CN104303774A - Culturing method of sun-cured tobacco - Google Patents
Culturing method of sun-cured tobacco Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303774A CN104303774A CN201410549422.4A CN201410549422A CN104303774A CN 104303774 A CN104303774 A CN 104303774A CN 201410549422 A CN201410549422 A CN 201410549422A CN 104303774 A CN104303774 A CN 104303774A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention provides a culturing method of sun-cured tobacco. The method comprises the steps of measures of optimizing a planting configuration, brining forward seedling nursing time and a transplanting period and the like, promoting a first harvest of tobacco to early grow and fast develop, harvesting at proper mature time, and providing sufficient growth period for the second harvest of tobacco; by using the eugonic advantage of axillary buds after the Junzhou sun-cured tobacco are pinched, selecting and remaining the axillary buds close to the ground to culture the second harvest of tobacco, thus improving the use rate and yield of unit area land, and increasing the tobacco leaf yield. By using the advantage that the tobacco leaves harvested by two times in one year are doubly increased, three leaves at the upper and lower parts with poorer quality are abandoned, the ratio of the first-class tobacco and medium tobacco is improved, the aim of optimizing the tobacco leaf structure and improving the tobacco leaf quality is achieved, and the tobacco economic benefits of tobacco farmers are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a cultivation method grown tobacco, especially a kind of cultivation method of famous sun-cured tobaccos.
Background technology
Equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos belong to a kind of regional characters light color Sun cured tobacco, are mainly distributed in the Danjiangkou of Hanjiang River, Yunxi County, the river valley of Yun County, low mountain, hilly country plantation.Affect by local climate condition and culture technique, equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos can only plant one batch in 1 year, and February annual October to next year, idle land, can not plant other crops, in year unit are land utilization rate and output capacity not high.It is limited that one strain cigarette leave sheet, in order to ensure output, production taked stay leaf more, and seldom adopt and abandon the second-rate tobacco leaf of inferior leads and top, this cultivation method produces tobacco leaf upper leaf ratio about 40%, middle leaf about 35%, inferior leads about 25%.Cigarette adjusted structure to make the demand of Cigarette Industrial Enterprise to better-than-average tobacco leaf bigger than normal in recent years, had especially exceeded 50% to the demand of first-class tobacco leaf.But in normal leaf tobacco production, first-class tobacco leaf accounts for 35% ~ 40% of gross yield, and medium tobacco leaf accounts for 45% ~ 50% of gross yield, and low inferior tobacco leaf accounts for 10% ~ 15% of gross yield.Visible, very large with the difference of producing reality to the demand of better-than-average tobacco leaf.But, only have minority upper leaf can reach better-than-average cigarette level.The quality problems that upper blade exists mainly contain: after modulation, color is partially dark, blade is partially thick, institutional framework is tight, nicotine content is higher, reducing sugar and sugared alkali than low, intrinsic chemical composition is inharmonious.So each cigarette industry is all lower to upper tobacco leaf usage ratio, to upper tobacco leaf propose demand be only 20% ~ 30%, far away not as good as actual production middle and upper part leaf occupy about 40% ratio.Adopt two crops in one year equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos cultivation method, in limited land area, can increase yield of tobacco, improve middle leaf and first-class tobacco leaf ratio, upgrade concentration degree, strengthens sound tobacco raw material guarantee ability.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of famous sun-cured tobaccos, by Optimization Planting layout, measure such as reach seedling raise period, transplanting time etc., impels first batch of cigarette early growth and quick tiller, in good time ripe, for second batch of cigarette provides sufficient breeding time.Utilize the advantage that after pinching, axillary bud growth is vigorous, the axillalry bud selected and remain near ground cultivates regrowth hair cigarette.The advantage utilizing two crops in one year tobacco leaf number to be multiplied, adopts and abandons each 3 leaves in second-rate upper and lower.This technology can improve land utilization rate and output capacity in year unit are, increases yield of tobacco, improves the ratio of first-class cigarette and middle part cigarette, reaches Optimizing Tobacco structure and improves quality of tobacco object, increases tobacco grower's income.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of cultivation method of famous sun-cured tobaccos, and step is as follows:
1, first batch of cigarette cultivation method:
(1) planting structure distribution: select suitable Zhi Yan district must be winter slack in vain or previous crops green manure plot and at height above sea level 350 below m.
(2) seedling raise period and method: sowing time is on January 15 ~ 20.Adopt cover film heat preservation technology nursery on floating seedlings technology and floating plate, promote that cigarette seedling grows fast, guarantee that first batch of cigarette is transplanted in good time.
(3) site preparation and fertilization: on March 1 ~ 5 wholely.Mu executes purity nitrogen 5kg ~ 6kg, and nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:(1 ~ 1.3): (2.0 ~ 2.5), fertilizer special for tobacco, cake fertilizer, fertilizer impose in ridge at the ridging forward position disposable bar of ridging line.
(4) ridging epiphragma: ridging specification is line-spacing 120cm, ridge height 25cm ~ 30cm, ridge bottom width 55cm ~ 65cm.After ridging, 5d ~ 10d treats moisture in the soil overlay film, sprays Insecticides (tech) & Herbicides (tech) insect protected weed eradication during overlay film in face, ridge.
(5) transplanting time: 25 ~ March 30 March.
(6) culturable standard: line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm.
(7) transplanting method: adopt well cellar for storing things formula transplanting method, cigarette seedling is in the environment of relative insulation, moisturizing, impels cigarette seedling early growth and quick tiller.Vertically carry cigarette seedling leaf during transplanting, shoot root is downward, is gently lost by cigarette seedling in well cellar for storing things, with 2% concentration fertilizer special for tobacco solution, adds the agricultural chemicals of control soil insect, under drenching along the borehole wall, and every well cellar for storing things 100mL ~ 200mL.
(8) field management: 1. topdress, shunt in a well: 15d ~ 20d after transplanting, when tobacco seedling growth point exceeds well entrance of cellar 2cm ~ 3cm, every mu is watered the suitable borehole wall with potassium nitrate 10kg and pours in well, then filled up in the space in well cellar for storing things with fine earth, and sealed by film mouth.2. cultivation and banking: after transplanting, 30d ~ 35d takes off film weeding ridging, ridging height 20cm ~ 25cm.3. adopt and abandon pin leaf: after planting, 60d adopts the pin leaf abandoning inferior quality after 3, bottom illumination deficiency, depauperation, modulation.4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the principle of adhering to " putting prevention first, the comprehensive regulation ", emphasis strengthens the chemical control of mosaic disease and rust.5. pinch, stay leaf: adopt the button heart to pinch, i.e. the bud of cigarette strain is still hidden in the leafage of top, when also cannot see in appearance, just extract its stamen portion, top.15 ~ 18, leaf is stayed according to soil fertility and cigarette strain growing way.6. smear wooden fork, press down bud: axillary bud growth smears wooden fork to during 3cm ~ 5cm, together erases when smearing wooden fork together with the base portion of axillalry bud, be applied in axil with Suckering agents after smearing wooden fork and press down bud.During first time bud picking, all axillalry buds are all erased, do not smear Suckering agents in axillalry bud position, two, face place, nearly ridge.Retain two, face place, nearly ridge axillalry bud during second time bud picking, remaining axillalry bud is all erased.The axillalry bud retaining a robust growth after 5d ~ 7d cultivates regrowth hair cigarette, and is erased by another axillalry bud.7. spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate to urge blade and to fall Huang: foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate after pinching, concentration is 1000 times of liquid, sprays once after 10d ~ 15d again, impels fall Huang, maturation of blade to gather, for second batch of cigarette provides enough breeding times.8. after pinching, 10d ~ 15d adopts and abandons 3, top leaf, to reduce upper leaf thickness and nicotine content, improves middle leaf hierarchical organization.
(9) maturation is gathered: can gather when inferior leads occurs that 6 one-tenth ~ 7 one-tenth Huangs, middle leaf 7 one-tenth ~ 8 one-tenth are yellow, upper leaf 8 one-tenth ~ 9 one-tenth is yellow, every strain tobacco leaf divides gathers for 4 times ~ 5 times.First batch of cigarette must be gathered complete before July 30.
(10) tobacco leaf modulation: tobacco leaf picking is placed on frescade after returning, by position, size, bluish yellow and the classification of sick worm harm leaf, then wears into a rope tobacco leaf of the same type.When wearing string, blade back is to blade back, and often bundle wears 2.Tobacco leaf of often restricting must accomplish homochromy, homogeneity, same to position, same to size.Wear the tobacco leaf after string and hang in airing canopy the 3d ~ 4d that dries in the air, treat that leaf tip is slightly dry and muscle is soft or tobacco leaf plays cylinder, shine when blade tip triggers undercarriage.Ground shines after 2d ~ 3d, and tobacco leaf color is fixation, when master pulse and offshoot are not yet dry, takes pile sweating in the evening, is spread out in daytime and tans by the sun on the ground, so repeatedly three to five times till all drying.The classification of tobacco leaf heap fermentation about 30d after drying lower rope is sold.
2, second batch of cigarette cultivation method:
(1) after first batch of cigarette top is gathered, tobacco rod is cut down from face, nearly ridge and transported outside field focus on.
(2) along the lower hole of topdressing beating dark 10cm ~ 15cm of blade tip of both sides, ridge body center, every mu to be watered with 10kg fertilizer special for tobacco (nitrogen 10: phosphorus 13: potassium 20) and to be diluted to 2% concentration and to apply in hole, by between cigarette plant and the soil of furrow stop up training and arrive cigarette strain base portion.
(3) prosperous adopting for a long time abandons 3, bottom leaf, grows in order to ventilation and penetrating light and middle and upper part leaf, improves middle leaf structure.
(4) at Yan Zhu center, the flowers are in blossom disposablely when putting 70% ~ 80% plucks together with leaflet in the lump by stem top and floral axis, inflorescence, to consume cigarette strain nutrient, prevents cigarette strain top too loose, promotes that tobacco leaf falls Huang.15 ~ 18, leaf is stayed according to cigarette strain growing way.
(5) foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate after pinching, concentration is 1000 times of liquid, sprays once after 10d ~ 15d again, impels blade maturation to fall Huang.
(6) axillary bud growth smears wooden fork to during 3cm ~ 5cm, together erases when smearing wooden fork together with the base portion of axillalry bud, drenches press down bud after smearing wooden fork with Suckering agents cup in axil.
(7) adopt during last bud picking and abandon 3, top leaf, in order to ventilation and penetrating light and Optimizing Tobacco structure.
(8) can gather when inferior leads occurs that 6 one-tenth ~ 7 one-tenth Huangs, middle leaf 7 one-tenth ~ 8 one-tenth are yellow, upper leaf 8 one-tenth ~ 9 one-tenth is yellow, every strain tobacco leaf divides gathers for 4 times ~ 5 times.Second batch of cigarette must be gathered complete before September 20.
(9) other cultivation management measure performs by first batch of cigarette cultivation method.
3, other culture technique of first batch of cigarette and second batch of cigarette performs by the relevant criterion of " equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos comprehensive standard system ".
Beneficial effect:
The cultivation method of a kind of famous sun-cured tobaccos of the inventive method, by Optimization Planting layout, measure such as reach seedling raise period, transplanting time etc., impel first batch of cigarette early growth and quick tiller, in good time maturation is gathered, for second batch of cigarette provides enough breeding times.The advantage that after utilizing equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos to pinch, axillary bud growth is vigorous, the axillalry bud selected and remain near ground cultivates regrowth hair cigarette, improves land utilization rate and output capacity in year unit are, increases yield of tobacco.The advantage utilizing two crops in one year tobacco leaf number to be multiplied, adopts and abandons each 3 leaves in second-rate upper and lower, improve the ratio of first-class cigarette and middle part cigarette, reaches Optimizing Tobacco structure and improves quality of tobacco object, increases tobacco grower and plants cigarette economic benefit.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment:
The present invention has been carried out 3 years (2011-2013) field trials in Hubei Province Jun Zhou famous sun-cured tobaccos science and technology demonstration (place: three groups, Wu Longchi village, Xi Jia town, Danjiangkou) by inventor continuously, compare with equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos traditional cultivation tobacco leaf that method is produced, carry out the indexs such as economic benefit, presentation quality, chemical composition, sensory evaluating smoking's quality to analyze together with tobacco leaf of the present invention, draw the feasibility of high yield and quality cultivation method of the present invention, specific as follows:
1, first batch of cigarette cultivation:
(1) planting structure distribution: is that the Zhi Yan district height above sea level selected must at 350 below m.Through drawing this height above sea level Zhi Yan district Duo Shu subtropics monsoon climate type to famous sun-cured tobaccos producing region, equal state, Shiyan City analysis of weather conditions, day samming is greater than 20 DEG C of number of days 147 d, annual >=the effective accumulated temperature 5411.6 DEG C of 10 DEG C, sows and terminates ﹥ 10 DEG C of accumulated temperature 4568.2 DEG C to gathering.Sunny, annual sunshine duration 1671.3 h, frost-free season 305 more than d.These meteorological conditions are suitable for the in advance climate and other natural phenomena of a season and plant first batch of cigarette, also can not affect second batch of cigarette grow and maturation is gathered modulation.Two is cigarette ground must be winter slack in vain or previous crops green manure plot, transplant in order to first batch of cigarette in good time.
(2) seedling raise period and method: on January 15 ~ 20 was sowed, and shifted to an earlier date 15d ~ 20d than traditional seeding and growing seedling phase.Adopt the nursery of floating seedlings technology, in order to prevent cigarette seedling from being damaged to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature, increasing temperature of shed, promoting that cigarette seedling grows fast, transplants in good time, on floating plate, after planting add a cover layer of plastic film insulation, when cigarette seedling reaches the grand cross phase, withdraw overlay film.Institute educates cigarette seedling and should reach the number of sheets 4 ~ 6, stem height 3cm ~ 5cm, stem girth 1.2cm ~ 1.5cm, and cigarette seedling is healthy and strong without damage by disease and insect, and leaf look just green, well developed root system, and cane pliability is good, the standard in strong sprout that Yan Miao colony is evenly neat, guarantees that first batch of cigarette is transplanted in good time.
(3) site preparation and fertilization: on March 1 ~ 5 shifted to an earlier date 15d ~ 25d than traditional time of site preparation wholely.Mu executes purity nitrogen 5kg ~ 6kg, and nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:(1 ~ 1.3): (2.0 ~ 2.5), fertilizer special for tobacco, cake fertilizer, fertilizer impose in ridge at the ridging forward position disposable bar of ridging line.In order to prevent first batch of cigarette remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, affect second batch of cigarette breeding time, every mu is reduced 0.5kg ~ 1.0kg purity nitrogen amount of application compared with traditional fertilization amount 5.5kg ~ 6.5kg.
(4) ridging epiphragma: ridging specification is line-spacing 120cm, ridge height 25cm ~ 30cm, ridge bottom width 55cm ~ 65cm.Require that the even ridge of row is straight, ridge body is full, and face, ridge is smooth, and ridge soil is in small, broken bits.After ridging, 5d ~ 10d treats moisture in the soil overlay film, sprays Insecticides (tech) & Herbicides (tech) insect protected weed eradication during overlay film in face, ridge.
(5) transplanting time: 25 ~ March 30 March.20d ~ 25d is shifted to an earlier date with traditional transplanting time.Transplanting time is too early, and ground temperature is low, easily occurs freeze injury.Transplanting time is late, can affect growing of second batch of cigarette.
(6) culturable standard: line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 50cm.
(8) transplanting method: adopt well cellar for storing things formula transplanting method, is to realize little transplantation of seedlings, in advance transplanting time; Two is that cigarette seedling after can making transplanting is in the environment of relative insulation, moisturizing, impels cigarette seedling early growth and quick tiller.Vertically carry cigarette seedling leaf during transplanting, shoot root is downward, is gently lost by cigarette seedling in well cellar for storing things, when cigarette seedling is placed, note avoiding cigarette shoot root portion matrix loose, come off.After cigarette seedling is positioned over Jing Jiao, with the fertilizer special for tobacco solution of 2% concentration, add the agricultural chemicals of control soil insect, mix thoroughly, be contained in kettle, under drenching along the borehole wall, every well cellar for storing things 100mL ~ 200mL.
(9) field management: 1. topdress, shunt in a well: 15d ~ 20d after transplanting, when tobacco seedling growth point exceeds well entrance of cellar 2cm ~ 3cm, every mu is watered the suitable borehole wall with potassium nitrate 10kg and pours in well, then filled up in the space in well cellar for storing things with fine earth, and sealed by film mouth.2. cultivation and banking: after transplanting, 30d ~ 35d takes off film weeding ridging, ridging height 20cm ~ 25cm.3. adopt and abandon pin leaf: the rear 60d of cultivation adopts the pin leaf abandoned 3, bottom illumination deficiency, depauperation, nothing modulation value or modulate rear inferior quality, to increase field ventilation and penetrating light, to impel middle and upper part leaf to grow and Optimizing Tobacco hierarchical organization.4. the extermination of disease and insect pest: the principle of adhering to " putting prevention first, the comprehensive regulation ", emphasis strengthens the chemical control of mosaic disease and rust.5. pinch, stay leaf: in order to make stayed blade can be on schedule ripe, guarantee growing of second batch of cigarette, adopt the button heart to pinch, i.e. the bud of cigarette strain be still hidden in the leafage of top, when also cannot see in appearance, just extracts its stamen portion, top.15 ~ 18, leaf is stayed according to soil fertility and tobacco leaf growing way.6. smear wooden fork, press down bud: axillary bud growth smears wooden fork to during 3cm ~ 5cm, together erases when smearing wooden fork together with the base portion of axillalry bud, be applied in axil with Suckering agents after smearing wooden fork and press down bud.All erased by all axillalry buds during first time bud picking, if just cultivate regrowth hair cigarette axillalry bud during first time bud picking, the wooden fork cigarette grown tall rapidly can affect first batch of tobacco leaf and to grow and maturation is gathered.First time does not smear Suckering agents in axillalry bud position, two, face place, nearly ridge when chemistry presses down bud.Retain two, face place, nearly ridge axillalry bud during second time bud picking, remaining axillalry bud is all erased.The axillalry bud retaining a robust growth after 5d ~ 7d cultivates regrowth hair cigarette, and is erased by another axillalry bud.7. spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate to urge blade and to fall Huang: foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate after pinching, concentration is 1000 times of liquid, sprays once after 10d ~ 15d again, and impel blade to fall Huang, ripen in advance is gathered, for second batch of cigarette provides enough breeding times.8. after pinching, 10d ~ 15d adopts and abandons 3, top leaf, to control upper leaf nicotine content and vane thickness, improves middle leaf hierarchical organization.
(10) maturation is gathered: can gather when inferior leads occurs that 6 one-tenth ~ 7 one-tenth Huangs, middle leaf 7 one-tenth ~ 8 one-tenth are yellow, upper leaf 8 one-tenth ~ 9 one-tenth is yellow, every strain tobacco leaf divides gathers for 4 times ~ 5 times.First batch of cigarette must be gathered complete before July 30.
(11) tobacco leaf modulation: tobacco leaf picking is placed on frescade after returning, by position, size, bluish yellow and the classification of sick worm harm leaf, then wears into a rope tobacco leaf of the same type.When wearing string, blade back is to blade back, and often bundle wears 2.Tobacco leaf of often restricting must accomplish homochromy, homogeneity, same to position, same to size.Wear the tobacco leaf after string and hang in airing canopy the 3d ~ 4d that dries in the air, treat that leaf tip is slightly dry and muscle is soft or tobacco leaf plays cylinder, shine when blade tip triggers undercarriage.Ground shines after 2d ~ 3d, and tobacco leaf color is fixation, when master pulse and offshoot are not yet dry, takes pile sweating in the evening, is spread out in daytime and tans by the sun on the ground, so repeatedly three to five times till all drying.The classification of tobacco leaf heap fermentation about 30d after drying lower rope is sold.
2, second batch of cigarette cultivation:
(1) after first batch of cigarette top is gathered, tobacco rod is cut down from face, nearly ridge and taken out of outside field focus on.Not damage during operation second batch of cigarette shoot.
(2) the lower hole of topdressing beating dark 10cm ~ 15cm of blade tip of both sides is hit exactly after removing first batch of cigarette tobacco rod along ridge body, every mu to be watered with 10kg fertilizer special for tobacco (nitrogen 10: phosphorus 13: potassium 20) and to apply in hole, stop up training to cigarette strain base portion by between cigarette plant with the soil of furrow, impel lateral root growth and prevent cigarette strain from lodging.
(3) prosperous adopting for a long time abandons 3, bottom leaf, grows in order to field ventilation and penetrating light and middle and upper part leaf, improves middle leaf hierarchical organization.
(4) at Yan Zhu center, the flowers are in blossom disposablely when putting 70% ~ 80% plucks together with leaflet in the lump by stem top and floral axis, inflorescence, to consume cigarette strain nutrient, prevents cigarette strain top too loose, promotes that tobacco leaf falls Huang.15 ~ 18, leaf is stayed according to cigarette strain growing way.
(5) foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate after pinching, concentration is 1000 times of liquid, sprays once after 10d ~ 15d again, impels blade maturation to fall Huang.
(6) axillary bud growth smears wooden fork to during 3cm ~ 5cm, together erases when smearing wooden fork together with the base portion of axillalry bud, drenches press down bud after smearing wooden fork with Suckering agents cup in axil.Adopt during last bud picking and abandon 3, top, in order to field ventilation and penetrating light and raising middle leaf hierarchical organization.
(6) can gather when inferior leads occurs that 6 one-tenth ~ 7 one-tenth Huangs, middle leaf 7 one-tenth ~ 8 one-tenth are yellow, upper leaf 8 one-tenth ~ 9 one-tenth is yellow, every strain tobacco leaf divides gathers for 4 times ~ 5 times.Second batch of cigarette must be gathered complete before September 20.
(7) other cultivation management measure performs by first batch of cigarette.
3, other culture technique of first batch of cigarette and second batch of cigarette performs by the relevant criterion of " equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos comprehensive standard system ".
After modulation terminates, according to " DB42/T 225-2002 is county's famous sun-cured tobaccos all ", classification, meter product, evaluation, presentation quality qualification are carried out to the present invention and traditional cultivation tobacco leaf that method is produced.Chemical composition detection is carried out according to YC/T160-2002, YC/T161-2002, YC/T159-2002, YC/T162-2002, YC/T173.Former cigarette sensory evaluation is carried out according to YC/T 138-1998.
Table 1: economic characters compare.
As can be seen from Table 1, adopt after abandoning each 3 of two batches of cigarette top and the bottom, first batch and second batch of tobacco leaf per mu yield, per mu yield value are all lower slightly than traditional cultivation method, but after two batches of cigarette per mu yields, per mu yield values are added than traditional cultivation method respectively high 118.27 kgs/acre, 2060.05 yuan/mu, difference reaches extremely significantly and significance level respectively; Tobacco leaf average price of the present invention, upper medium grade cigarette rate are all higher than traditional cultivation method, and this abandons each 3 leaves in upper and lower with adopting, and adds middle leaf quantity, decreases the Optimizing Tobacco structural measure close relations such as inferior cigarette ratio.
Table 2: presentation quality compares.
Randomly draw the middle and upper part leaf after modulation and carry out presentation quality qualification.As can be seen from Table 2, former cigarette color of the present invention is based on true yellow, and it is careful to organize, and blade thickness is moderate, and flower degree of wound is less, and presentation quality comparatively traditional cultivation method slightly promotes.This is main executes purity nitrogen with first batch of cigarette mu to reduce 0.5kg ~ 1.0kg relevant, and after reducing amount of nitrogen, normally, normally, blade thickness is moderate for leaf look for field tobacco leaf growing way, and the layering Huang Cheng that falls is ripe, does not occur black sudden and violent cigarette, remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing cigarette.Two is, after adopting and abandoning each 3 leaves in upper and lower, not only optimize tobacco leaf portion structure and hierarchical organization, and be conducive to field ventilation and penetrating light, increases tobacco leaf dry-matter accumulation, decreases the flower degree of wound that modulation period occurs.
Table 3: former cigarette chemical composition analysis.
Randomly draw tobacco research institute of Ye Song Hubei Province, middle and upper part and carry out chemical composition detection analysis.From table 3, the present invention's two batches of tobacco leaves and traditional cultivation method to produce the overall inherent quality of tobacco leaf close, total nitrogen, total reducing sugar, nitrogen base ratio, sugared alkali ratio is without significant difference, in the tobacco leaf of traditional cultivation method, total alkaloid, chlorinity are slightly high, potassium content is lower slightly, think that this and two crops in one year cultivation method spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate and adopt that to abandon upper leaf relevant.
Table 4: former cigarette sensory quality assessment.
Randomly draw middle and upper part Ye Song Hubei Zhongyan Industry Co., Ltd and carry out sensory quality assessment.From table 4, tobacco aroma quality of the present invention is good, perfume quantity is comparatively sufficient, pleasant impression is more comfortable, and industrial applicability is better.Other several indexs are suitable with traditional cultivation method.
Can be found out by above embodiment: 1, by Optimization Planting layout, measure such as reach seedling raise period, transplanting time etc., impel first batch of cigarette early growth and quick tiller, in good time maturation is gathered, and for second batch of cigarette provides enough breeding times, makes equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos 1 year a batch become two crops in one year.2, the advantage that after utilizing equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos to pinch, axillary bud growth is vigorous, the axillalry bud selected and remain near ground cultivates regrowth hair cigarette, improves land utilization rate and output capacity in year unit are, adds yield of tobacco and economic benefit.3, the advantage that two crops in one year tobacco leaf number is multiplied is utilized, adopt and abandon each 3 leaves in bottom and top, both high yield can be ensured, optimize again tobacco leaf degree structure, improve middle leaf and first-class tobacco leaf ratio, improve grade concentration degree, improve quality of tobacco, enhance sound tobacco raw material guarantee ability.4, the present invention compares with average yield per mu value with the per mu yield of equal state famous sun-cured tobaccos traditional cultivation method, and per mu yield increases by 118.27 kilograms, and average yield per mu value increases by 2060.05 yuan, and economic benefit is very remarkable.
Claims (2)
1. a cultivation method for famous sun-cured tobaccos, is characterized in that:
(1) first batch of cigarette cultivation method:
1. planting structure distribution: select suitable Zhi Yan district, this Zhi Yan district must be winter slack in vain or previous crops green manure plot, and at height above sea level 350 below m;
2. seedling raise period and method: sowing time is on January 15 ~ 20, adopts cover film heat preservation technology nursery on floating seedlings and floating plate, promotes that cigarette seedling grows fast, guarantees that first batch of cigarette is transplanted in good time;
3. site preparation and fertilization: on March 1 ~ 5, mu executed purity nitrogen 5kg ~ 6kg wholely, and nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio is 1:(1 ~ 1.3): (2.0 ~ 2.5);
4. transplanting time: 25 ~ March 30 March;
5. transplanting method: adopt well cellar for storing things formula transplanting method, cigarette seedling is in the environment of relative insulation, moisturizing, impels cigarette seedling early growth and quick tiller;
6. adopt and abandon pin leaf: plant the pin leaf adopted for latter 60 days and abandon inferior quality after 3, bottom illumination deficiency, depauperation, modulation, to increase field ventilation and penetrating light, to impel middle and upper part leaf to grow and Optimizing Tobacco hierarchical organization;
7. pinch, stay leaf: adopt the button heart to pinch, i.e. the bud of cigarette strain is still hidden in the leafage of top, when also cannot see in appearance, just extract its stamen portion, top, stay 15 ~ 18, leaf according to soil fertility and cigarette strain growing way;
8. smear wooden fork, press down bud: axillary bud growth smears wooden fork to during 3cm ~ 5cm, together erases when smearing wooden fork together with the base portion of axillalry bud, be applied in axil with Suckering agents after smearing wooden fork and press down bud; During first time bud picking, all axillalry buds are all erased, do not smear Suckering agents in axillalry bud position, two, face place, nearly ridge; Retain two, face place, nearly ridge axillalry bud during second time bud picking, remaining axillalry bud is all erased; The axillalry bud retaining a robust growth after 5 days ~ 7 days cultivates regrowth hair cigarette, and is erased by another axillalry bud;
9. spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate to urge blade and to fall Huang: foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate after pinching, concentration is 1000 times of liquid, sprays once after 10 days ~ 15 days again, impels fall Huang, maturation of blade to gather, for second batch of cigarette provides enough breeding times;
10. pinch to adopt for latter 10 days ~ 15 days and abandon 3, top leaf, to reduce upper leaf thickness and nicotine content, improve middle leaf hierarchical organization;
(2) second batches of cigarette cultivation methods:
1., after first batch of cigarette top is gathered, tobacco rod is cut down from face, nearly ridge and taken out of outside field focus on;
2. along the lower hole of topdressing beating dark 10cm ~ 15cm of blade tip of both sides, ridge body center, every mu to be watered with 10kg fertilizer special for tobacco and to be diluted to 2% concentration and to apply in hole, by between cigarette plant and the soil of furrow stop up training and arrive cigarette strain base portion;
3. prosperous adopting for a long time abandons 3, bottom leaf, grows in order to ventilation and penetrating light and middle and upper part leaf, improves middle leaf structure;
The flowers are in blossom at ④Yan Zhu center disposablely when putting 70% ~ 80% plucks together with leaflet in the lump by stem top and floral axis, inflorescence, to consume cigarette strain nutrient, prevents cigarette strain top too loose, promotes that tobacco leaf falls Huang, stays 15 ~ 18, leaf according to cigarette strain growing way;
5. foliage-spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate after pinching, concentration is 1000 times of liquid, sprays once after 10 days ~ 15 days again, impels blade maturation to fall Huang;
6. axillary bud growth smears wooden fork to during 3cm ~ 5cm, together erases when smearing wooden fork together with the base portion of axillalry bud, drenches and press down bud in axil, adopt and abandon 3, top leaf, in order to ventilation and penetrating light and Optimizing Tobacco structure during last bud picking after smearing wooden fork with Suckering agents cup.
2. the cultivation method of a kind of famous sun-cured tobaccos according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described fertilizer special for tobacco according to weight ratio by nitrogen 10: phosphorus 13: potassium 20 is formulated.
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