CN104206243B - A kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality - Google Patents
A kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN104206243B CN104206243B CN201410522184.8A CN201410522184A CN104206243B CN 104206243 B CN104206243 B CN 104206243B CN 201410522184 A CN201410522184 A CN 201410522184A CN 104206243 B CN104206243 B CN 104206243B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality.The method adopts 2 grades of side shoots as cuttage side shoot, soaks 10 seconds after the side shoot normal healing cut in indolebutyric acid solution, then carries out cuttage on the medium of seedling bed of coconut palm chaff, vermiculite and bacterium slag composition; Adopt containing spending precious No. one, spend the mixed liquor of precious No. two and methyl α-naphthyl acetate to carry out spraying domestication to survive; When young leaves grows, adopt underground simple and easy cultivating groove to transplant, it is native to place definite value be made up of coconut palm chaff, vermiculite, bacterium slag and the cow dung become thoroughly decomposed in groove; After cuttage side shoot survives, ventilation and penetrating light, adopts and spends No. one, treasured and spend precious No. two to spray, gather in the crops after seed maturity.The method that the present invention adopts radish 2 grades of lateral branch cuttings to take root, provides a kind of new method, the plant that the method is cultivated for saving radish because encroaching on the breeding material caused problem of losing by soft rot, well developed root system, transplanting survival rate is high, and heritability is stablized, and saves the breeding time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cuttage root-taking and breeding technique field, be specifically related to a kind of radish lateral branch cutting and take root high-quality breeding method.
Background technology
Radish (RaphanussativusL.) has another name called radish, is one of long popular vegetables of China's cultivation history, the cultivation history of existing more than 2700 so far.Radish is not only a kind of vegetables, all has certain curative effect to human body 30 various diseases, so deeply like by everybody.The cultivated area of current radish is in continuous expansion, and output is also progressively improving, and the research in radish also gets more and more.
Radish originates in temperate zone, is half cold resistance biennial plant, and it is nourished and grown and crosses over two calendar years with reproductive growth, and growth cycle is long, causes uncontrollable factor in breeding process to increase.The Major Diseases existed during radish soft rot is reproductive growth, all has distribution in China radish producing region, and wherein, serious with the morbidity of northern area, the Yellow River, the production loss caused because of soft rot every year reaches 30%-60%.Radish soft rot infects by carrot soft rot Erwinia carrot soft maize ear rot subspecies (Erwiniacarotovorapv.carotovora) a kind of bacterial disease caused, its cause of disease is mainly survived in soil, invades carry out First aggression and infect when condition is suitable for from wound.Usually in radish reproductive growth period, soft rot morbidity is comparatively slow, and outward signs is not obvious, often because control causes a lot of material to gather in the crops seed not in time, if do not taken effective measures, material will be caused to lose.Radish adopts the method for cuttage side shoot, can solve radish and reserve seed for planting due to the problem that soft rot causes kind of matter to be lost in process, but the radish side shoot of cuttage, owing to not having main root, only have side root, root layer is more shallow, there is the difficult problem not easily survived.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of the invention is to solve in radish reproductive process in spring and lose problem because encroaching on the breeding material caused by soft rot, set up the method for raising radish reproductive growth lateral branch cutting in the period survival rate of a set of maturation, guarantee to take high quality seed, and the breeding speed of radish can be accelerated.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality, is characterized in that,
(1) cuttage branch is selected:
Choose length and reach 20-25cm, the thick 0.5-0.8cm of stem, healthy and strong anosis, 2 grades of side shoots with 2-4 sheet leaf as cuttage side shoot; After side shoot is chosen, it cut gently from base portion with sharp blade, otch is level and smooth, and shear-face angle is 30-40 degree;
(2) cuttage:
The side shoot cut is placed to wound normal healing in shady and cool lee side; The base portion of the radish secondary side shoot being used as cuttage is immersed in 8-12 in root-growing agent indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution of concentration 0.75-0.85g/L and carries out cuttage again second;
(3) cuttage root-taking domestication survives:
Medium of seedling bed is counted by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag=5:4.5-5.5:3.5-4.5, pH value 6.0-6.5;
Nutrition Management: adopt following mixed liquor to spray, sprays 1 time in 2-3 days, until transplant; Described mixed liquor is formulated by following method: spend No. one, treasured and spend the precious No. two directly dissolvings that add water, methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) constant volume that adds water after 95% ethanol dissolving, then by above-mentioned two kinds of solution mixing; Spend precious No. one in described mixed liquor, spend the mass ratio of No. two, treasured and methyl α-naphthyl acetate to be 5.5-6.5:1:3.8-4.2, preferred proportion is 6:1:4.Preferred, in mixed liquor, the content of each composition is: spend a precious 0.6g/l, spend precious No. two 0.1g/l, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.4g/l.
(4) transplant in good time:
When young leaves grows, just transplanting can be taken out; Digging the degree of depth under in winter brooder is that the simple and easy cultivating groove in underground of 20-30cm is transplanted, and places field planting soil in groove; Described field planting soil is counted by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag: the cow dung=1:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 become thoroughly decomposed, pH value 7.2-7.8;
(5) cultivation management:
After cuttage side shoot survives, ventilation and penetrating light, adopt following mixed fertilizer to carry out spraying topdressing, every 3-4 days sprays 1 time, sprays 1 month altogether, gathers in the crops after seed maturity; Described mixed fertilizer be by spend precious No. one and spend precious No. two be dissolved in water after formulated, describedly spend precious No. one and spend the mass ratio of precious No. two to be 1:2-3, preferred proportion is 1:2.5.Preferred, each component content of mixed fertilizer is: spend a precious 1.0g/l and spend precious No. two 2.5g/l.
Preferably, described step (1) cuts time of side shoot can before morning 9:00, and carry out after 16:00 in the afternoon.
Preferably, the domestication of described step (3) cuttage root-taking survives as follows:
Epidemic disaster: keep temperature 25 ± 3 DEG C in booth, minimum should lower than 15 DEG C, cooling of shading when temperature is more than 28 DEG C.Keep ambient humidity at 75-85%.
Illumination: radish lateral branch cutting survives demands low-light condition to taking root, shading can use sunshade net, and general shading rate is advisable with 50%-60%; Sunshade is reduced gradually to natural daylight after 10 days.
Preferably, described step (3) cutting density controls at 15-20cm, and cuttage severity control is at 3-4cm.
Preferably, the medium of seedling bed of described step (3), in advance with to carry out disinfection containing 0.2% potassium permanganate or with high-temperature sterilization pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C before cuttage.
Preferably, the simple and easy cultivating groove in described step (4) underground is: width 40cm suitable for reading, end opening width 25cm, degree of depth 25cm, separation 65-70cm.
Preferably, described step (4) plantation density controls at 30-40cm, and severity control is at 4-6cm.
Described bacterium slag is edible fungi residue, as the bacterium slag of the edible mushrooms such as Asparagus, straw mushroom, flat mushroom, mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae.The field planting soil humidity of the medium of seedling bed of described step (3) and step (4) all with hold agglomerating, unclamp after fall into ground distributor and scatter and be advisable.
Although radish 1 grade of side shoot seed thousand kernel weight is comparatively large, second-rate (germination vigor, bud ratio, emergence rate are all lower), this is because 1 grade of side shoot times during seed development is on the occasion of plant nutrition most hotly competitive period.2,3 grades of side shoot seed qualities are best, and ECIWO research angle is set out, and can think that radish is middle part dominant crop.With the optimal quality of 2, the 3 grades of side shoot seeds in middle part, thus take the seed of 2,3 grades of branches to be used as to plant, have stronger growth vigor.But 3 grades of collateral generation phases are more late, not easy to drawing materials, therefore the present invention selects 2 grades of more suitable side shoots to carry out cuttage root-taking.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts the method that radish 2 grades of lateral branch cuttings are taken root, and adds new method for saving radish because disease causes kind of matter to run off.The excellent germplasm that the method obtains can improve kind and the value of kind.
2, the plant adopting the inventive method to cultivate, well developed root system, transplanting survival rate is high.When traditional cuttage branch is transplanted, be easy to cause damage to root, thus affect transplanting survival rate.Field planting soil of the present invention adopts loose soilless substrate, is more conducive to the absorption of plant nutrition moisture, can not causes damage, improve transplanting survival rate during transplanting to root.
3, the nursery soil that the present invention adopts is faintly acid matrix, and be beneficial to and take root, the field planting soil of employing is alkalescent matrix, is beneficial to strong sprout.The medicament imposed has equivalent effect.
4, convenient operation management of the present invention, easy to learn.The survival rate of plant adopting the inventive method to cultivate is high, heritability is stablized, and saves the breeding time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that cuttage side shoot is taken root figure, as can be seen from Figure 1: adopt the plant that the inventive method is cultivated, well developed root system, transplanting survival rate is high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, radish reproductive growth lateral branch cutting in period breeding method of the present invention is described in detail; can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1 (the present embodiment select radish varieties be that Weihe River county is blue or green)
(1) cuttage branch is selected:
Choose length and reach 20-25cm, the thick 0.5-0.8cm of stem, healthy and strong anosis, 2 grades of side shoots with 2-4 sheet leaf as cuttage side shoot.After side shoot is chosen, it cut gently from base portion with sharp blade, otch is level and smooth, and shear-face angle is 30-40 degree.The time of cutting side shoot can before morning 9:00, and carry out after 16:00 in the afternoon.
(2) cuttage
The side shoot cut puts about 40min in shady and cool lee side, is beneficial to wound normal healing.The base portion of radish secondary side shoot being used as cuttage to be first immersed in indolebutyric acid (IBA) solution of concentration 800mg/L 10 seconds.Make side shoot be kept upright during immersion, reagent liquid level is about 1/5 of side shoot height.The brooder 3-5 month in winter can carry out cuttage, and except hot weather should not except 10:30 to 3:30 during this period of time cuttage, all the other periods all can cuttage.By secondary lateral branch cutting be equipped with matrix (matrix in advance with carry out disinfection containing 0.2% potassium permanganate or with high-temperature sterilization pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C) cave coil in carry out Routine Management.The rotten branch of deadwood should be cleared up in time during Routine Management, ensure that slotting machine cleans.
(3) cuttage root-taking domestication survives condition:
Seedbed: substrate composition (counting by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag=5:5:4, pH value 6.0-6.5); Humidity with hold agglomerating, unclamp after fall into ground distributor and scatter and be advisable; Cutting density controls at 15-20cm, and cuttage severity control is at 3-4cm;
Epidemic disaster: keep temperature about 25 DEG C in booth, minimum should lower than 15 DEG C, cooling of shading when temperature is more than 28 DEG C.Keep ambient humidity at 75-85%;
Illumination: radish lateral branch cutting survives demands low-light condition to taking root, shading can use sunshade net, and general shading rate is advisable with 50%-60%; Sunshade is reduced gradually to natural daylight after 10 days;
Nutrition Management: adopt following mixed liquor to spray, sprays 1 time in 2-3 days, until transplant (generally spraying 15-20 days);
The composition of described mixed liquor and content are: spend a precious 0.6g/l, spend precious No. two 0.1g/l and methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) 0.4g/l; Compound method: 1.2g spent that precious No. one and 0.2g's spend precious No. two to be dissolved in 1L water and to form solution A; Be settled to 1L with water after being dissolved with 95% ethanol by the methyl α-naphthyl acetate (NAA) of 0.8g and form solution B; Solution A and solution B are pressed equal-volume than mixing.
Remarks: spend precious No. one, by middle sky horticultural production, main component: nitrogen 7%, water-soluble phosphoric anhydride 6%, water soluble oxidized potassium 19%.Spend precious No. two, by middle sky horticultural production, main component: nitrogen 20%, water-soluble phosphoric anhydride 20%, water soluble oxidized potassium 20%.(4) transplant in good time:
When young leaves grows, just transplanting can be taken out.Cultivating groove is dug, the simple and easy cultivating groove in underground, width 40cm suitable for reading, end opening width 25cm, degree of depth 25cm under in winter brooder.Length is determined according to the width in greenhouse, separation 65-70cm.Cultivating groove is generally south-north direction.Field planting soil is placed, field planting soil proportioning (counting by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag: the cow dung=1:1:1:1 become thoroughly decomposed, pH value 7.2-7.8) in groove.Plantation density controls at 30-40cm, and severity control is at 4-6cm.
(5) cultivation management
After side shoot survives, should note ventilation and penetrating light, more will notice that duty is topdressed, adopt following mixed fertilizer to spray, every 3-4 days sprays 1 time, sprays 1 month altogether; The composition of described mixed fertilizer and content are: spend a precious 1.0g/l and spend precious No. two 2.5g/l; Compound method is: No. two, the treasured of spending of No. one, treasured and 2.5g of spending of 1.0g is dissolved in the water of 1L and is get final product.
Water and should repeatedly carry out on a small quantity.General survival rate more than 80%.When spray grows to 40-50cm, suitably can prune away the raw branch in the sick and weak carefully side that short, flower bud development is bad of part, promote that spray fully grows and concentrated nutrient bears pods, ensure that seed is full, and built be fixed, to prevent lodging.
(6) seed is gathered in the crops:
Bloom pollination after 40 days seed namely ripe, become dry when radish kind pod 70%-80% turns to be yellow, can gather in the crops.Seed can be gathered in batches, receives one, makes seed full maturity as far as possible, timely airing, threshing after seed harvest, to bask seeds, can put preservation in storage when seed moisture content drops to below 8% for ripe one.The breeding result of different materials is as shown in table 1.
The breeding result of table 1 different materials
Above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any way, and the technical scheme that the mode that every employing is equal to replacement or equivalent transformation obtains all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. improve a method for radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality, it is characterized in that,
(1) cuttage side shoot is selected:
The 2 grades of side shoots choose length 20-25cm, the thick 0.5-0.8cm of stem, stalwartness is anosis, having 2-4 sheet leaf are as cuttage side shoot; It cuts from base portion with blade after choosing by cuttage side shoot, and otch is level and smooth, and shear-face angle is 30-40 degree;
(2) cuttage:
The cuttage side shoot cut is placed to wound normal healing in shady and cool lee side; The base portion of cuttage side shoot is immersed in 8-12 in the root-growing agent indolebutyric acid solution of concentration 0.75-0.85g/L and carries out cuttage again second;
(3) cuttage root-taking domestication survives:
Medium of seedling bed is counted by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag=5:4.5-5.5:3.5-4.5, pH value 6.0-6.5;
Nutrition Management: adopt following mixed liquor to spray, sprays 1 time in 2-3 days, until transplant; Described mixed liquor is formulated by following method: spend No. one, treasured and spend the precious No. two directly dissolvings that add water, the methyl α-naphthyl acetate constant volume that adds water after 95% ethanol dissolving, then mixed by above-mentioned solution; Spend precious No. one in described mixed liquor, spend the mass ratio of No. two, treasured and methyl α-naphthyl acetate to be 5.5-6.5:1:3.8-4.2;
(4) transplant in good time:
When young leaves grows, just transplanting can be taken out; Digging the degree of depth under in winter brooder is that the simple and easy cultivating groove in underground of 20-30cm is transplanted, and places field planting soil in groove; Described field planting soil is counted by volume, coconut palm chaff: vermiculite: bacterium slag: the cow dung=1:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2 become thoroughly decomposed, pH value 7.2-7.8;
(5) cultivation management:
After cuttage side shoot survives, adopt following mixed fertilizer to carry out spraying topdressing, every 3-4 days sprays 1 time, sprays 1 month altogether, gathers in the crops after seed maturity; Described mixed fertilizer be by spend precious No. one and spend precious No. two be dissolved in water after formulated, describedly spend precious No. one and spend the mass ratio of precious No. two to be 1:2-3.
2. a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, it is as follows that the domestication of described step (3) cuttage root-taking survives regulation and control:
Epidemic disaster: keep temperature 25 ± 3 DEG C in booth; Keep ambient humidity at 75-85%;
Illumination: it is 50-60% that radish lateral branch cutting survives stage shading rate to taking root; Sunshade is reduced gradually to natural daylight after 10 days.
3. a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (3) cutting density controls at 15-20cm, and cuttage severity control is at 3-4cm.
4. a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the medium of seedling bed of described step (3), in advance with to carry out disinfection containing 0.2% potassium permanganate or with high-temperature sterilization pot sterilizing 20min at 121 DEG C before cuttage.
5. a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the simple and easy cultivating groove in described step (4) underground is: width 40cm suitable for reading, end opening width 25cm, degree of depth 25cm, separation 65-70cm.
6. a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (4) plantation density controls at 30-40cm, and severity control is at 4-6cm.
7. the mass ratio of precious No. two and methyl α-naphthyl acetate of as a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality in claim 1-6 as described in any one, it is characterized in that, spend precious No. in the mixed liquor of described step (3), spend is 6:1:4; Precious No. one and spend the mass ratio of precious No. two to be 1:2.5 is spent in the mixed fertilizer of described step (5).
8. a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, in described step (3) mixed liquor, the content of each composition is: spend a precious 0.6g/l, spend precious No. two 0.1g/l, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 0.4g/l; In described step (5) mixed fertilizer, each component content is: spend a precious 1.0g/l and spend precious No. two 2.5g/l.
9. a kind of method improving radish side shoot root survival and breeding quality as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (1) time of cutting side shoot, carried out after 16:00 in the afternoon before morning 9:00.
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| CN106212227B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-12-03 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of radish lateral branch cutting breeding method of convenient and efficient |
| CN106212229B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-12-03 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of mating system of the extremely resistance to bolting radish germplasm in Shandong District |
| CN106365815A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Humic acid water flush fertilizer applicable for secondary salinization lands in Yellow River irrigated areas |
| CN107879801A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-06 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of method that bacteria residue matrix makes and soilless culture utilizes |
| CN109197461B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-12-29 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Radish seed cultivation method |
| CN111869444B (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2022-04-12 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Rescue breeding method for jasmine |
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| CN1214708C (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2005-08-17 | 梅时勇 | Rapid breeding selection method of novel radish variety |
| CN101444166A (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2009-06-03 | 冯海龙 | Easy and quick propagating method for lance asiabell root |
| CN102090233A (en) * | 2009-12-14 | 2011-06-15 | 李秀云 | Cultivation technique for radishes |
| CN101946599B (en) * | 2010-07-12 | 2012-09-19 | 阜南县农业科学研究所 | High yield culturing technique for early spring summer radish in small plastic house |
| CN102144469A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-08-10 | 刘孝学 | High-yield seedling culturing method of radishes |
| CN102919020B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2015-09-30 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mountain summer radish open-field culture method |
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