CN105580628B - The control method of finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature - Google Patents
The control method of finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature Download PDFInfo
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- CN105580628B CN105580628B CN201510982217.1A CN201510982217A CN105580628B CN 105580628 B CN105580628 B CN 105580628B CN 201510982217 A CN201510982217 A CN 201510982217A CN 105580628 B CN105580628 B CN 105580628B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of control methods, especially disclose a kind of control method that finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature, belong to tobacco cultivation technical field.There is provided it is a kind of in the growth course of tobacco, by control blade quantity improve finished product quality of tobacco based on leaf position feature improve finished product quality of tobacco control method.After the control method stays 20 processes of leaf by topping, the process of the partial blade of removal top and/or bottom Ye Wei positions improves the quality of finished product tobacco leaf again in due course.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control method, more particularly, to a kind of control that finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature
Method processed belongs to tobacco cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Tobacco is a kind of important industrial crops, and the production and operation of tobacco leaf are carried out sternly by country according to the demand-supply relation
The planned control of lattice, production is basicly stable, and price is steadily increasing, and the commodity rate of per mu yield value and tobacco is above other grains
Crop and the deep great kindness by tobacco planting family.At present, in the leaf tobacco production target of country's " control total quantity, stablize scale " and
Under " 532 " brand development planning and " 461 " brand sales target Policy Adjustment, on first-class cigarette, middle part tobacco leaf especially middle part
Waiting cigarettes becomes the strategic resource of cigarette industry contention, the final product quality of tobacco leaf become the main restriction of tobacco leaf planting regional development because
Son.But tobacco as a kind of leaf with crop, production process includes nursery, transplanting, grown in field, topping stay leaf, maturation to adopt
Multiple links, the formation of quality of tobacco such as receipts, baking have the rule of its own.In the production process of cigarette strain, if be allowed to out
Spend it is solid will consume a large amount of nutrient, so as to reduce the yield of finished product tobacco leaf and harvesting, baking after finished product tobacco leaf product
Matter.In the planting process of high-quality tobacco crop, " topping " is the important measures of a raising quality of tobacco, it is necessary in due course
Phase plucks the bud or flower sequence at top and extra tobacco leaf, a large number of nutrients and photosynthate prevented in cigarette strain body pass through
Flower, extra tobacco leaf that is real and cannot finally growing up to finished product tobacco leaf carry out meaningless consumption, reach and promote nutriment and photosynthetic
Product centralizedly supply leaf growth increases the purpose of leaf area and weight per leaf amount.But in the prior art, it is deflorated using topping
It is general to retain 20 leaves or so after real defoliation, growth is made to develop to maturation, and picking and roasting.In this way, although tobacco product
Quantity, that is, per mu yield of leaf can reach higher level, but in the classification purchase of finished product tobacco leaf, find at the top and bottom of cigarette strain
Multi-disc quality of tobacco is still poor, and the quality requirement of effective tobacco leaf is not achieved, and finished product quality of tobacco is not still high, first-class cigarette
Ratio and the ratio of middle leaf are still relatively low, in industrial and commercial raw tobacco material supply and demand transaction, it is impossible to meet cigarette industry to tobacco leaf
The topology requirement of raw material this not only lowers effective income of tobacco planting, and can influence the sustainable development of cigarette enterprise.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：There is provided it is a kind of in the growth course of tobacco, by controlling the number of blade
Measure the control method that finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature to improve finished product quality of tobacco.
Used technical solution is to solve above-mentioned technical problem：One kind improves finished product quality of tobacco based on leaf position feature
Control method, the control method by topping stay 20 processes of leaf after, in due course again removal top and/or bottom leaf
The process of the partial blade of position position improves the quality of finished product tobacco leaf.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Pass through the bud or flower sequence at the top of removal cigarette strain of pinching in due course, removal
Cigarette strain footing leaf makes single plant stay 20, leaf, then removes the partial blade of top and/or bottom Ye Wei positions again in due course, real
Now not only prevent the unnecessary consumption of a large number of nutrients and photosynthate in bud or flower ordered pair cigarette strain body, but also when appropriate
The partial blade of bottom and/or top leaf position position for waiting the cigarette strain that still will cannot reach quality requirements after maturation again carries out
It extracts, reduce again and/or prevents following waste product tobacco leaf to a part of nutriment and the nothing of photosynthate in cigarette strain body
Meaning consumption, so as to which nutriment and photosynthate of the cigarette strain after topping be made to supply the leaf remained in cigarette strain as far as possible
Piece, to improve the quality of finished of whole leaf positions tobacco leaf remained.In this way, not only increase the first-class cigarette ratio of finished product tobacco leaf
Example and completes a business transaction average price, and can effectively improve the sensible quality of finished product tobacco leaf and flue gas matter, cigarette at middle leaf ratio
Tolerance, thoroughly hair property, fine and smooth degree, soft degree, mellow and full sense and irritation etc..Herein, removal cigarette strain footing leaf makes single plant cigarette
Grass stays the operation of leaf to 20, can deflorate real be carried out at the same time before topping or with topping according to cigarette strain growing way.
Single plant tobacco is made to stay leaf extremely further, the topping stays 20 processes of leaf to include removal part footing leaf
The process of 20 and spent at the beginning of cigarette strain period remove immediately top bud and/or inflorescence process.
Further, the process of the partial blade for removing top and/or bottom Ye Wei positions again in due course, is
Refer to two tobacco leaves for extracing two tobacco leaves of lowest part and topmost respectively simultaneously on the day of topping process completion；Or it is pinching
The same day that process is completed extracts a piece of tobacco leaf of lowest part three pieces tobacco leaf and topmost respectively simultaneously.
Further, the process of the partial blade for removing top and/or bottom Ye Wei positions again in due course, refers to
The 10th day two tobacco leaves for only extracing lowest part after the completion of process of pinching, any a piece of cigarette without extracing other positions
Leaf；Or the three pieces tobacco leaf of lowest part is only extractd in the 10th day after the completion of process of pinching, without extracing any of other positions
A piece of tobacco leaf.
The preferred embodiment of said program, in the process using the 10th day removal partial blade after the completion of process of pinching
When controlling finished product quality of tobacco,
When using two tobacco leaves for only extracing lowest part, without any a piece of tobacco leaf for extracing other positions process when,
Roasting process is adopted last, two reciprocal of upper leaf do not adopt roasting；
When using the three pieces tobacco leaf for only extracing lowest part, without any a piece of tobacco leaf for extracing other positions process when,
Roasting process is adopted last, top a piece of leaf reciprocal do not adopt roasting.
Further, the control method further includes the control of the line-spacing and spacing in the rows between adjacent cigarette strain.
Further, the line-spacing is controlled between 1.1m-1.3m.
Further, the spacing in the rows is controlled between 0.45m-0.55m.
Specific embodiment
In order to solve single plant tobacco bottom and top of the prior art, there are still reached to after large number of tobacco leaf maturation
Less than quality requirements, thus the technical issues of reducing tobacco per unit area yield yield and quality of finished indirectly, the present invention provides one kind
In the growth course of tobacco, by control blade quantity improve finished product quality of tobacco based on leaf position feature improve tobacco product
The control method of leaf quality.The control method by topping stay 20 processes of leaf after, in due course again removal top and/or
The process of the partial blade of bottom Ye Wei positions improves the quality of finished product tobacco leaf.Above by topping removal in due course
Bud or flower sequence at the top of cigarette strain, removal cigarette strain footing leaf single plant is made to stay 20, leaf, then in due course again removal top and/or
The partial blade of bottom Ye Wei positions, realization not only prevent a large number of nutrients and photosynthate in bud or flower ordered pair cigarette strain body
Unnecessary consumption, and still will cannot reach after maturation again in due course the cigarette strain of quality requirements bottom and/or
The partial blade of top leaf position position is extractd, and is reduced again and/or is prevented following waste product tobacco leaf to one in cigarette strain body
The unnecessary consumption of part nutriment and photosynthate, so as to make nutriment and photosynthate of the cigarette strain after topping as far as possible
Supply cigarette strain on the blade that remains, to improve the quality of finished of whole leaf positions tobacco leaf remained.In this way, it not only carries
The high first-class cigarette ratio of finished product tobacco leaf, middle leaf ratio and average price is completed a business transaction, and can effectively improve finished product tobacco leaf
Sensible quality and flue gas matter, thoroughly exhaust gas volumn, hair property, fine and smooth degree, soft degree, mellow and full sense and irritation etc..Herein,
Removal cigarette strain footing leaf makes single plant tobacco stay the operation of leaf to 20, according to cigarette strain growing way can be before topping, can also
It is to deflorate to be carried out at the same time in fact with topping.
In the above embodiment, in order to reduce to greatest extent in bud or flower sequence and extra blade consumption cigarette strain body
Nutritional ingredient and photosynthate, the topping, which stays 20 processes of leaf to include removal part footing leaf, makes single plant tobacco stay leaf extremely
The process of 20 and spent at the beginning of cigarette strain period remove immediately top bud and/or inflorescence process.Meanwhile in conjunction with
In the prior art, detection of the tobacco curing enterprise to finished product quality of tobacco may discard leaf position to reduce future to greatest extent
Tobacco leaf provides following several construction works in defoliation to the unnecessary consumption of cigarette strain endotrophic ingredient and photosynthate, the application
Sequence, the first defoliation process are while excision two tobacco leaves of lowest part and topmost respectively on the day of after the completion of process of pinch
The processes of two tobacco leaves improve the quality of finished of remaining tobacco leaf；Or the 10th day after the completion of process of pinching only is extractd
Two tobacco leaves of lowest part improve the quality of finished of remaining tobacco leaf without extracing any a piece of tobacco leaf at other positions；The
Two kinds of defoliation processes are on the day of after the completion of process of pinch, while excision lowest part three pieces tobacco leaf and topmost respectively is a piece of
Tobacco leaf improves the quality of finished of remaining tobacco leaf；Or the three pieces of lowest part are only extractd in the 10th day after the completion of process of pinching
Tobacco leaf improves the quality of finished of remaining tobacco leaf without extracing any a piece of tobacco leaf at other positions.No matter using any
Process, the quality of finished of the tobacco leaf remained have larger carry compared with the existing quality of finished product tobacco leaf for not removing blade
Height is attained by requirement, only position even being baked after the tobacco leaf growth and maturity of lowermost position and upper into the quality after cigarette
Difference, the grade of quality also have corresponding difference.At this point, price when being completed a business transaction to improve, complete using topping process
The 10th day after again the process control finished product quality of tobacco of removal partial blade when, when using only extracing two of lowest part
Tobacco leaf, without any a piece of tobacco leaf for extracing other positions process when, adopt roasting process last, upper leaf is two reciprocal
It does not adopt roasting；When using the three pieces tobacco leaf for only extracing lowest part, without any a piece of tobacco leaf for extracing other positions process when,
Last adopts in roasting process, and top a piece of leaf reciprocal is not adopted roasting.In this way, the inverse two of the topmost of roasting single plant tobacco is not adopted
Piece or a piece of leaf reciprocal just do not appear in sale scene, but stay and use it for anything else, and while raising making up price is reached, realize
The maximization of single plant tobacco value.
Further, in order to improve the growth and development ability of cigarette strain, the application also further row strain to cigarette strain transplanting
Away from being improved, the specially described line-spacing is controlled between 1.1m-1.3m；The spacing in the rows is controlled in 0.45m-0.55m
Between.In this way, it can both improve the illumination of the tobacco leaf of single plant cigarette strain, the confession of soil nutrient is, and then to be carried in single plant cigarette strain body
For more sufficient nutrition.
Embodiment one
1st, technical measures
Transplanting distance between rows and hills is 1.2m × 0.50m.Except every test process of test requirements document progress, measurement, record, investigation etc.
Operation is outer by scheme progress, and other cultivation modulation technique measures are with reference to local High Quality Tobacco production technology scheme implementation.Test data sheet
Primary growth stage, investigation tobacco leaf economical character etc., each cell tobacco leaf, which is listed, to be adopted roasting, and cured tobacco leaf counts production, evaluation respectively, and chooses
The tobacco samples such as X2F, C3F and B2F carry out main chemical compositions analysis, tobacco leaf appearance and inherent quality evaluation.
2nd, result and analysis
2.1 breeding times and economical character
Breeding time application form
The number of sheets is gone to increase with inferior leads, inferior leads maturation time is postponed.The number of sheets is gone to increase with upper leaf, during upper leaf maturation
Between in advance.Breeding time longest is compareed in general, other processing breeding times are basically identical
Economical character application form
2.2 leaf position grades
Each processing plant height, stem girth, pitch and the basic indifference of waist leaf development.Top area discrepancy is larger.Top leaf is gone
Except quantity increases, leaf area increase.Stay leaf do not adopt processing top area and contrast difference it is little.
From the point of view of the genius loci of each leaf position, take down the number of blade in the middle part of on 31 defoliation mode most, upper leaf the piece number
At least.Identical leaf position tobacco leaf can change in different defoliation mode lower portion features, and such as 14-17 pieces leaf is normally staying leaf
In the case of show as upper leaf, and show as middle leaf under 1 defoliation mode on lower 3.Normally staying leaf in 7-8 leaves position
For middle leaf, and it is changed into inferior leads under 1 processing on lower 3.No matter using which kind of defoliation mode, single plant cigarette inferior leads are tieed up always
It holds in 5-6 pieces, and the controllable leeway of upper leaf is larger.The growth that can stimulate 14-17 leaves position using appropriate defoliation mode is sent out
It educates, it is promoted to show middle leaf feature, thus obtain cigarette ratio in the middle part of higher.
2.3 economic characters and hierarchical organization
Economic characters
Hierarchical organization
The first-class cigarette ratio of 1 processing and middle leaf ratio highest, average price highest, but yield are relatively low on lower 3, and the output value is not high.Cause
This technique can effectively promote the first-class cigarette ratio in middle part, but may bring certain loss to the economic benefit of tobacco grower, need
It is implemented in the case of formulating related subsidy policy.From the point of view of topping same day defoliation and Liu Ye do not adopt processing comparison, upper leaf defoliation
Difference is little both during negligible amounts.When upper leaf defoliation is more, leaf is stayed not adopt processing preferable.From the point of view of grade composition, top
Than inferior leads, the proportion in entire grade composition is big, therefore removes inferior leads more for leaf, and the appropriate upper leaf that removes has been best able to
To the effect of optimization grade.
2.4 sensory evaluation
Middle leaf sensory evaluation is 6 scoring highest of processing, and upper leaf sensory evaluation is 2 scoring highest of processing.It can be seen that stay leaf
Abandon adopt be conducive in, the formation of upper tobacco leaf quality.
3 brief summaries
Appropriate removal top and foot leaf can play the role of optimizing grade, can improve first-class cigarette ratio and middle leaf ratio
Example, but yield and the output value can be had some impact on.Identical leaf position tobacco leaf can occur in different defoliation mode lower portion features
Change, no matter using which kind of defoliation mode, single plant cigarette inferior leads maintain 5-6 pieces always, and the controllable leeway of upper leaf is larger.
The growth and development of 14-17 leaves position can be stimulated using appropriate defoliation mode, it is promoted to show middle leaf feature, thus is obtained
Cigarette ratio in the middle part of higher.Upper leaf should not be removed excessively when removing blade, should be subject to the complete hacking of blade, otherwise can be influenced whole
Body yield and top leaf quality.Inferior leads should be taken to remove in time in fertilizer surplus or the excessively prosperous field of cigarette strain growing way, upper leaf stays
The mode that leaf is not adopted, is conducive to later stage nutrient consumption, and tobacco leaf entirety overall structure can be adopted by both having improved, and can also improve quality of tobacco.
But Optimizing Tobacco hierarchical organization and obtain the yield of tobacco output value and can't eat one's cake and have it, leaf is stayed to abandon the technology adopted by lower 31 can
The first-class cigarette ratio in middle part is effectively promoted, but certain loss may be brought to the economic benefit of tobacco grower, needs formulating related subsidy
It is implemented in the case of policy.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of control method that finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature, it is characterised in that：The control method is led to
It crosses after topping stays 20 processes of leaf, the process of the partial blade of removal top and/or bottom Ye Wei positions carries again in due course
The quality of high finished product tobacco leaf,
The topping stays 20 processes of leaf to include the process that removal part footing leaf makes single plant tobacco stay leaf to 20, with
And period is spent to remove the bud at top and/or the process of inflorescence immediately at the beginning of cigarette strain,
The process of the partial blade for removing top and/or bottom Ye Wei positions again in due course refers to complete in topping process
Two tobacco leaves of lowest part are only extractd in the 10th day afterwards, any a piece of tobacco leaf without extracing other positions；Or in topping work
The 10th day three pieces tobacco leaf for only extracing lowest part after the completion of sequence, any a piece of tobacco leaf without extracing other positions,
When using the process control finished product quality of tobacco of removal partial blade again of the 10th day after the completion of process of pinching,
When using two tobacco leaves for only extracing lowest part, without any a piece of tobacco leaf for extracing other positions process when, most
Adopting in roasting process afterwards, two reciprocal of upper leaf are not adopted roasting；
When using the three pieces tobacco leaf for only extracing lowest part, without any a piece of tobacco leaf for extracing other positions process when, most
Adopting in roasting process afterwards, top a piece of leaf reciprocal are not adopted roasting.
2. the control method according to claim 1 that finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature, it is characterised in that：Institute
The process for stating the partial blade for removing top and/or bottom Ye Wei positions again in due course refers on the day of topping process completion
Extract two tobacco leaves of two tobacco leaves of lowest part and topmost respectively simultaneously；Or distinguish simultaneously on the day of topping process completion
Extract a piece of tobacco leaf of lowest part three pieces tobacco leaf and topmost.
3. the control method according to claim 1 or 2 that finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature, feature are existed
In：The control method further includes the control of the line-spacing and spacing in the rows between adjacent cigarette strain.
4. the control method according to claim 3 that finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature, it is characterised in that：Institute
The line-spacing stated is controlled between 1.1m-1.3m.
5. the control method according to claim 3 that finished product quality of tobacco is improved based on leaf position feature, it is characterised in that：Institute
The spacing in the rows stated is controlled between 0.45m-0.55m.
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108523201B (en) * | 2018-03-10 | 2021-07-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for improving economic character of Yunyan 99 and quality of upper tobacco leaves |
| CN108967102B (en) * | 2018-08-07 | 2020-08-04 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Method for improving nicotine content and tobacco quality in tobacco |
| CN114128581A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-04 | 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for improving yield and quality of middle tobacco leaves |
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