CN104206243A - Method for improving lateral branch rooting survival rate and seed reproduction quality of radish - Google Patents
Method for improving lateral branch rooting survival rate and seed reproduction quality of radish Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the lateral branch rooting survival rate and the seed reproduction quality of radish. The method comprises the following steps: a second-stage lateral branch is taken as a cutting branch, after the cut-off lateral branch heals naturally, the cut-off lateral branch is soaked in an indolebutyric acid solution for 10 seconds and then inserted in a seedbed substrate composed of coco coir, vermiculite and mushroom dreg; a mixed solution containing Huabao No.1, Huabao No.2 and naphthylacetic acid is sprayed on the branch so that the branch can be acclimated and then survives; when new leaves come out, transplanting is performed by use of an underground simple culture tank filled with planting soil which is composed of coco coir, vermiculite, mushroom dreg and decomposed cow dung; after the cutting lateral branch survives, ventilation and light illumination are realized, Huabao No.1 and Huabao No.2 are sprayed, and after seeds are mature, the seeds are harvested. The method for improving the lateral branch rooting survival rate and the seed reproduction quality of the radish has the advantages that the method of rooting by use of the second-stage cutting lateral branch of the radish is adopted, a new method is provided for solving the problem of seed reproduction material loss of the radish due to the infringement of soft rot, the plants cultured by use of the method are well developed in root system, high in transplanting survival rate, and stable in heritability, and furthermore, the seed reproduction can be saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cuttage root-taking and breeding technique field, be specifically related to a kind of radish lateral branch cutting high-quality breeding method of taking root.
Background technology
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) has another name called radish, is one of long popular vegetables of China's cultivation history, existing 2700 so far above cultivation histories.Radish is not only a kind of vegetables, and human body 30 various diseases are all had to certain curative effect, so liked by everybody.The cultivated area of radish is in continuous expansion at present, and output is also progressively improving, also more and more about the research of radish aspect.
Radish originates in temperate zone, is half cold resistance biennial plant, and it is nourished and grown and crosses over two calendar years with reproductive growth, and growth cycle is long, causes uncontrollable factor in breeding process to increase.Radish soft rot is the Major Diseases existing during reproductive growth, all has distribution in China radish producing region, and wherein, serious with the morbidity of northern area, the Yellow River, the production loss causing because of soft rot every year reaches 30%-60%.Radish soft rot is to infect by carrot soft rot Erwinia carrot soft maize ear rot subspecies (Erwinia carotovora pv.carotovora) a kind of bacterial disease causing, its cause of disease is mainly survived in soil, when condition is suitable, invades and carries out just infecting and infecting from wound.Conventionally in radish reproductive growth period, soft rot morbidity is slower, and appearance symptom is not obvious, often because control causes a lot of materials cannot gather in the crops seed not in time, if do not taken effective measures, will cause material to be lost.Radish adopts the method for cuttage side shoot, can solve the radish problem that causes germplasm to be lost due to soft rot in process of reserving seed for planting, but the radish side shoot of cuttage, owing to there is no main root, only has lateral root, and root layer is more shallow, has a difficult problem that is difficult for surviving.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of the invention is to solve the breeding material loss problem causing because encroached on by soft rot in radish reproductive process in spring, set up the method for raising radish reproductive growth lateral branch cutting in the period survival rate of a set of maturation, guarantee to take high quality seed, and can accelerate the breeding speed of radish.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality, it is characterized in that,
(1) cuttage branch is selected:
Choose length and reach 20-25cm, the thick 0.5-0.8cm of stem, healthy and strong anosis, 2 grades of side shoots with 2-4 sheet leaf as cuttage side shoot; After side shoot is chosen, it is cut gently from base portion with sharp blade, otch is level and smooth, and shear-face angle is 30-40 degree;
(2) cuttage:
The side shoot of cutting is placed to wound normal healing in shady and cool lee side; Carry out again cuttage second by be immersed in root-growing agent indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution of concentration 0.75-0.85g/L 8-12 as the base portion of the radish secondary side shoot of cuttage;
(3) cuttage root-taking domestication survives:
Medium of seedling bed is counted by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag=5:4.5-5.5:3.5-4.5, pH value 6.0-6.5;
Nutrition Management: adopt following mixed liquor to spray, spray for 2-3 days 1 time, until transplant; Described mixed liquor is formulated by following method: spends No., treasured and spends precious adding water for No. two directly to dissolve, and the constant volume that adds water after 95% ethanol dissolving for methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA), more above-mentioned two kinds of solution are mixed; In described mixed liquor, spending No., treasured, spending the mass ratio of No. two, treasured and methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 5.5-6.5:1:3.8-4.2, and preferred proportion is 6:1:4.Preferred, in mixed liquor, the content of each composition is: spend a precious 0.6g/l, spend precious No. two 0.1g/l, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.4g/l.
(4) transplant in good time:
When young leaves grows, just can take out transplanting; Under in winter brooder, dig the degree of depth and be the underground simple and easy cultivating groove of 20-30cm and transplant, in groove, place field planting soil; Described field planting soil is counted by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag: the cow dung=1:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 becoming thoroughly decomposed, pH value 7.2-7.8;
(5) cultivation management:
After cuttage side shoot survives, ventilation and penetrating light, adopts following mixed fertilizer to spray and topdresses, and every 3-4 days sprays 1 time, sprays altogether 1 month, after seed maturity, gathers in the crops; Described mixed fertilizer be by spend precious No. one and spend precious being dissolved in water for No. two after formulated, described spending precious No. one and to spend the mass ratio of precious No. two be 1:2-3, preferred proportion is 1:2.5.Preferred, the each component content of mixed fertilizer is: spend a precious 1.0g/l and spend precious No. two 2.5g/l.
Preferably, described step (1) is cut time of side shoot can be before morning 9:00, and afternoon, 16:00 carried out later.
Preferably, the domestication of described step (3) cuttage root-taking survives as follows:
Temperature, humidity: keep 25 ± 3 DEG C of temperature in booth, minimum should be lower than 15 DEG C, the temperature cooling of shading while exceeding 28 DEG C.Keep ambient humidity at 75-85%.
Illumination: radish lateral branch cutting survives the weak illumination condition of stage requirement to taking root, shading can be used sunshade net, and general shading rate is advisable with 50%-60%; After 10 days, reduce gradually sunshade to natural daylight.
Preferably, described step (3) cutting density is controlled at 15-20cm, and cuttage severity control is at 3-4cm.
Preferably, the medium of seedling bed of described step (3), before cuttage in advance with carrying out disinfection containing 0.2% potassium permanganate or with high-temperature sterilization pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C.
Preferably, the underground simple and easy cultivating groove of described step (4) is: width 40cm suitable for reading, end opening width 25cm, degree of depth 25cm, separation 65-70cm.
Preferably, described step (4) plantation density is controlled at 30-40cm, and severity control is at 4-6cm.
Described bacterium slag is edible fungi residue, as the bacterium slag of the edible mushrooms such as Asparagus, straw mushroom, flat mushroom, mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae.The field planting soil humidity of the medium of seedling bed of described step (3) and step (4) all agglomerating to hold, fall into ground distributor after unclamping and scatter and be advisable.
Although 1 grade of side shoot seed thousand kernel weight of radish is larger, second-rate (germination vigor, bud ratio, emergence rate are all lower), this be because 1 grade of side shoot seed development period on the occasion of plant nutrition most hotly competitive period.2,3 grades of side shoot seed qualities are best, and ECIWO research angle is set out, and can think that radish is middle part dominant crop.With the optimal quality of 2, the 3 grades of side shoot seeds in middle part, thereby take the seed of 2,3 grades of branches to be used as to plant, have stronger growth vigor.But 3 grades of collateral generation phases are more late, not easy to drawing materials, therefore the present invention selects 2 grades of more suitable side shoots to carry out cuttage root-taking.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts the method that 2 grades of lateral branch cuttings of radish are taken root, and has increased new method for saving radish because disease causes germplasm to run off.The excellent germplasm that the method obtains can improve kind and the value of kind.
2, the plant that adopts the inventive method to cultivate, well developed root system, transplanting survival rate is high.When traditional cuttage branch is transplanted, be easy to root to cause damage, thereby affect transplanting survival rate.Field planting soil of the present invention adopts loose soilless substrate, is more conducive to the absorption of plant nutrition moisture, when transplanting, can not cause damage to root, has improved transplanting survival rate.
What 3, the present invention adopted grows seedlings soil for faintly acid matrix, is beneficial to and takes root, and the field planting soil of employing is alkalescent matrix, is beneficial to strong sprout.The medicament imposing has equivalent effect.
4, convenient operation management of the present invention, easy to learn.Adopt that the survival rate of plant cultivated of the inventive method is high, heritability stable, save the breeding time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cuttage side shoot figure of taking root, as can be seen from Figure 1: the plant that adopts the inventive method to cultivate, well developed root system, transplanting survival rate is high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, radish reproductive growth lateral branch cutting in period breeding method of the present invention is described in detail; thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
Embodiment 1 (the radish varieties Wei Wei county green grass or young crops that the present embodiment is selected)
(1) cuttage branch is selected:
Choose length and reach 20-25cm, the thick 0.5-0.8cm of stem, healthy and strong anosis, 2 grades of side shoots with 2-4 sheet leaf as cuttage side shoot.After side shoot is chosen, it is cut gently from base portion with sharp blade, otch is level and smooth, and shear-face angle is 30-40 degree.The time of cutting side shoot can be before morning 9:00, and afternoon, 16:00 carried out later.
(2) cuttage
The side shoot of cutting is put 40min left and right in shady and cool lee side, is beneficial to wound normal healing.To first be immersed in indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution of concentration 800mg/L 10 seconds as the base portion of the radish secondary side shoot of cuttage.When immersion, make side shoot be kept upright, reagent liquid level is 1/5 left and right of side shoot height.The brooder 3-5 month in winter can be carried out cuttage, should not be 10:30 to 3:30 cuttage during this period of time except hot weather, and all the other periods all can cuttage.By secondary lateral branch cutting be equipped with matrix (matrix in advance with carry out disinfection containing 0.2% potassium permanganate or with high-temperature sterilization pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C) cave carry out Routine Management in coiling.During Routine Management, should clear up in time the rotten branch of deadwood, ensure that slotting machine is clean.
(3) cuttage root-taking domestication survives condition:
Seedbed: substrate composition (meter by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag=5:5:4, pH value 6.0-6.5); Humidity is agglomerating to hold, fall into ground distributor after unclamping scatters and is advisable; Cutting density is controlled at 15-20cm, and cuttage severity control is at 3-4cm;
Temperature, humidity: keep 25 DEG C of left and right of temperature in booth, minimum should be lower than 15 DEG C, the temperature cooling of shading while exceeding 28 DEG C.Keep ambient humidity at 75-85%;
Illumination: radish lateral branch cutting survives the weak illumination condition of stage requirement to taking root, shading can be used sunshade net, and general shading rate is advisable with 50%-60%; After 10 days, reduce gradually sunshade to natural daylight;
Nutrition Management: adopt following mixed liquor to spray, spray for 2-3 days 1 time, until transplant (generally spraying 15-20 days);
The composition of described mixed liquor and content are: spend a precious 0.6g/l, spend precious No. two 0.1g/l and methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) 0.4g/l; Compound method: form solution A with precious being dissolved in 1L water for No. two of spending of 0.2g by precious spending of 1.2g No. one; After the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 0.8g (NAA) is dissolved with 95% ethanol, water is settled to 1L and forms solution B; Solution A and solution B are pressed to equal-volume than mixing.
Remarks: spend precious No. one, by middle day horticultural production, main component: nitrogen 7%, water-soluble phosphoric anhydride 6%, water soluble oxidized potassium 19%.Spend precious No. two, by middle day horticultural production, main component: nitrogen 20%, water-soluble phosphoric anhydride 20%, water soluble oxidized potassium 20%.(4) transplant in good time:
When young leaves grows, just can take out transplanting.Under in winter brooder, dig cultivating groove, underground simple and easy cultivating groove, width 40cm suitable for reading, end opening width 25cm, degree of depth 25cm.Length is determined according to the width in greenhouse, separation 65-70cm.Cultivating groove is generally south-north direction.In groove, place field planting soil, field planting soil proportioning (meter by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag: the cow dung=1:1:1:1 becoming thoroughly decomposed, pH value 7.2-7.8).Plantation density is controlled at 30-40cm, and severity control is at 4-6cm.
(5) cultivation management
After side shoot survives, should note ventilation and penetrating light, more will notice that duty topdresses, adopt following mixed fertilizer to spray, every 3-4 days sprays 1 time, sprays altogether 1 month; The composition of described mixed fertilizer and content are: spend a precious 1.0g/l and spend precious No. two 2.5g/l; Compound method is: spending in the precious water that is dissolved in 1L for No. two of spending of No., treasured and 2.5g and get final product 1.0g.
Water and should repeatedly carry out on a small quantity.General survival rate is more than 80%.In the time that spray grows to 40-50cm, can suitably prune away the bad adnation branch of sick and weak carefully short, the flower bud development of part, promote that spray fully grows and concentrated nutrient bears pods, ensure that seed is full, and built fixes, to prevent lodging.
(6) results seed:
Bloom pollination after 40 days seed ripe, when radish kind pod 70%-80% jaundice becomes dry, can gather in the crops.Seed can be gathered in batches, receives one for ripe one, makes seed full maturity as far as possible, and seed is gathered in the crops rear airing, threshing in time, basked seeds, and in the time that seed moisture content drops to below 8%, can put preservation in storage.The breeding result of different materials is as shown in table 1.
The breeding result of table 1 different materials
Above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any way, and every employing is equal to replaces or technical scheme that the mode of equivalent transformation obtains all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality, is characterized in that,
(1) cuttage branch is selected:
2 grades of side shoots that choose length 20-25cm, the thick 0.5-0.8cm of stem, stalwartness is anosis, have 2-4 sheet leaf are as cuttage side shoot; After cuttage side shoot is chosen, it is cut from base portion with blade, otch is level and smooth, and shear-face angle is 30-40 degree;
(2) cuttage:
The cuttage side shoot of cutting is placed to wound normal healing in shady and cool lee side; The base portion of cuttage side shoot is immersed in the root-growing agent indolebutyric acid solution of concentration 0.75-0.85g/L to 8-12 and carries out again cuttage second;
(3) cuttage root-taking domestication survives:
Medium of seedling bed is counted by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag=5:4.5-5.5:3.5-4.5, pH value 6.0-6.5;
Nutrition Management: adopt following mixed liquor to spray, spray for 2-3 days 1 time, until transplant; Described mixed liquor is formulated by following method: spends No., treasured and spends precious adding water for No. two directly to dissolve, and the constant volume that adds water after 95% ethanol dissolving for methyl α-naphthyl acetate, more above-mentioned two kinds of solution are mixed; In described mixed liquor, spending No., treasured, spending the mass ratio of No. two, treasured and methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 5.5-6.5:1:3.8-4.2;
(4) transplant in good time:
When young leaves grows, just can take out transplanting; Under in winter brooder, dig the degree of depth and be the underground simple and easy cultivating groove of 20-30cm and transplant, in groove, place field planting soil; Described field planting soil is counted by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag: the cow dung=1:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 becoming thoroughly decomposed, pH value 7.2-7.8;
(5) cultivation management:
After cuttage side shoot survives, adopt following mixed fertilizer to spray and topdress, every 3-4 days sprays 1 time, sprays altogether 1 month, after seed maturity, gathers in the crops; Described mixed fertilizer be by spend precious No. one and spend precious being dissolved in water for No. two after formulated, described spending precious No. one and to spend the mass ratio of precious No. two be 1:2-3.
2. a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, it is as follows that the domestication of described step (3) cuttage root-taking survives regulation and control:
Temperature, humidity: in booth, keep 25 ± 3 DEG C of temperature; Keep ambient humidity at 75-85%;
Illumination: it is 50-60% that radish lateral branch cutting survives stage shading rate to taking root; After 10 days, reduce gradually sunshade to natural daylight.
3. a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (3) cutting density is controlled at 15-20cm, and cuttage severity control is at 3-4cm.
4. a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the medium of seedling bed of described step (3), before cuttage in advance with carrying out disinfection containing 0.2% potassium permanganate or with high-temperature sterilization pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C.
5. a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the underground simple and easy cultivating groove of described step (4) is: width 40cm suitable for reading, end opening width 25cm, degree of depth 25cm, separation 65-70cm.
6. a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (4) plantation density is controlled at 30-40cm, and severity control is at 4-6cm.
7. a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as described in any one in claim 1-6, is characterized in that, in the mixed liquor of described step (3), spending No., treasured, spending the mass ratio of No. two, treasured and methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 6:1:4; In the mixed fertilizer of described step (5), spending precious No. one is 1:2.5 with the mass ratio of spending precious No. two.
8. a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described step (3) mixed liquor, the content of each composition is: spend a precious 0.6g/l, spend precious No. two 0.1g/l, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.4g/l; In described step (5) mixed fertilizer, each component content is: spend a precious 1.0g/l and spend precious No. two 2.5g/l.
9. a kind of method that improves radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the time that described step (1) is cut side shoot, afternoon, 16:00 carried out later before morning 9:00.
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| CN111869444B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-04-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rescue breeding method for jasmine |
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