CN103461107A - Breeding method for white-type strong female hybrid balsam pears - Google Patents
Breeding method for white-type strong female hybrid balsam pears Download PDFInfo
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- CN103461107A CN103461107A CN2013104222270A CN201310422227A CN103461107A CN 103461107 A CN103461107 A CN 103461107A CN 2013104222270 A CN2013104222270 A CN 2013104222270A CN 201310422227 A CN201310422227 A CN 201310422227A CN 103461107 A CN103461107 A CN 103461107A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for white-type strong female hybrid balsam pears. The breeding method comprises the following steps: selecting a strong female line Q03, and selecting a conventional selfing line C170 and white-type strong female hybrid balsam pear Sichuan balsam pear 77. The invention aims to provide the breeding method for the white-type strong female hybrid balsam pears which are precocious, high in quality and high in yield, and facilitate industrial production. The white-type strong female line Q03 obtained by the technology has strong female genetic stability, precocious fruit, high yield, excellent traits and high resistance; the hybrid combination prepared by utilizing the strong female line Q03 and the conventional selfing line C170 has obvious advantages, the maturity is 3 to 10 days in advance, the yield is increased by over 30 percent compared with the conventional varieties, the commodity of the fruit is close to that of the conventional varieties, and the consumption habit of the area in which people like eating white balsam pears is satisfied; seeds are produced by hybridizing the strong female line Q03, so that the planting cost is low, the processes of binding bud and pollinating artificially in conventional hybrid seed production are reduced, moreover, the seed production yield is high, the production cost is reduced, and the industrial development of balsam pears is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological heterosis utilization technical field, specifically refer to the breeding method of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of a kind of white type.
Background technology
Balsam pear is the annual climbing herb plant of Curcurbitaceae Momordica.All there is cultivation China various places, wherein comparatively general with Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Sichuan.Its unique flavor, nutritious, higher nutritive value and value medical health care are arranged, deeply be subject to liking of consumers in general.Balsam pear is high as high-grade vegetables added value, and along with people, to the nutritive value of balsam pear and re-recognizing of many dietotherapy effects, China's balsam pear production development is rapid, and area under cultivation enlarges year by year.On cropping system, along with market to the increase of balsam pear demand and the requirement of anniversary stable market supply, and the development of vegetables facility and new cultivation technology, the cultivation of balsam pear also changes to four seasons cultivation from traditional conventional cultivation spring and summer.
At present, the Varieties of Balsam Pear type of domestic plantation has landrace, conventional hybridization kind, strong female Hybrid.Landrace mostly are peasant household from reserving seed for planting or adopt systematic breeding, have regional consumption custom, and self yields poorly, as the great Bai of Lanshan County balsam pear, the long white balsam pear in Sichuan, raise sub-continent balsam pear, the long balsam pear in Ji'an, Jiangmen great Ding etc.The conventional hybridization kind adopts conventional system and the hybridization of conventional system, there is certain hybrid vigour, its high yield depends on meticulous culture technique and longer picking time, output, output value luffing are large, the production of hybrid seeds, planting cost are high, and elegant balsam pear as green as Taiwan, moonlight balsam pear etc. are mainly to extend picking time by graft technology to obtain high yield.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to solve above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, and the breeding method of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of a kind of white type is provided.The white type that the method is cultivated is female by force is the balsam pear inheritance stability, fruit early-maturing, and output is high, and proterties is good, resistance.
The breeding method of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of a kind of white type of the present invention, its method comprises the steps:
A. female by force is the seed selection of Q03
The strong female material Q01(Q01 of the green type of the self-fertile obtained with radioinduction is name voluntarily, by Sichuan Province variety certification committee field technique, identify) make donor, the long white balsam pear of the Sichuan landraces of take is recurrent parent, through the Sichuan Province In Spring long-day, temperature selects high female flower ratio individual plant to backcross under condition from low to high, Yunnan short-day in autumn, temperature is high female flower ratio individual plant selfing under condition from high to low, through the circulation seed selection of shuttling back and forth of many generations, obtain the high female flower ratio of white type population material C012(C012 for name voluntarily, the intermediate materials that belongs to breeding), again through directed selection of 4 generations, obtain strong female stable strong female system, called after Q03,
B. the seed selection of conventional inbred line C170
From rich No. one of the conventional long white balsam pear of self-fertile Lu, select the more straight individual plant of sugar-preserved gourd to be purified to through inbreeding of more generation to be called after C170;
C. the seed selection of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type river hardship 77
The strong female Q03 of being of the white type of take is maternal, and the conventional inbred line C170 of the white type of take forms in combo as male parent.
Q03 mid-early maturity in the present invention, the first female flower and is given birth to the joint at 6-8, and growth potential is medium, and the branch performance is stronger, and the general long 30cm of melon, be fusiformis, grass white, meat is crisp tough, and bitter taste is moderate, best in quality; Main climing female flower ratio reaches 90% left and right, and the part plant is pure female plant, and the most 2-5 piece of individual plant male flower number, are distributed on main climing base portion and lateral bine more, and during hybrid seeding, male flower is easily removed.
In the present invention, early the first female flower and is given birth to the 7-9 joint ripe phase of C170, and growth potential is strong, and branchiness is strong, dark green leaf color, and melon is elongated, grass white, the alternate projection of epidermis bar knurl is more shallow, and meat is crisp tough, and bitter taste is heavier, and commodity is good.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following advantage and beneficial effect:
(1) strong female genetic gene is imported to by backcrossing in high-quality conventional white type inbred line, obtain the strong female system of new white type.In the process of seed selection by the seed selection of shuttling back and forth of spring, autumn Various Seasonal condition, utilize the accumulation that backcrosses of the forward additive effect of female-flower rate in spring female by force, utilize the negative sense dominant effect selfing of female-flower rate in autumn to screen high female flower ratio individual plant, the white type obtained by this technology is female by force is the strong female inheritance stability of Q03, fruit properties is good, and resistance strengthens.
(2) utilize the strong female Q03 of being and conventional inbred line to make the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type river hardship 77, this kind hybrid vigour is obvious, the ripe phase is done sth. in advance 3-10 days, output is increased production more than 30% than conventional variety, fruit marketability is close to conventional variety, meet the consumption habit in happiness food white balsam pear zone, and belonged to the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type of domestic first authorization.
(3) utilizing female by force is the Q03 hybrid seeding, and having reduced the conventional hybridization production of hybrid seeds is the operation of manually restrainting the flower bud pollination, and hybrid seed yield is high, reduces the seed production cost, is convenient to the balsam pear industrialized development.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following embodiment, all technology realized based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with the seed selection of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type river hardship 77, the present invention will be described in detail:
A. female by force is the seed selection of Q03
Spring in 1999 in the Deyang, Sichuan take the strong female material Q01 of the green type of self-fertile that radioinduction obtains as maternal, the long white balsam pear of the Sichuan landraces of take is paternal hybrid, autumn in 1999 is in the F1 colony of Yuanjiang County of Yunnan plantation " the white balsam pear of Q01 * length ", and 2 individual plants of selfing, 1 fruit of every individual plant selfing, the results seed.Divide single fruit all to plant the seed of 2 fruits of selfing in autumn in spring in 2000 in the Deyang, Sichuan, during pollination, selecting the high individual plant of female flower ratio to take long white balsam pear backcrosses as recurrent parent, autumn in 2000 is planted backcross population at Yuanjiang County of Yunnan, selects high female flower ratio individual plant selfing during pollination.Divide the single fruit seed that all plantation was gathered in the crops in upper season spring calendar year 2001 in the Deyang, Sichuan, when flowering stage field seed selection, find, in the backcross transformation intermediate materials of numbering C012,6, No. 7 individual plants are many than other plant female flowers, main climing base portion female flower floral organ slight of stature, the above female flower floral organ normal in size of 10 joint, distinguish selfings, hybridization mutually to two individual plants during pollination.Separately propose all plantation to this 4 part materials at Yuanjiang County of Yunnan autumn calendar year 2001, and wherein the performance of material C 012-7/C012-6 Comprehensive Traits field is better, and a large amount of selfing.Start spring in 2002 just only to the C012-7/C012-6 material, to divide single fruit all to plant, select the directed self cross and selection of high female flower ratio individual plant.Through 4 generation spring and autumn directed selection of shuttling back and forth, colony's female flower ratio reaches 90%, the part plant is pure female plant, name " Q03 " in 2005;
B. the seed selection of conventional inbred line C170
Within 2002, from rich No. one of the conventional long white balsam pear of self-fertile Lu, select the more straight individual plant of sugar-preserved gourd to be purified to through inbreeding of more generation to be 2005 called after C170;
C. the seed selection of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type river hardship 77
In the variety comparative test of Q03 combining ability test in early stage, result shows: the ripe phase of combination Q03 * C170, early plant strain growth was vigorous, and the branch ability is strong.The climing female flower of master is many, and extension melon ability is strong, can tie continuously melon.It is low that main climing the first female flower the tight knot position, generally at main climing 8-10 joint.The melon strip, epidermis white, epidermis stalk knurl is alternate, long 30-35cm, fruit is takeed on transverse diameter 5-6cm, the thick 1.1cm of meat, single melon weight 0.3-0.5kg, meat crisp tough, bitter taste is moderate.Heat-resisting, anti-fusarium wilt, middle downy mildew resistance, than the how wet weather of high temperature resistance.Recommend to participate in the multiple spot test, and called after river hardship 77.
2005-2006 river hardship 77 is carried out the multiple spot test in Luzhou, Sichuan, Nanchong, 3 of Deyangs planted in different ecological areas.Result shows (table 1, table 2, table 3): the bitter sowing in 77 spring in river is 79.9 days to beginning to be closed flat, and contrasts the long white balsam pear in Sichuan (CK1) precocious 2 days; Contrast the great Bai of Lanshan County balsam pear (CK2) precocious 9.1 days.The bitter 77 average early yields in river are 1701.4kg/667m
2, the long white balsam pear in Sichuan (CK1) is 1071.3kg/667m
2, than CK1 volume increase 61.1%; The great Bai of Lanshan County balsam pear (CK2) is 1171.5kg/667m
2, than CK2 volume increase 45.9%.The bitter 77 average gross yields in river are 3564.2kg/667m
2, the long white balsam pear in Sichuan (CK1) is 2447.9kg/667m
2, increase production 46.0%; The great Bai of Lanshan County balsam pear (CK2) is 2693.7kg/667m
2, increase production 32.5%.
Bitter 77 multiple spots in table 1 river are tested ripe property
The bitter 77 multiple spot test early yield (kg/667m in table 2 river
2)
| Kind | Luzhou | Nanchong | Deyang | Mean value | Than CK ± % |
| River hardship 77 | 1745 | 1632.5 | 1726.5 | 1701.4 | - |
| Sichuan is long white | 1016.5 | 935 | 1262.5 | 1071.3 | 61.1% |
| The great Bai of Lanshan County | 1093 | 1134.5 | 1287 | 1171.5 | 45.9% |
The bitter 77 multiple spot test gross yield (kg/667m in table 3 river
2)
| Kind | Luzhou | Nanchong | Deyang | Mean value | Than CK ± % |
| River hardship 77 | 3440.5 | 3706 | 3545.5 | 3564.2 | - |
| Sichuan is long white | 2533.5 | 2433 | 2377 | 2447.9 | 46.0% |
| The great Bai of Lanshan County | 2676 | 2830.5 | 2574.5 | 2693.7 | 32.5% |
The bitter 77 culture technique main points in river are as follows:
(1) begin sowing in good time.Sichuan, Chongqing region add at mulch film under the protection facilities such as little shed spring does ealy maturing culture, can sow in late Febuary every 667m
2with planting about 300g, mid or late March field planting; Mid or late March sowing of outdoor cropping, on April, field planting in the middle ten days.
(2) suitable dense planting.Reference Strains is apart from 0.3-0.6m, line-spacing 1.0-1.2m, every 667m
2plant the 1200-1800 strain.
(3) enhance field management.In this kind result set, should use sufficient base manure, at initial stage as a result, impose in time N, P fertilizer, keep ground moistening the time of infertility, tie up when climing in conjunction with training, the root melon of gathering as early as possible, beat lower blade in time in the middle and later periods.
(4) timely collecting: when balsam pear fully grows up to, top starts when shinny to gather.
Breed in river bitter 77, the seeding technique main points are as follows:
The core technology of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type industrialization is the breeding of strong female system and the production of crossbreed seed.
(1) breeding of parental seed should be with more than the 2000m of other kind interval; The seeding production of hybrid seeds should be with more than the 1000m of other kind interval.
(2) due to strong female be that the male flower of Q03 is distributed on the base portion lateral bine more, while therefore breeding, need 4-5d by stages to grow seedlings, provide male flower with the base portion lateral bine, after staying 1～2 leaf pinching or male flower to open after the male flower bud occurring and being aided with artificial pollination, the base portion lateral bine can be extractd.
(3) optimum parental 1:4-6 during the production of hybrid seeds; It is the 4-5 melon that the individual plant optimum stays the melon number; Optimum plant adjustment mode is main climing for only staying, and does not stay lateral bine.
(4) fruit after breeding, production of hybrid seeds time pollination fully expands, epidermis its colour changed into yellow or just can pluck when orange, after-ripening 1-2d after plucking, utilize nylon gauze to wash by rubbing with the hands, clean clean after airing.
Claims (4)
1. the breeding method of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type, its method comprises the steps:
A. female by force is the seed selection of Q03
The strong female material Q01 of the green type of the self-fertile obtained with radioinduction makes donor, the long white balsam pear of the Sichuan landraces of take is recurrent parent, through Sichuan Province In Spring long-day, temperature, under condition, select high female flower ratio individual plant to backcross from low to high, Yunnan short-day in autumn, temperature are selected high female flower ratio individual plant selfing under condition from high to low, through the circulation seed selection of shuttling back and forth of many generations, obtain the high female flower ratio of white type population material C012, then through directed selection of 4 generations, obtain strong female stable strong female system, called after Q03;
B. the seed selection of conventional inbred line C170
From rich No. one of the conventional long white balsam pear of self-fertile Lu, select the more straight individual plant of sugar-preserved gourd to be purified to through inbreeding of more generation to be called after C170;
C. the seed selection of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type river hardship 77
The strong female Q03 of being of the white type of take is maternal, and the conventional inbred line C170 of the white type of take forms in combo as male parent.
2. the breeding method of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of a kind of white type according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described strong female Q03 of being mid-early maturity, and the first female flower and given birth to the joint at 6-8, and in growth potential, the branch performance is stronger, and main climing male flower is few, during hybrid seeding, easily removes.
3. the breeding method of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of a kind of white type according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the ripe phase of described C170 early, the first female flower and is given birth to the 7-9 joint, and growth potential is strong, and branchiness is strong, dark green leaf color, melon is elongated, grass white, and the alternate projection of epidermis bar knurl is more shallow, meat is crisp tough, and bitter taste is heavier.
4. the breeding method of the strong female hybridization balsam pear of a kind of white type according to claim 1, is characterized in that utilizing the strong female Q03 of being and conventional inbred line to make the strong female hybridization balsam pear of white type river hardship 77, and the ripe phase of this kind is done sth. in advance 3-10 days.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104855277A (en) * | 2015-06-14 | 2015-08-26 | 珠海市现代农业发展中心 | Breeding method for bitter gourds with high yield |
| CN108849481A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-23 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of selection of the white Varieties of Balsam Pear of mildew-resistance shell type dril |
| CN111713349A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-09-29 | 达州市飞越农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of novel local characteristic leaping series bitter gourd varieties |
| CN114451290A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-05-10 | 厦门农运来农业技术服务有限公司 | Cultivation method of white oil bitter gourds |
| CN116569834A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield of balsam pear |
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| CN1452858A (en) * | 2003-05-16 | 2003-11-05 | 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Hybrid bitter gourd breeding process |
| CN102948362A (en) * | 2012-10-16 | 2013-03-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Breeding method of low temperature resistant balsam pear |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104855277A (en) * | 2015-06-14 | 2015-08-26 | 珠海市现代农业发展中心 | Breeding method for bitter gourds with high yield |
| CN108849481A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-23 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of selection of the white Varieties of Balsam Pear of mildew-resistance shell type dril |
| CN111713349A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-09-29 | 达州市飞越农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of novel local characteristic leaping series bitter gourd varieties |
| CN114451290A (en) * | 2022-02-12 | 2022-05-10 | 厦门农运来农业技术服务有限公司 | Cultivation method of white oil bitter gourds |
| CN116569834A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield of balsam pear |
| CN116569834B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2024-05-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield of balsam pear |
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Application publication date: 20131225 |