CN1415184A - Cultivation method for matching fine breed of hsien rice type compound glutinous rice of superior quality and High yield with characters of prematurity and anti-calamities - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for cultivating the long-grained rice-type glutinous rice features that the purification, rejuvenescence, and "three-plot system" (individual plant plot, line plot, and elite plot) isolating reproduction are used. Its advantages are earlier ripe, higher resistance to disease, pest, high temp and low temp. high quality (rich amino acids), and high yield.

Description

A kind of fine breed of hsien rice type compound glutinous rice of superior quality and High yield with characters of prematurity and anti-calamities cultivation method for matching

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of rice cultivating technique, particularly a kind of fine breed of hsien rice type compound glutinous rice of superior quality and High yield with characters of prematurity and anti-calamities cultivation method for matching.

Two, background technology

The main target of current variety of crops both at home and abroad improvement is to take charge of the breeding work that draws of high yield, high-quality, multi-resistant rice severely.China since over a long period of time be with the rice yield high yield as main draw, breeding objective.On Rice Production, once made major contribution as the short and sticking paddy hybrid rice of pearl (two, ternary hybrid rice).But the not strong problem of poor quality, resistance also appearred in China's large tracts of land Rice Production.As the Chongqing City Tongliang County XX Zhen Cun family hybrid rice underproduction problem of on June 1st, 2002 at Chongqing Evening News headline publication, and for example serious rice blast takes place in Chongqing City's Yunyang County high and cold mountain area paddy rice in 1993, hangs neck pest etc. this county hybrid rice output was had a strong impact on.In recent years it is on the high side to meet rainwater again, and it is serious that hybrid rice is met low temperature cold damage seedling rot in earlier stage, and the later stage is met the high temperature wet injury, damage by disease and insect is more, and hybrid rice produces and is affected again in various degree.The problem of glutinous rice variety in addition affects the development and the raising of the glutinous system food in reservoir area of Three Gorges always.At the past paddy rice in seed selection, draw the problem that exists aspect the breeding, Rice Production particularly glutinous rice production should be main grabbing output, changes into to grab output, the high yield that lays equal stress on both quality and quantity, high-quality, many anti-new rice varieties as at present and in the future long-range mission.

Three, summary of the invention

For realizing above-mentioned target, the invention provides a kind of fine breed of hsien rice type compound glutinous rice of superior quality and High yield with characters of prematurity and anti-calamities corresponding cultivation techniques.Its technology contents is as follows:

A kind of fine breed of hsien rice type compound glutinous rice of superior quality and High yield with characters of prematurity and anti-calamities cultivation method for matching, " three-field system " isolation propagation method of employing purification and rejuvenation, single plant nursery, strain nursery, original seed farm:

1) purification and rejuvenation program: introduce compound breeding then in general big field, after the spring sowing, hang choosing before the autumn harvest;

2) set up the individual selection field in 1 year, planting individual plant is the 1000-2000 strain, and the spacing of individual plant is 12-15cm, and line-spacing 18-22cm carries out three times in seedling stage, heading stage, maturing stage and selects, and ear selection 100-200 individual plant fringe carries out single receipts, single storage by individual plant when ripe;

3) strain in 1 year system relatively identifies, when competition is identified, chooses respectively three times in seedling stage, heading stage, maturing stage, and selected 5-10 strain system carries out single receipts, single storage by strain system when ripe again;

4) the 3rd year, the breeding of strain system in breeding, had removing at any time of making a variation and mix as finding, to guarantee the purity of seed.

Described individual selection field requires the field piece of medium fertility soil property, and water conservancy is convenient, carries out organic foot fertile, strengthen seedling, rarely plant, individual plant plants.

Sowing time and seed treatment: be stabilized in more than 10 ℃ at temperature, sow to " Clear and Bright " before and after " Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) "; The fine solarization after 0.5-1 days of seed choosing soaked seed 1-2 days with 45-50 ℃ of warm water before the sowing, quick pregermination is soaked seed about one day with urging to urge agent to add in the entry, after treating that the seed immersion is risen, the filter solid carbon dioxide is prepared broken duff charcoal ash again, " compound glutinous rice " seed-grain mixing that rises with immersion, its seed-grain is 1: 1 with the ratio of charcoal ash, be loaded in wooden barrel or watt alms bowl, lid straw one centimeter thick film that seals is again put and can be sprouted by root of hair in indoor the warm 1-2 of place days;

The seeding quantity and the length of time rice seedlings grow: cultivate the strong seedling of tillering, " two sections seedling " mu need the amount of broadcasting about 1 kilogram; One section seedling of light seeding epiphragma or open country water-raised seedling, the rice seedling bed mu of cultivating the strong seedling of tillering are broadcast about 20 kilograms length of time rice seedlings grow 30-40 days; Once cultivate the rice seedling bed mu of the strong seedling of tillering and broadcast the 10-15 kilogram, the length of time rice seedlings grow can be deferred to about 45 days; Two sections seedlings add up to seedling age must not surpass 50 days.

" compound glutinous rice " that adopt the indica type compound glutinous rice breeding of the present invention cultivation method for matching to cultivate has precocity, promptly waits glutinous rice kind precocity more than 10 day than " fragrant glutinous "; Resist is high blast resisting, bacterial leaf-blight, rice fulgorid more, goes back high temperature resistance wet injury, chilling injury; The indica type glutinous rice that high-quality is promptly produced is superior in quality, 17 seed amino acids through chemically examining out, and wherein four seed amino acids such as cystine, lysine exceed more than a few percent to a times than general glutinous rice.The glutinous rice of mixing about 30% just can be made the rice dumpling, and with compound glutinous peach sheet cake, compound glutinous fermented glutinour rice, compound glutinous glutinous rice cake that " compound glutinous rice " is made, the above-mentioned glutinous system food of making than general glutinous rice is glutinous nice again, color and luster such as white jade, moist good to eat.Than farming flat two be glutinous rice, in several glutinous rice varieties such as glutinous No. good, suitable with the high price glutinous rice of Thailand; High yield is about 500 kilograms of average yield per mus, than about 600 kilograms of large tracts of land per mu yields, more than 700 kilogram of the highest per mu yield; Brown rice yield 77% is national grade ii standard; Polished rice rate about 70% is first of current many glutinous rices.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the indica type compound glutinous rice breeding of a present invention cultivation method for matching flow chart.

Five, embodiment

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention adopts " three-field system " isolation propagation method of purification and rejuvenation, single plant nursery, strain nursery, original seed farm.The present invention is that draw breeding and the supporting high yield that combines of cultivation of a kind of indica type " compound glutinous rice " breeding introduced a fine variety and carried out culture technique before the ripe results then.For example introduce Canadian " compound glutinous rice " breeding, then " compound glutinous rice " breeding of introducing is carried out the purification and rejuvenation program: sow in spring in general big field, hang choosing before the autumn harvest; After the ear selection, set up the individual selection field in 1 year, the seed selection field requires the field piece of medium fertility soil property, and water conservancy is convenient, carries out organic foot fertile, strengthen seedling, rarely plant, individual plant plants, the spacing of individual plant is 12-15cm, about line-spacing 20cm, planting individual plant is the 1000-2000 strain, will carry out three times in seedling stage, heading stage, maturing stage and select, ear selection 100-200 individual plant fringe carries out single receipts, single storage by individual plant when ripe; For carrying out strain system, identifies relatively next year, when competition is identified, must choose respectively three times that selected 5-10 strain system carries out single receipts, single storage by strain system when ripe again, is the next year preferred seed in seedling stage, heading stage, maturing stage; Next year is the breeding of strain system again, in breeding, as finding will removing at any time of making a variation and mix is arranged, to guarantee the purity of seed; Be single plant nursery, strain nursery, original seed farm " three-field system " isolation breeding, purification and rejuvenation were finished in 3 years; The seed selection Purification must accomplish that one specially is that the special messenger is responsible for; Two prevent to go rotten, prevent the harm of disease worm mouse sparrow; Three is clearly cleaned seeds, apparatus and solarization dam; Four singly is single receipts, singles, the single solarization and single storage, and two sternly promptly be strictly on guard against and mix, be strictly on guard against mistake, guarantees purity height, the Functionality, quality and appealing design of seed; Following one agronomy has following several agronomic technique requirements on culture technique:

1. sowing time and seed treatment: be stabilized in more than 10 ℃ at temperature, sow to " Clear and Bright " before and after " Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) ", the fine solarization after 0.5-1 days of choosing soaked seed 1-2 days with 45-50 ℃ of warm water before the sowing, quick pregermination is soaked seed about one day with urging to urge agent to add in the entry, after treating that the seed immersion is risen, the filter solid carbon dioxide, prepare broken duff charcoal ash again, " compound glutinous rice " seed-grain mixing that rises with immersion, its seed-grain is 1: 1 with the ratio of charcoal ash, be loaded in wooden barrel or watt alms bowl, lid straw one centimeter thick film that seals is again put and can be sprouted by root of hair in indoor the warm 1-2 of place days; Prepare the rice seedling bed, about the long 1cm of root, when bud was now white, inclined to one side planting early enough in the proper seeding scope was taked drought to educate the epiphragma seedling and also can suitably be shifted to an earlier date vernalization early sowing before and after " rainwater "; Drought is educated the employing " two sections seedling " or the light seeding epiphragma of heavy seeding, but the strong seedling of many tillers is once cultivated in the also moistening light seeding of open country; The soil of nursery stage can carry out acid adjustment (PH3-4) and handle, and strengthens cold resistance; Two seasons " compound glutinous " late rice, seed soaking before and after " Grain in Ear ", rare sowing seeds at the beginning of mid-June once cultivated the healthy and strong rice shoots of many tillers.One season " compound glutinous " late rice, at the end of May, soak kind " Grain in Ear " preceding having spread at the beginning of 6 months.

2. the seeding quantity and the length of time rice seedlings grow: cultivate the strong seedling of tillering, " two sections seedling " mu need the amount of broadcasting about 1 kilogram; One section seedling of light seeding epiphragma or open country water-raised seedling, the rice seedling bed mu of cultivating the strong seedling of tillering are broadcast about 20 kilograms length of time rice seedlings grow 30-40 days; Once cultivate the rice seedling bed mu of the strong seedling of tillering and broadcast the 10-15 kilogram, the length of time rice seedlings grow can be deferred to about 45 days; Two sections seedling total seedling ages must not be above 50 days.Strengthen young plants management, strict impurity elimination removes barnyard grass, prevents blue or green withered and damping off; " compound glutinous rice " rice shoot leaf is narrow, upright, short and small, the leaf look dark green, is the key character that is different from other glutinous rice and sticking paddy two, series of three-series hybrid rice seedling.

3. Honda plantation specification is handled with long root: " compound glutinous rice " is medium root and stem of certain plants ability, high light efficiency plant type structure, must be when transplanting seedlings according to the fertility in field, east, head west to, plant 20 * 13cm or (26+13) * 10-13cm or 17 * 17cm, every root and stem of certain plants is planted the strain of 1-2 grain, sends out the tillered nursery plant that root and stem of certain plants 6-7 tiller contains main fringe, assurance mu is planted 2.0-2.5 ten thousand nests, basic seedling 18-20 ten thousand tiller fringes; When transplanting seedlings, long as finding root system, can cut short the root system to the 2cm, surface planting is short turns green fast.

4. fertilizing method: based on fertilizer, Honda is using sufficient base fertilizer, early imposing on the basis of short fetilizer for tillering, to the benefit organic fertilizer a little less than the seedling, and about 10 kilograms in all available nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer or compound fertile about 20 kilograms or urea; The rice seedling bed aspire to tri-leaf period after, early execute " tillering fertilizer ", transplant seedlings and execute " send and transfer fertilizer " about the last week, short its grows up to many fork slice, thin piece seedlings; Stay 5-7 before results days shallow waters that hold ratoon rice to execute short seed manure,, join and execute nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 8-10 kilogram based on fertilizer; Stay 7 cun left and right sides rice Chinese toons after the early rice harvesting, received back about 5 days, it is that main people and animals' pig manure water 15-20 chooses the short seed manure of left and right sides Po Shi that mu imposes fertilizer, about 5 kilograms in also available nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 8-14 kilogram or urea; Rob fine ninety percent yellow maturity of receiving, the morning, the rice bundle of results was put in airing on the rice Chinese toon, regained indoor threshing afternoon, must guard against with mixing bucket and took paddy.

5. planting conditions: " compound glutinous rice " suitable planting is at height above sea level below about 1000 meters, all can plantation " Shan is excellent ", " D be excellent ", the place of " hilllock is excellent " serial indica type series of three-series hybrid rice, all suitable planting " compound glutinous rice "; Fields such as optimum preceding crop rape, lima bean, vegetables high post fertilizer.In addition, the ratoon rice area also can be stayed and hold " compound glutinous " ratoon rice.

The defective that exists: seedling seedling lower temperature resistance is poor, and the acid adjustment cultivation can improve low temperature resistant ability; Go out fringe and meet continous rain hot weather be easy to get a small amount of several " aspergillus diseasees " stage of yellow ripeness; Above-mentioned damage by disease and insect rice shoot and Honda all can spray agricultural chemicals in the phase.Taking to extract in buried the burying in " aspergillus disease " grain back to avoid propagate next year.In insect pest years such as serious snout moth's larva, rice leaf roller, gently feel snout moth's larva, tortrix moth than hybrid rice, also can not must spraying pesticide.Adopt insect pest to sprout the initial stage, manual removal's pieces of an egg burn, buried, and anti-overweighting controlled.

This breeding is basically without the pollution-free food glutinous rice breeding of agricultural chemicals " nuisanceless ".

The fine breed of hsien rice type compound glutinous rice of superior quality and High yield with characters of prematurity and anti-calamities corresponding cultivation techniques that the present invention relates to, at first on seed, work hard, find out " compound glutinous rice " breeding and isolate breeding " three-field system " purification and rejuvenation and select excellently, keep heredity to plant property, progressively improve the ecological breeding of repeatedly using and not waning; Secondly in conjunction with advanced new technology in the present age,, broadcast in drought and educate water pipe in the quick high-quality vernalization of seed, multipath is cultivated the strong seedling of the many forks of the many tillers of low level, plants in the higher field piece of the content of organic matter, and science is made good use of fertilizer, water then, need fertile, law of needing the water by paddy rice physiology different growth stage, science is used; Do not need or substantially without agricultural chemicals, with fertilizer based on fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer, add critical period root outer spraying multi-component composite fertilizer, use the natural zero-tillage method, the weather forecasting macro-control drops into by microcosmic hard technology, captures the high yield and bumper harvest of the green glutinous system food high-quality breeding of China's " compound glutinous rice ".

Claims (3)

1, a kind of fine breed of hsien rice type compound glutinous rice of superior quality and High yield with characters of prematurity and anti-calamities cultivation method for matching is characterized in that adopting " three-field system " of purification and rejuvenation, single plant nursery, strain nursery, original seed farm to isolate propagation method, and its concrete steps are:

1) purification and rejuvenation program: introduce compound breeding then in general big field, after the spring sowing, hang choosing before the autumn harvest;

2) set up the individual selection field in 1 year, planting individual plant is the 1000-2000 strain, and the spacing of individual plant is 12-15cm, and line-spacing 18-22cm carries out three times in seedling stage, heading stage, maturing stage and selects, and ear selection 100-200 individual plant fringe carries out single receipts, single storage by individual plant when ripe;

3) 1 year, strain system relatively identified, when competition is identified, chose respectively three times in seedling stage, heading stage, maturing stage, and selected 5-10 strain system carries out single receipts, single storage by strain system when ripe again;

4) the 3rd year, the breeding of strain system in breeding, had removing at any time of making a variation and mix as finding, to guarantee the purity of seed.

2, compound glutinous rice breeding cultivation method for matching according to claim 1 is characterized in that described individual selection field, requires the field piece of medium fertility soil property, and water conservancy is convenient, carries out organic foot fertile, strengthen seedling, rarely plant, individual plant plants.

3, compound glutinous rice breeding cultivation method for matching according to claim 1 is characterized in that sowing time and seed treatment: be stabilized in more than 10 ℃ at temperature, sow to " Clear and Bright " before and after " Waking of Insects (3rd solar term) "; The fine solarization after 0.5-1 days of choosing soaked seed 1-2 days with 45-50 ℃ of warm water before the sowing, quick pregermination is soaked seed about one day with urging to urge agent to add in the entry, after treating that the seed immersion is risen, the filter solid carbon dioxide is prepared broken duff charcoal ash again, " compound glutinous rice " seed-grain mixing that rises with immersion, its seed-grain is 1: 1 with the ratio of charcoal ash, be loaded in wooden barrel or watt alms bowl, lid straw one centimeter thick film that seals is again put and can be sprouted by root of hair in indoor the warm 1-2 of place days;

The seeding quantity and the length of time rice seedlings grow: cultivate the strong seedling of tillering, " two sections seedling " mu need the amount of broadcasting about 1 kilogram; One section seedling of light seeding epiphragma or open country water-raised seedling, the rice seedling bed mu of cultivating the strong seedling of tillering are broadcast about 20 kilograms length of time rice seedlings grow 30-40 days; Once cultivate the rice seedling bed mu of the strong seedling of tillering and broadcast the 10-15 kilogram, the length of time rice seedlings grow can be deferred to about 45 days; Two sections seedlings add up to seedling age must not surpass 50 days.

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