CN114451290A

CN114451290A - Cultivation method of white oil bitter gourds

Info

Publication number: CN114451290A
Application number: CN202210131258.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 臧宁; 汤永强; 来娅娅
Original assignee: Xiamen Agricultural Transport Agricultural Technology Service Co ltd
Current assignee: Xiamen Agricultural Transport Agricultural Technology Service Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-02-12
Filing date: 2022-02-12
Publication date: 2022-05-10
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-12
Also published as: CN114451290B

Abstract

The application discloses a cultivation method of white balsam pears, which belongs to the field of agricultural science and comprises a process of hybridizing a Yuehua balsam pear as a female parent and a Taihuang balsam pear as a male parent to obtain an F1 generation and performing continuous selfing on the F1 generation to obtain a white balsam pear variety. The bitter gourd tea has the effect of improving the bitter gourd taste and improving the stability of the bitter gourd genetic character.

Description

Cultivation method of white oil bitter gourds

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of agricultural science, in particular to a cultivation method of white balsam pears.

Background

The balsam pear is also called as summer melon, is native to east India, is widely cultivated in tropical to temperate regions, belongs to the balsam pear genus of pumpkin family of Cucurbitaceae, and is a vegetable crop with fresh food and medicinal functions.

The balsam pear has higher nutritional and medicinal values, contains various bioactive plant components, such as alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, gallic acid and the like, and has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, nourishing blood and qi, tonifying kidney and spleen, nourishing liver and improving eyesight and the like. In the daily diet, more balsam pear has a plurality of benefits to the body; however, bitter gourds have a large bitter taste, and even after being stir-fried, pickled and the like, many people still have no way to accept the taste of the bitter gourds.

At present, the bitter gourds of different varieties are generally hybridized to achieve the effect of improving the mouthfeel of the bitter gourds; however, the genetic traits of the balsam pears obtained by hybridization are unstable, so that the balsam pears are not suitable for seed reservation, and the problems of trait segregation, reduced heterosis and reduced yield are caused from the second generation.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to improve the mouthfeel of the bitter gourds and improve the stability of the hereditary characters of the bitter gourds, the application provides a cultivation mode of the white bitter gourds.

The application provides a cultivation mode of white balsam pear adopts following technical scheme:

a cultivation method of white balsam pear comprises the following steps:

s1, breeding female parent: the method comprises the steps of taking the Yuanhua bitter gourds as an original resource, taking pure white fruit peel, bright fruit surface, strong growth and strong continuous fruit setting capacity as breeding targets, adopting a continuous selfing method, selecting single plants of 5 generations, and mixing and reserving seeds to obtain a female parent;

s2, male parent breeding: taking Taihuang balsam pear as an original resource, taking the aims of emerald green fruit skin, plump fruit shape, coarse tumor among coarse ribs, strong growth and strong continuous fruit setting capacity as breeding targets, adopting a continuous selfing method, selecting single plants of 5 generations, and mixing and reserving seeds to obtain a male parent;

s3, cross breeding: hybridizing the male parent and the female parent obtained in the steps S1 and S2, and collecting pollen of the male parent plant to perform artificial pollination hybridization on the female parent plant to obtain an F1 generation;

s4, selfing and purifying: and (4) continuously selfing the F1 generation obtained in the step (S3), and taking the slender fruit type, the flush tail, the straight and slender streak and the white color, the brightness and the glossiness of the peel of the balsam pear fruit as breeding targets to obtain a white balsam pear variety.

Preferably, in the step S4, the white balsam pear variety can be obtained by F1 generations of continuous selfing 4-6 generations.

By adopting the technical scheme, the Yuehua bitter gourds and the Taihuang bitter gourds are used as original resources, the hybrid breeding is carried out on the Yuehua bitter gourds and the Taihuang bitter gourds to obtain F1 generations, then the F1 generations are subjected to continuous selfing for 4-6 generations, the fruit types are selected to be slender, flush and blunt-tailed, the streak is straight and slender according to the shapes of the bitter gourds, the color of the peel is white, the brightness and the glossiness are taken as breeding targets, so that the white bitter gourds with light bitter taste and good mouthfeel can be selected, the genetic character of the bitter gourds is stable, the problems of character separation after seed reservation, reduced heterosis and the like are few.

Preferably, the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 all include a floating seedling raising operation, where the floating seedling raising operation is to use a formed foam grid tray as a seedling raising tray in a vinyl house, fill a seedling raising medium in the seedling raising tray, and float the seedling raising tray in a water pool containing a nutrient solution to complete the cultivation of the bitter gourd seeds in the processes of germination, growth, seedling formation and the like.

By adopting the technical scheme, the operation of floating seedling is adopted in the cultivation process of the white oil balsam pear variety, so that the effects of improving the seedling strengthening rate of the balsam pear seedlings, reducing the harm of the disease cordyceps to the balsam pear seedlings and improving the growth speed of the balsam pear seedlings after seedling transplantation are realized.

Preferably, the nutrient solution comprises an catechu extract.

Preferably, the nutrient solution contains 3% -5% of catechu extract.

By adopting the technical scheme, the catechu is a traditional Chinese medicine, the catechu extract prepared by the method contains glycosides, quinones, lignans and other components, 0.5-1.3mg/L of the catechu extract is added into nutrient solution to culture bitter gourd seedlings, and the effect of promoting the root growth of the bitter gourd seedlings can be realized.

Preferably, the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 each include a pollination operation, and the pollination operation includes the steps of fitting female flowers of the female parent one day afternoon before pollination, picking up strong male flowers from the male parent plant and packing the flowers into a pollination box, and applying pollen of the male flowers to the female flowers of the female parent sufficiently uniformly.

Preferably, the pollination time in the pollination operation is as follows: spring and summer are 8:00 before morning and autumn and winter are 10:00 after morning.

By adopting the technical scheme, the female flowers of the female parent are sleeved before pollination, so that the interference of foreign pollen is reduced; moreover, the time suitable for pollination is selected according to different climates in different seasons, pollination is carried out before 8:00 in the morning of spring and summer and 10:00 in the morning of autumn and winter, so that pollination of female flowers is facilitated, and the effect of improving the maturing rate can be realized.

Preferably, the land used for planting the bitter gourds is subjected to soil modification treatment, in the soil modification treatment, 30-35 kg of hydrated lime is broadcast to each mu of land in a low-temperature period in winter, the soil is dug deeply by 20-30 cm, and the soil is fertilized through freeze thawing for two or three months.

By adopting the technical scheme, the land used is modified during cultivation of the bitter gourds, slaked lime is spread to the land at a low temperature, the soil is dug deeply for 20-30 cm, and the increase of the fertilizer of the land is realized by using the weather.

Preferably, the planting density of the male parent, the female parent and the F1 generation is 950-1050 strains/mu.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the balsam pear is for trailing vegetables, and the vigor is strong, and the lateral vine is more, plants the balsam pear plant according to 950 supplanting one's expenses density 1050 plants/mu, does benefit to the ventilation printing opacity of plant in the growth process, has improved a tub efficiency, is favorable to the growth of balsam pear plant.

Preferably, in the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4, after the floating seedling raising operation is completed, the bitter gourd seedlings are transplanted into a greenhouse, and wood vinegar liquid is sprayed on the leaves of the bitter gourd seedlings.

By adopting the technical scheme, the pyroligneous liquor is a liquid product obtained by condensing and separating organic volatile matters derived from the woody biomass in the pyrolysis and carbonization processes, a plurality of trace substances contained in the pyroligneous liquor have a natural organic comprehensive balance effect, and after the bitter gourd seedlings are transplanted into a greenhouse, the pyroligneous liquor is sprayed on the leaves of the bitter gourd seedlings, so that the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C in the bitter gourd seedlings is improved, and the effect of improving the taste of the bitter gourd is realized.

In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

(1) the method comprises the steps of hybridizing a Yuehua balsam pear serving as a female parent and a Taihuang balsam pear serving as a male parent to obtain an F1 generation, continuously selfing the F1 generation, and finally cultivating to obtain a white balsam pear variety with stable genetic character, wherein the white balsam pear variety has light bitter taste and better mouthfeel compared with common varieties on the market, and the later generations obtained by reserving seeds and cultivating the white balsam pear variety have fewer problems of character separation, heterosis, yield reduction and the like;

(2) the operation of floating seedling culture is adopted in the process of bitter gourd seedling culture, and in the process of floating seedling culture, the nutrient solution added with the catechu extract is used for culturing the bitter gourd seedling, so that the effects of improving the seedling strengthening rate of the bitter gourd seedling and the growth speed of the bitter gourd seedling after seedling transplantation are realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph of the root system of the seedlings of Momordica charantia obtained in example 1 after the seedlings were raised with the nutrient solution containing the catechu extract at various concentrations;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing white balsam pear in example 3.

Detailed Description

The reagents involved in the present application are as follows:

seeds of Yuehua Momordica charantia (Nongyou Co.);

taihuang balsam pear seeds (thailand big seeds company);

pyroligneous liquor (Shijiazhuang Huazhuo activated carbon production Co., Ltd.);

full water soluble compound fertilizer (Jiangsu Yima fertilizer Co., Ltd.).

The application provides a cultivation method of white balsam pears, which comprises the following steps:

s4, selfing and purifying: and (4) continuously selfing the F1 generation obtained in the step (S3) for 4-6 generations, and taking the slender, flush tail, straight and slender bar tumors of the balsam pear fruits and the white, bright and glossy pericarp as breeding targets to obtain the white balsam pear variety.

In steps S1, S2, S3 and S4, performing seedling raising on the bitter gourd plant by using a floating seedling raising operation, using a formed foam grid tray as a seedling raising tray in the vinyl house, filling a seedling raising substrate in the seedling raising tray, floating the seedling raising tray in a water pool containing a nutrient solution, placing bitter gourd seeds in the seedling raising tray for raising, and completing the processes of seed germination, growth and seedling formation; wherein the culture solution used in the floating seedling operation contains 3% -5% Catechu extract.

Also, steps S1, S2, S3, and S4 further include a pollination operation in which: firstly, the female flowers of the female parent are sleeved in the afternoon one day before pollination, so that the pollination of insects is avoided; secondly, picking robust male flowers on the male parent plant before pollination, and placing the picked male flowers in a pollination box for storage; finally, before 8:00 in the morning of spring and summer and 10:00 in the morning of autumn and winter, finding female flowers on the female parent plant, taking out male flowers, exposing stamens of the male flowers with two hands, holding the male flowers with one hand and holding the female flowers with the other hand, and fully and uniformly coating pollen of the male flowers on the female flowers.

In addition, before the balsam pear is planted, soil used for balsam pear planting is subjected to soil modification treatment, 30-35 kg of hydrated lime is spread to each mu of soil in a low-temperature period in winter, the soil is dug deeply for 20-30 cm, and the soil is fertilized through freeze thawing for two or three months, so that the effect of improving the soil fertility is realized; and the balsam pear seedlings obtained by the floating seedling raising operation are planted on the treated land according to the planting density of 950-1050 plants/mu, and the leaves of the balsam pear seedlings are sprayed with wood vinegar after being transplanted.

Example 1 operation of float seedling

Floating seedling culture, also called floating planting, is a new seedling culture method, which floats a foam plug tray filled with a light seedling culture substrate in a water pool containing nutrient solution, seeds are sown in the substrate, seedlings grow in the seedling culture substrate by rooting, and water and nutrients can be absorbed from the substrate and the water pool.

The seedling raising substrate is prepared by mixing peat soil, vermiculite and perlite, and has the advantages of good air permeability and light material weight; the nutrient solution is prepared by adding 0.95-1.05kg of full water-soluble compound fertilizer into 1.0t of tap water, and the tap water is required to be kept stand for 1-2 days before the full water-soluble compound fertilizer is added.

In this example, 0, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% of catechu extract was further added to the nutrient solution, and fig. 1 is a root system diagram of balsam pear seedlings obtained after the seedlings were raised with the nutrient solution containing the catechu extract at different concentrations. As can be seen from the figure 1, when the concentration of the catechu extract in the nutrient solution is 3-5%, the root system of the balsam pear seedlings grows vigorously, which shows that the addition of the catechu extract 3-5% in the nutrient solution can promote the growth of the root system of the balsam pear seedlings and realize the effect of improving the seedling strengthening rate of the balsam pear seedlings.

Example 2 spraying of Vinegar solution

The pyroligneous liquor is also called plant acid, is a liquid product obtained by condensing and separating organic volatile matters generated in the pyrolysis and carbonization processes of the woody biomass, is essentially a mixture of polar substances and nonpolar substances, and contains organic compounds such as phenols, ketones, acids and the like.

In this example, commercial wood vinegar was used, diluted to different times, sprayed on the leaves of bitter gourd seedlings, and volunteers were invited to taste the bitter gourds resulting from the above bitter gourd plants, and scored for bitterness and mouthfeel of the bitter gourds, and needed to rinse the mouth before each taste, with statistical results as shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

The average and Coefficient of Variation (CV) of the bitterness and mouthfeel scores of the bitter melon fruits by 100 volunteers are shown in table 1. As can be seen from table 1, the new variety of white balsam pears bred by hybridization has a significantly reduced bitterness compared with both the yuehua balsam pears and the taihuang balsam pears and has a better mouthfeel by using the yuehua balsam pears and the taihuang balsam pears as original resources; meanwhile, the vinegar liquid diluted by 500 times of 300-fold is sprayed in the cultivation process of the bitter gourd seedlings, and the taste of the bitter gourd can also be improved.

Example 3 white balsam pear variety

As shown in FIG. 2, the white balsam pear obtained by the method has a long and thin fruit shape with a length of 30-42cm, and has white peel brightness, glossiness and color, and better fruit shape.

The white balsam pear seeds obtained by the cultivation are planted to obtain balsam pear plants and harvest balsam pear fruits, seeds are reserved after each harvest to be used as seeds for the next planting, the excellent plant rate of each generation in 10 generations of white balsam pear planting is counted by taking the fruit shape, the peel and the taste of the balsam pear fruits as selection standards of the excellent plants, and the statistical results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the white balsam pear planted in the 10 generations still has higher excellent plant rate, and the numerical value of the excellent plant rate fluctuates within a certain range, which indicates that the white balsam pear variety cultivated by the method has higher stability of genetic character, and the problems of character separation and reduced heterosis are less generated after the white balsam pear variety is reserved.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating white balsam pears is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. A method for cultivating white balsam pear according to claim 1, wherein the F1 is selfed continuously for 4-6 generations in the step S4 to obtain the white balsam pear variety.

3. A cultivating manner of the white balsam pear according to claim 1, wherein the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 all comprise a floating seedling cultivation operation, the floating seedling cultivation refers to cultivating the balsam pear seeds in a greenhouse by using a formed foam tray as a seedling tray, filling seedling substrates into the seedling tray, and floating the seedling tray in a water pool containing nutrient solution.

4. A method of claim 3, wherein the nutrient solution comprises Catechu extract.

5. A method of claim 4, wherein the nutrient solution comprises 3% to 5% catechu extract.

6. A method of cultivating a white balsam pear according to claim 1, wherein the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4 each comprise a pollination operation, the pollination operation comprising the steps of topping female parent flowers one day after pollination, picking up strong male flowers from the male parent plant and placing the male flowers in the pollination box, and applying the male flowers to the female parent flowers substantially uniformly.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the pollination time in the pollination operation is: spring and summer are 8:00 before morning and autumn and winter are 10:00 after morning.

8. A cultivation method of white balsam pear according to claim 1, wherein the land used for balsam pear planting is subjected to soil modification treatment, wherein in the soil modification treatment, 30 to 35 kg of slaked lime is broadcast to each mu of land in the winter at low temperature, the soil is dug deeply for 20 to 30 cm, and the soil is fertilized through freeze thawing for two to three months.

9. A cultivation method of white balsam pear according to claim 1, wherein the planting density of the male parent, the female parent and the F1 generation is 950-.

10. A cultivating method of a white balsam pear according to claim 3, wherein in the steps S1, S2, S3 and S4, the balsam pear seedlings are transplanted into the greenhouse after the floating seedling raising operation is completed, and wood vinegar liquid is sprayed to the leaves of the balsam pear seedlings.