratigma hemsleyanum, cool in nature, bitter in the mouth, pungent, heat-clearing and toxic substances removing, promoting blood circulation by removing wind ";" health food inspection and assessment technique specification " (2003 editions) " food safety evaluation on toxicology test " is recorded: " Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is nontoxic, without mutagenicity ".Taking orally and can treat children with high fever induced convulsions, dysentery, bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngolaryngitis, hepatitis and viral meningitis, external application can treat venom, tonsillitis, cellulitis, traumatic injury.Modern medicine study shows, Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) all has obvious curative effects for serious infections such as high heat, pneumonia, hepatitis, gastritis, cervicitis, lymphoid tuberculosis, septicemia, because of its have antineoplastic biological activity and without toxicity, side effect little and by extensive concern.Pharmacological research shows in recent years, and Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is mainly anticancer by three kinds of approach: 1, reach to suppress tumor cell proliferation by apoptosis;2, antitumor action is reached by raising immunocompetence;3, antitumor action is reached by antioxidation.The extract of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) has stronger inhibitory action to human liver cancer cell HepG2, strengthen immunologic function (Ding Gangqiang simultaneously, Zheng Junxian, Wei Kemin, Pu brocade is precious. and the external toxic action of hepatocellular carcinoma H22 and primary rat hepatocyte is studied [J] by Lemna paucicostata. Zhejiang preventive medicine, 2005,17 (9): 1 5.;Ding Gangqiang, Xu Caiju, Meng Jia, Wei Kemin, Pu Jinbao, Fu Jianyun, Zheng Junxian, Lou Xiaoming, Zhang Ronghua. Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is to mouse cytokine and Immune Function research [J]. Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology, 2008,18 (9): 1724-1726.);Its effective ingredient is flavone, cupreol and polysaccharide etc..Just because of this, Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is known as Western medicine irreplaceable " bouvardin ", and has been enter into Zhejiang Province's medical insurance, becomes the cancer therapy drug that various big hospital is approved.
At present, market is increasing to Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) demand, and wild the excavating of simple dependence cannot meet the most far away demand, causes Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) to hold at high price, and rising range is relatively big in recent years, and has the most soaring trend.Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) updating ability under natural environment is poor, accompanying plant structure of community is complicated, suffer artificial destruction increasingly severe recently as wild resource, its wild distribution is more and more narrower, resource reserves drastically reduce, as not in time its resource being collected, preserve and breeds, it is possible to cause extinction.Along with the demand of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) constantly increases, artificial culture, domestication and Vitro Quick Reproduction become focus in recent years, the problem not enough to solve wild resource.So far studying through many people, tried to achieve common recognition, the Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) 3-5 of cultivation domestication can gather its tuber, and active constituent content and wild no significant difference.The research of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) tissue-culturing rapid propagation is a lot of, and the research in terms of cutting propagation and artificial culture is not enough, the most fragmentary, not yet to form system experience report, necessary in this technology treasure-house the most just raised, and increases new experience, forms mature technology system.
CN102119625A discloses " artificial culturing method of a kind of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) ", by some contrast tests, it is proposed that a set of cultural method.CN104255218A and CN104186141A discloses the pocket type cultivation method of the bionical interplanting in forest land Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), each the domestication culture techniques of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is contributed, so far there are no Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cuttage many cakings in seedling stage root, the report promoting the effective method of high yield aspect and the appearance on model ground.
In sum, the blank existed in terms of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) resource investigation and cultivation breed research is the biggest, production also there is a lot of problems demand solve, it is more prominent: during domestication plants Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri), a lot of apogamic seedlings are also formed without the organ underground tuber that is mainly used as medicine, it is commonly called as " not balling ", or underground tuber " balling " amount is seldom, growing way is slow, yielding poorly, this is the universal difficult problem that grower faces, if not " balling ", yield and benefit are all by extreme influence, it is impossible to meet market and medicinal demand.The artificial culture of this Wild Medicinal of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) is initiateed in recent years, actor's its thing of each row, there are no complete, effective cuttage and the report of the experience of cultivation.For the problems referred to above, present inventor puts into practice through the cutting propagation more than 5 years, start with in terms of regulation and control from the selection of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) place breeding, the choosing of cutting, the preparation of cutting medium, light and water etc., set up the cuttage technique of a whole set of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) early knot underground tuber, make the Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling caking root rate of survival after transplant is up to more than 75%, more preferably solve the agricultural technology problem of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling not " balling ".
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the cuttage and seedling culture method of a kind of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) early caking root.
Solve this technical problem to adopt the following technical scheme that
This Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) early caking root cuttage and seedling culture method is carried out as follows:
(1) selection of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) place breeding: in the wild Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) of selection Zhejiang area growth, tuber quality better, fast growth, caking root are greatly and early, leaf is big and the local breeding branches and tendrils of thickness make cutting;
(2) determination in cuttage period: first Zhejiang area selects that the spring tip is the most aging, autumn growth is the most pending solar calendar mid-August to JIUYUE last ten-days period, or the solar calendar do not sent out shortly past, the spring tip in severe winter adopts fringe cuttage to the last ten-days period in March at the end of two months;
(3) collection of cutting and process: gathering cutting the last week, first add adequate nutrition element with 2000ppm paclobutrazol and spray the Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) plant of cutting to be cut, stalwartness is selected to enrich branch when adopting fringe, abandon sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and thin and delicate branch, every 2-3 leaf bud is truncated into one section of cutting, blade is big and thickness select 2 buds, otherwise select 3 buds;
(4) wholelyly and cuttage: select sandy loam to make nursery lot, in case of clay need to mix 1/3 river sand or the transformation of coconut palm bran, Seedling ground bedding, the high 15 ± 1cm of furrow, wide 1.1 ± 0.1m, furrow face spreads scorched clay dust or the plant ash of 2-3cm;Cuttage is suitable shallow unsuitable deep, buries with a leaf bud of cutting foot and is advisable, the seeding row spacing 8 × 8cm of cuttage, the strain of every mu of cutting seedling 9 ± 10,000;Watering and to irrigate for the first time after cuttage, after watering, 5 ± 1h root-growing agent and carbendazim uniformly spray one time;
(5) put up a shed and control light: for anti-the most overcast and rainy and solar exposure, plastic sheeting canopy and shading shed need to be taken, 20d after cuttage is management early stage, require obscurity 90% ± 1%, hereafter 40d is for managing mid-term, shading rate is 75% ± 5%, and three, four months afterwards are the management later stage, and shading rate is 65% ± 1%;
(6) seedling management:
A. water: the front 20d after cuttage, spray a water every day, also can carry out in conjunction with foliage spray, keep humidity 85% ± 5%, management to water a water every 3-4d mid-term, keep humidity 70% ± 1%, the management later stage does not waters after 5cm length when new root length, throws off plastic foil daytime simultaneously, if continuous fine more than 10d, then watering a water, control water at this moment is one of key element of early caking root;
B. foliage spray: based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is equipped with yellow humic acid, and 3-5d sprays a foliage fertilizer, and sprays altogether every once adding promoter;
C. uprooting weed in time: pull out by hand, it is impossible to hoe up weeds or use herbicide;
The most climing fixed length: retain the long 10-15cm of Seedling, cut off or pluck unnecessary climing section or terminal bud, prevent from growing the branch of excessive growth;
E. take exercise before transplanting: Seedling ground Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling in hot house, before transplanting, will be opened the door and progressively take limit film apart, suitably ventilating, lower the temperature and control water, and humid control, 55% ± 5%, is beneficial to acceleration and goes back Seedling;
Transplant: after cutting propagation 5-6 month the most in good time, when temperature is stable the period of 10-15 DEG C, Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling can be transplanted;Before moving to take the land for growing field crops of shading shed, the most wholelyly, bedding, cave or furrow planting Seedling are dug according to the distance between rows and hills of 10 × 15cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by this cuttage and seedling culture method, after branch cutting 5-6 month, blade plumpness, the SANYE young crops of robust plant can be cultivated, and the Seedling strain ratio having tuber can be made to be up to more than 75%, having substantially solved a difficult problem for cutting seedling " not balling ", such transplantation of seedlings land for growing field crops is cultivated, and is conducive to obtaining big tuber and multiple tuber during results, improve medicinal tuber grade, and add beet yield.
Specific embodiments
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment:
The cuttage and seedling culture method of this Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) early caking root is carried out as follows:
(1) selection of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) place breeding: in the wild Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) of selection Zhejiang area growth, tuber quality better, fast growth, caking root are greatly and early, leaf is big and the local breeding branches and tendrils of thickness make cutting;The wild Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) being grown in Zhejiang is screened the local breeding of work and allows for the practice area of the applicant in Zhejiang, the experience introduced also is most suitable for applying in Zhejiang, the female parent used only has the wild strain in Zhejiang at local adaptability the most by force, and what other saved preferably implements;
(2) determination in cuttage period: first Zhejiang area selects the solar calendar that the spring tip is the most aging, autumn growth not yet germinates to adopt fringe cuttage the last ten-days period to JIUYUE mid-August, this is because at summer high temperature rest period, though Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) plant stops nourishing and growing, but photosynthesis does not but stop, photosynthate is constantly accumulated in branch, cutting nutrient sufficient quality is high, and survival rate and caking root rate are the highest;Or may select the solar calendar do not sent out shortly past, the spring tip in severe winter and adopt fringe cuttage to the last ten-days period in March at the end of two months, the nutrition that now last year accumulates remains, and cuttings quality takes second place, and caking root rate is less than cutting seedling in first autumn;
(3) collection of cutting and process: gathering cutting the last week, first adding adequate nutrition element with 2000ppm paclobutrazol and spray the Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) plant of cutting to be cut, increase shoot vegetative accumulation, and promote sprouting of lateral bud;Selecting stalwartness to enrich branch when adopting fringe, abandon sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and thin and delicate branch, every 2-3 leaf bud is truncated into one section of cutting, and blade is big and the branch of thickness selects 2 buds, otherwise selects 3 buds;Be dried such as fine day during cuttage, suitably every blade can be wiped out half, prevent moisture evaporation too fast cause cuttage branch dehydration dry up;
(4) wholelyly and cuttage: select sandy loam to make nursery lot, in case of clay need to mix 1/3 river sand or the transformation of coconut palm bran, the bedding of Seedling ground, high 15 ± the 1cm of furrow, wide 1.1 ± 0.1m, the scorched clay dust of furrow face paving 2-3cm or plant ash, both breathed freely water conservation, and promoted again to form underground tuber;Cuttage is suitable shallow unsuitable deep, buries with a leaf bud of cutting foot and is advisable, and new root is i.e. sprouted at bud joint;Seeding row spacing 8 × the 8cm of cuttage, the strain of every mu of cutting seedling 9 ± 10,000;Watering and to irrigate for the first time after cuttage, after watering, 5 ± 1h root-growing agent and carbendazim uniformly spray one time, play hestening rooting and the effect of pre-disease prevention;
(5) put up a shed and control light: for anti-the most overcast and rainy and solar exposure, plastic sheeting canopy and shading shed need to be taken, 20d after cuttage is management early stage, require obscurity 90% ± 1%, at this moment dark situation can release or reduce the suppression of plant body interior materials onto cells growth, promotes calli induction and the generation of root tissue;Hereafter 40d is for managing mid-term, and shading rate is 75% ± 5%, and illumination at this moment is conducive to exhibition leaf also to carry out photosynthesis manufacture nutrient, and produced growth hormone contributes to the growth of root;Three, four months afterwards are the management later stage, and shading rate is 65% ± 1%, and relatively intense light irradiation at this moment can suppress plant excessive growth, improve the soil moisture, promote early knot and the root that lumps more;Simultaneously it is noted that the problem such as the ventilation of Various Seasonal and regulation temperature, especially note the Seedling of cuttage in February to March, in booth, get over ventilation and the cooling problem in summer;
(6) final-period management:
A. water: the front 20d after cuttage, spray a water every day, it is possible to combine foliage spray and spray water, keep humidity 85% ± 5%, hide plastic sheeting simultaneously, prevent cutting moisture loss too much wither and promote that young root is formed;Mid-term is watered a water every 3-4d in management, keeps humidity 70% ± 1%, opens plastic sheeting in good time, aeration-cooling, in order to the growth of root system;In the management later stage, new root does not waters after 5cm length, throws off plastic sheeting daytime simultaneously, if continuous fine more than 10d, waters a water, and control water at this moment is one of key element of early caking root;
B. foliage spray: based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is equipped with yellow humic acid, and 3-5d sprays once as foliage fertilizer, and sprays altogether every once adding promoter, has additional nutrients and promotes that tuber morphogenesis, the most beneficially photosynthate are transported downwards;
C. uprooting weed in time: require manual weeding out the rank grass, it is impossible to hoe up weeds or use herbicide, is careful not to impact during uprooting weed or takes the root system of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) out of, to avoid root system injured unfavorable " balling ";
The most climing fixed length: as the long 10-15cm of Seedling, cut off or pluck unnecessary climing section or terminal bud, prevent from growing the branch of excessive growth, the nutrient consumption of suppression Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) aerial parts, make nutrient transport to subterranean organ and accumulate, promote that underground tuber expands rapidly, the purpose of the root that reaches early to lump;
E. taking exercise before transplanting: Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling, before transplanting, will suitably be ventilated, lowers the temperature and control water, especially Seedling ground Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling in hot house, before transplanting, will be opened the door and progressively take limit film apart, and humidity preferably controls 55% ± 5%;Ventilate and cooling growth of cuttage seedlings speed can be made to slow down, in root, stem, leaf, accumulate photosynthate in a large number, make stem and leaf epidermis thicken, fibrous tissue increase;Control water increases Cell sap hydrophilic colloid, and Free water reduces relatively, increases resistance;By above measure, the root regeneration growth when transplanting of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling can be made very fast, Seedling is gone back in beneficially acceleration;
Transplant: when temperature is stable at about 10-15 DEG C, Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling can be transplanted the most in good time;Can transplant to the land for growing field crops taking shading shed, the most wholelyly, bedding, dig cave or ditch according to the distance between rows and hills of 10 × 15cm, then plant Seedling;Also can transplant to the Potted-plant containers such as control root container, non-woven bag or nutritive cube, prepare cultivation matrix in advance;Cutting seedling is tried one's best balled transplanting, general how upright or tilt to plant Seedling, it is necessary to keep terminal bud upwards, thickness of earth-fill cover with do not expose or just over former part of burying preferably;Root system is wanted naturally to stretch, and does not crimp;Earthing wants thin, and to be compacted, and makes root system combine closely with soil;Should irrigate immediately after field planting and determine root water, to eliminate the space of rhizosphere, increase the water supply effect of soil capillary.
In the last ten-days period in March before present patent application, inventor transplants Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling 237 strain altogether, wherein has totally 182 strain of tuber, and " balling " rate (refers to table 1) more than 75%.
Table 1 Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling early caking root statistical table
The SANYE young crops having tuber that is measurable by data above, that obtained by this method cuttage, is transplanted tuber behind land for growing field crops and expands rapidly, and when imply that following results, tuber amount is many and individual big high yield prospect.

Claims (1)

1. a cuttage and seedling culture method for Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) early caking root, is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
(1) selection of Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) place breeding: in the wild Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) of selection Zhejiang area growth, tuber quality better, fast growth, caking root are greatly and early, leaf is big and the local breeding branches and tendrils of thickness make cutting;
(2) determination in cuttage period: first Zhejiang area selects that the spring tip is the most aging, autumn growth is the most pending solar calendar mid-August to JIUYUE last ten-days period, or the solar calendar do not sent out shortly past, the spring tip in severe winter adopts fringe cuttage to the last ten-days period in March at the end of two months;
(3) collection of cutting and process: gathering cutting the last week, first add adequate nutrition element with 2000 ppm paclobutrazols and spray the Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) plant of cutting to be cut, stalwartness is selected to enrich branch when adopting fringe, abandon sick branch, the branch of excessive growth and thin and delicate branch, every 2-3 leaf bud is truncated into one section of cutting, blade is big and thickness select 2 buds, otherwise select 3 buds;
(4) wholelyly and cuttage: select sandy loam to make nursery lot, in case of clay need to mix 1/3 river sand or the transformation of coconut palm bran, Seedling ground bedding, high 15 ± 1 cm of furrow, wide 1.1 ± 0.1 m, furrow face spreads scorched clay dust or the plant ash of 2-3 cm;Cuttage is suitable shallow unsuitable deep, buries with a leaf bud of cutting foot and is as the criterion, seeding row spacing 8 × 8 cm of cuttage, the strain of every mu of cutting seedling 9 ± 10,000;Watering and to irrigate for the first time after cuttage, after watering, 5 ± 1 h root-growing agents and carbendazim uniformly spray one time;
(5) put up a shed and control light: for anti-the most overcast and rainy and solar exposure, plastic sheeting canopy and shading shed need to be taken, 20 d after cuttage are management early stage, require obscurity 90% ± 1%, hereafter 40 d are for managing mid-term, shading rate is 75% ± 5%, and three, four months afterwards are the management later stage, and shading rate is 65% ± 1%;
(6) seedling management:
A. water: front 20 d after cuttage, spray a water every day, or combine foliage spray and carry out, keep humidity 85% ± 5%, management to water a water every 3-4 d mid-term, keep humidity 70% ± 1%, the management later stage does not waters after 5 cm length when new root length, throws off plastic sheeting daytime simultaneously, if the finest 10 more than d, then watering a water, control water at this moment is one of key element of early caking root;
B. foliage spray: based on potassium dihydrogen phosphate, is equipped with yellow humic acid, and 3-5 d sprays a foliage fertilizer, and sprays altogether every once adding promoter;
C. uprooting weed in time: pull out by hand, it is impossible to hoe up weeds or use herbicide;
The most climing fixed length: retain Seedling long 10-15 cm, cut off or pluck unnecessary climing section or terminal bud, prevent from growing the branch of excessive growth;
E. taking exercise before transplanting: Seedling ground Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling in hot house, before transplanting, will be opened the door and progressively take limit film apart, suitably ventilating, lower the temperature and control water, humid control, 55% ± 5%, is beneficial to accelerate slow Seedling;
Transplant: after cutting propagation 5-6 month the most in good time, when temperature is stable the period of 10-15 DEG C, i.e. transplant Radix Apioris Fortunei (Radix Lespedezae Buergeri) cutting seedling;Before moving to take the land for growing field crops of shading shed, the most wholelyly, bedding, cave or furrow planting Seedling are dug according to the distance between rows and hills of 10 × 15 cm.
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