CN109197461B - Radish seed cultivation method - Google Patents
Radish seed cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197461B CN109197461B CN201811223081.6A CN201811223081A CN109197461B CN 109197461 B CN109197461 B CN 109197461B CN 201811223081 A CN201811223081 A CN 201811223081A CN 109197461 B CN109197461 B CN 109197461B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a radish seed cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing fermented rice hulls; (2) fertilizing and preparing soil according to normal requirements of a plant nursery, digging plant holes and airing for at least one week; (3) in sunny days, the radish seed plants are pulled out from the material garden, then placed in seed holes for airing for 1 day, and the night is noticed for freezing prevention; (4) preparing planting soil for the seeds; (5) filling plant holes with the plant planting soil prepared in the step (4) for planting the plants, and then covering field soil to prevent the plants from lodging; (6) watering after planting, and normally managing after survival. The method reduces the incidence of overwintering cultivation of radish seed plants in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, aims at the fact that the plant bodies of the radish seed plants are damaged and easily infected by pathogenic bacteria in the transplanting and planting process and influence the breeding work, and can inhibit the infection of harmful bacteria, reduce the use of pesticides and ensure the smooth development of the radish breeding work by utilizing the characteristics of poor water-holding capacity of rice husks and soil loosening of rice and combining the fermentation of EM microbial inoculum and the preparation and use of coconut husk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radish breeding, and particularly relates to an efficient cultivation method for radish seed plant transplantation.
Background
Radish (radish sativus L.) also called radish and radish reed is an important vegetable of radish of Brassicaceae. Radish can bloom only through low-temperature vernalization, so radish breeding work in middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river needs to be carried out in autumn every year, after the radish is grown, seed plants are selected and transplanted, most of leaves are cut before the seed plants are transplanted, and only growth points at the stem bases are reserved. Some radish roots are too long and large, and can be planted in a seed plant garden after parts of the radish roots are cut off, so that radish seed plants are seriously damaged in the transplanting process, have numerous wounds and are easily infected by various pathogenic bacteria.
The transplanting time of radish seed plants in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is in the low-temperature season of autumn and winter, the seed plants grow slowly after being transplanted and fixed, pollination is started after the radish seed plants bloom in the spring of the next year after the low temperature of months, and the seed harvesting lasts for 6 months, which is the early summer. Although the greenhouse facility is basically and comprehensively applied to radish seed plant cultivation in the last two years, and has obvious rain sheltering effect, the humidity in the greenhouse is still high due to continuous rainy days. With the increase of extreme abnormal weather, the temperature in the greenhouse can obviously rise in sunny days in winter season and in sunny days, the occurrence of diseases of radish seeds is accidental and sudden due to the fact that frost is occasionally alternated with high temperature and is accompanied with a high-humidity greenhouse environment within several months, and the radish seeds are mainly radish roots which are deeply buried and are rich in nutrient substances, so that the chemical prevention effect is poor.
The prevention measures for the radish seed diseases are seed plant permanent planting with drugs, seed plant soaking disinfection and the like, but the prevention methods have short time and unstable effect, and a large amount of drugs are used for destroying the soil ecological environment, so that the sustainable utilization of the land is not facilitated. Therefore, a new high-efficiency cultivation method for radish seed plant transplantation, which can prevent pathogen infection and significantly improve the survival rate, is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an efficient cultivation method for autumn and winter transplantation of radish seed plants. The improved radish seed planting method improves the survival rate of radish seeds under the cold and humid conditions, thereby promoting the development of radish breeding work.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating radish strains comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting mildew-free raw rice hulls, weighing urea according to 1-2.5% of the mass of the rice hulls, adding water to dissolve the urea according to 45-55% of the mass of the rice hulls, stirring and uniformly mixing the dissolved urea and the rice hulls, covering a film, hermetically stacking for 6-8 days, inoculating an EM microbial inoculum, controlling the water content of the rice hulls to be 45-55%, uniformly mixing materials inoculated with the EM microbial inoculum, stacking in stacks, covering the film and preserving moisture; turning and stacking once after 2 days, turning and stacking once after 3 days, turning and stacking once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing for 10-15 days, completing rice hull fermentation to obtain fermented rice hulls, and stacking for later use within 2 months;
(2) fertilizing and preparing soil according to normal requirements of a plant nursery, digging plant holes and airing for at least one week;
(3) in sunny days, the radish seed plants are pulled out from the material garden, are normally processed as required (the leaf cutting and root reducing processing are carried out as required), are placed in seed plant holes for airing for 1 day, and are prevented from freezing at night;
(4) preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 5-15% of coconut coir, 85-95% of fermented rice hulls prepared in the step (1) (the sum of the volume percentage of the two components is 100%), and slaked lime is added to adjust the pH value to be weakly acidic to weakly alkaline;
(5) filling plant holes with the plant planting soil prepared in the step (4) for planting the plants, and then covering field soil to prevent the plants from lodging;
(6) watering in sunny days for more than 2 days after field planting, and normally managing after survival.
In the step (1), urea is weighed according to 2% of the mass of the rice hulls and dissolved with water according to 50% of the mass of the rice hulls (namely, urea solution is prepared by weighing water with 50% of the mass of the rice hulls and dissolving the urea).
When the film is stacked in a closed manner in the step (1), stacking the film according to the dimensions of 1.5 meters in height, 2 meters in width and not less than 2 meters in length; when piling, the strip stacks are piled according to the dimensions of 1 meter in height, 1.5 meters in width and not less than 1.5 meters in length.
In the step (4), the pH value from weak acidity to weak alkalinity is 6.6-7.1.
In the step (4), the formula of the planting soil for the seed plants is as follows: 10% of coconut coir, 90% of fermented rice hulls prepared in the step (1), and adding slaked lime to adjust the pH value to 6.7-7.0.
In the step (2), each 667m of the plant nursery is planted2Applying 50-70 kg (preferably 60kg) of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, preparing soil, digging plant holes and airing for 1-2 weeks.
A field planting soil for radish seed plant cultivation comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 5 to 15 percent of coconut chaff and 85 to 95 percent of fermented rice husk, and adding hydrated lime to adjust the pH value to be weakly acidic to weakly alkaline;
the preparation process of the fermented rice hulls comprises the following steps: selecting mildew-free raw rice hulls, weighing urea according to 1-2.5% of the mass of the rice hulls, dissolving the urea in water according to 45-55% of the mass of the rice hulls, uniformly stirring the dissolved urea and the rice hulls, covering a film, hermetically stacking for 6-8 days, inoculating an EM microbial inoculum, controlling the water content of the rice hulls to be 45-55%, uniformly mixing materials inoculated with the EM microbial inoculum, stacking in stacks, covering the film and preserving moisture; and turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, and covering the rice hulls with a film for sealing for 10-15 days to complete rice hull fermentation to obtain the fermented rice hulls.
Preferably, urea is weighed according to 2% of the mass of the rice hulls and is dissolved by adding water according to 50% of the mass of the rice hulls; the planting soil comprises 10% of coconut coir and 90% of fermented rice hulls.
Further preferably, the pH value from weak acidity to weak alkalinity is 6.6-7.1. (preferably 6.7 to 7.0).
The application of the planting soil in radish seed plant cultivation.
The effects of preventing and resisting diseases and improving the survival rate of the radish cultivated by the method are obvious, but the effect of cultivating the pakchoi by the method is not obvious because the radish is a fleshy root and has low demand on nitrogen fertilizer, the urea is added in the process of preparing the fermented rice hulls, the pakchoi is a leaf vegetable and needs more nitrogen fertilizer, the urea is added in the process of preparing the fermented rice hulls, the nitrogen content is different, the fermentation speed is different, the urea is added in the fermented rice hulls for cultivating the pakchoi, and the required fermentation time is longer. The addition amount of the coconut chaff in the planting soil of the seed plants is also lower, because the more the coconut chaff is, the more the water is kept, the root of the radish is fleshy, the more the water in the soil is, the root rot is easy, the survival rate of the radish can be reduced, and the root of the pakchoi needs more water than the radish, so the content of the coconut chaff in the planting soil of the seed plants for cultivating the pakchoi is obviously higher than that of the radish. The preparation process of the fermented rice hulls and the formula of the planting soil of the seed plants in the method obviously influence the survival rate and the disease prevention and resistance effects of the matched vegetable varieties.
The invention discloses a radish seed plant cultivation method, which reduces the morbidity of the overwintering cultivation of radish seed plants in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, aims at solving the problems that the plant bodies of the radish seed plants are damaged and easily infected by pathogenic bacteria in the transplanting and field planting processes, and influences the breeding work, and can inhibit the infection of harmful bacteria, reduce the use of pesticides and ensure the smooth development of the radish breeding work by utilizing the characteristics of poor water holding capacity and soil loosening of rice husks and combining the fermentation of EM (effective microorganisms) microbial inoculum and the preparation and use of coconut residues.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention isolates the damaged radish seed plants from the field soil, thereby preventing the rapid infection of germs.
(2) The rice hull EM fermentation product can inhibit soil-borne diseases and improve the field soil physical and chemical structure.
(3) The main materials of the invention are natural in source, convenient to obtain and renewable, and beneficial to environmental protection; the preparation method is simple, and the cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1 preparation of planting soil for radish seed cultivation
In Yangxi district of Jiangning district of Nanjing city in 2016, 1000kg of fresh rice hulls in a local rice processing factory are selected for 16 days in 9 months, 20kg of urea is weighed according to 2% of the mass of the rice hulls, and the urea is mixed with 500kg of water to be dissolved, and then the urea and the rice hulls are stirred and mixed evenly. The rice hulls are evenly mixed and piled up according to the height of 1.5 m, the width of 2m and the length of 3 m, the covering film is sealed for 7 days, then the 'nongfukang EM planting bacteria liquid' (sold on the market) is inoculated, the using amount of the bacteria liquid is 4L, the bacteria liquid is mixed with 60kg of water according to the using instruction of the bacteria liquid, the mixture is evenly sprayed and stirred, and the bacteria agent is guaranteed to be evenly mixed with the rice. Then stacking according to the height of 1 meter, width of 1.5 meters and length of 4 meters, controlling the water content of the rice hull to be about 50%, and covering a film for moisturizing. And turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing for 13 days, completing fermentation of the rice hulls to obtain fermented rice hulls, and piling the rice hulls within 2 months for later use.
Preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 10 percent of coconut chaff and 90 percent of fermented rice husk are added with 3.9kg/m of hydrated lime3Adjusting the pH value to 6.7-7.0.
Example 2 preparation of planting soil for radish seed cultivation
In Yangxi district of Jiangning district of Nanjing city in 2016, 1000kg of fresh rice hulls in a local rice processing factory are selected for 16 days in 9 months, 15kg of urea is weighed according to 1.5 percent of the mass of the rice hulls, and the urea is mixed with 500kg of water to be dissolved, and then the mixture is stirred and uniformly mixed with the rice hulls. The rice hulls are evenly mixed and piled up according to the height of 1.5 m, the width of 2m and the length of 3 m, the covering film is sealed for 7 days, then the 'nongfukang EM planting bacteria liquid' (sold on the market) is inoculated, the using amount of the bacteria liquid is 4L, the bacteria liquid is mixed with 60kg of water according to the using instruction of the bacteria liquid, the mixture is evenly sprayed and stirred, and the bacteria agent is guaranteed to be evenly mixed with the rice. Then stacking according to the height of 1 meter, width of 1.5 meters and length of 4 meters, controlling the water content of the rice hull to be about 50%, and covering a film for moisturizing. And turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing for 13 days, completing fermentation of the rice hulls to obtain fermented rice hulls, and piling the rice hulls within 2 months for later use.
Preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 15 percent of coconut chaff and 85 percent of fermented rice husk are added with 3.9kg/m of hydrated lime3Adjusting the pH value to 6.7-7.0.
Example 3
(1) In Yangxi district of Jiangning district of Nanjing city in 2016, 1000kg of fresh rice hulls in a local rice processing factory are selected for 16 days in 9 months, 20kg of urea is weighed according to 2% of the mass of the rice hulls, and the urea is mixed with 500kg of water to be dissolved, and then the urea and the rice hulls are stirred and mixed evenly. The rice hulls are evenly mixed and piled up according to the height of 1.5 m, the width of 2m and the length of 3 m, the covering film is sealed for 7 days, then the 'nongfukang EM planting bacteria liquid' (sold on the market) is inoculated, the using amount of the bacteria liquid is 4L, the bacteria liquid is mixed with 60kg of water according to the using instruction of the bacteria liquid, the mixture is evenly sprayed and stirred, and the bacteria agent is guaranteed to be evenly mixed with the rice. Then stacking according to the height of 1 meter, width of 1.5 meters and length of 4 meters, controlling the water content of the rice hull to be about 50%, and covering a film for moisturizing. And turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing for 13 days, completing fermentation of the rice hulls to obtain fermented rice hulls, and piling the rice hulls within 2 months for later use.
(2) Selecting 8332 film-covered greenhouse for plant nursery, and preparing land according to normal requirement, wherein each 667m2Applying 60kg of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, digging plant holes, and airing for 9 days, wherein the plant holes are about 50cm multiplied by 50 cm.
(3) And in 11 months and 5 days, the weather is clear, the radish seed plants are pulled out from the material garden in the morning, screened, cut into leaves as required, reduced in root, placed in seed plant holes for airing for 1 day, and the greenhouse is closed at night for freezing prevention.
(4) Preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 10% of coconut chaff, 90% of fermented rice husk prepared in step (1) and cooked stoneAsh 3.9kg/m3Adjusting the pH value to 6.7-7.0.
(5) And (3) pouring the seed plant planting soil prepared in the step (4) into the seed plant planting soil to fill the seed plant holes, burying the roots of the seed plants into the seed plant planting soil, covering the periphery of the seed plants on the seed plant planting soil by using field soil, wherein the thickness of the field soil is about 10cm, and only the stem bases are exposed.
(6) Watering in sunny days 3 days after planting, and normally managing after survival.
Comparative example 1
(1) The plant nursery selects 8332 film-covered greenhouses, 60kg of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each 667m of 2, furrows and ridges are formed after deep ploughing and leveling, and plant holes are dug according to the width of the ridge surface of 2m and the row spacing of 50cm multiplied by 40 cm.
(2) In the morning of sunny weather, radish seed plants are pulled out from a material garden, and subjected to leaf removal and root cutting treatment according to requirements, the radish roots can be directly planted without damage, and the root-cut seed plants are planted in seed plant holes after being soaked with medicaments, sterilized and disinfected.
(3) Watering in sunny days 3 days after planting, and normally managing after survival.
(4) After rainy or snowy weather in winter, the humidity in the greenhouse is obviously increased, besides ventilation and night heat preservation management are enhanced, agricultural antibiotics or bactericides are needed to be used in large quantities to irrigate roots to prevent diseases such as soft rot, otherwise the diseases are easy to cause loss, once the diseases are generated, the plants need to be cleaned immediately, and the plant holes need to be disinfected to prevent and control the disease spreading.
Compared with the common radish seed plant cultivation method in the embodiment 3 and the comparative example 1, the method has the advantages that the incidence of rainwater is reduced by 60-85% in 2016 due to the fact that the same material is used in the same greenhouse, and the effect is obvious.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating radish seed plants in winter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting mildew-free raw rice hulls, weighing urea according to 1-2.5% of the mass of the rice hulls, adding water to dissolve the urea according to 45-55% of the mass of the rice hulls, stirring and uniformly mixing the dissolved urea and the rice hulls, covering a film, hermetically stacking for 6-8 days, inoculating an EM microbial inoculum, controlling the water content of the rice hulls to be 45-55%, uniformly mixing materials inoculated with the EM microbial inoculum, stacking in stacks, covering the film and preserving moisture; turning and stacking once after 2 days, turning and stacking once after 3 days, turning and stacking once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing for 10-15 days, completing rice hull fermentation to obtain fermented rice hulls, and stacking for later use within 2 months;
(2) fertilizing and preparing soil according to normal requirements of a plant nursery, digging plant holes and airing for at least one week;
(3) in sunny days, the radish seed plants are pulled out from the material garden, are normally processed as required, are placed in seed plant holes for airing for 1 day, and are protected from freezing at night;
(4) preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 5% -15% of coconut coir, 85% -95% of the fermented rice hulls prepared in the step (1), and adding hydrated lime to adjust the pH value to be weakly acidic to weakly alkaline;
(5) filling plant holes with the plant planting soil prepared in the step (4) for planting the plants, and then covering field soil to prevent the plants from lodging;
(6) watering in sunny days for more than 2 days after field planting, and normally managing after survival.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), urea is weighed according to 2% of the mass of the rice hulls and is dissolved by adding water according to 50% of the mass of the rice hulls.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the film is stacked in a closed manner in the step (1), stacking the film according to the dimensions of 1.5 meters in height, 2 meters in width and not less than 2 meters in length; when piling, the strip stacks are piled according to the dimensions of 1 meter in height, 1.5 meters in width and not less than 1.5 meters in length.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the pH value from weak acidity to weak alkalinity is 6.6-7.1.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the formula of the planting soil for the seed plants is as follows: 10% of coconut coir, 90% of fermented rice hulls prepared in the step (1), and adding slaked lime to adjust the pH value to 6.7-7.0.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), each 667m of the plant nursery is planted2Applying 50-70 kg of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, preparing soil, digging plant holes and airing for 1-2 weeks.
7. A field planting soil for winter cultivation of radish seed plants is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by volume: 5% -15% of coconut coir and 85% -95% of fermented rice hulls, and adding hydrated lime to adjust the pH value to be weakly acidic to weakly alkaline;
the preparation process of the fermented rice hulls comprises the following steps: selecting mildew-free raw rice hulls, weighing urea according to 1-2.5% of the mass of the rice hulls, dissolving the urea in water according to 45-55% of the mass of the rice hulls, uniformly stirring the dissolved urea and the rice hulls, covering a film, hermetically stacking for 6-8 days, inoculating an EM microbial inoculum, controlling the water content of the rice hulls to be 45-55%, uniformly mixing materials inoculated with the EM microbial inoculum, stacking in stacks, covering the film and preserving moisture; and turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, and covering the rice hulls with a film for sealing for 10-15 days to complete rice hull fermentation to obtain the fermented rice hulls.
8. The planting soil of claim 7, wherein urea is weighed according to 2% of the mass of the rice hulls and dissolved with water according to 50% of the mass of the rice hulls; the planting soil comprises 10% of coconut coir and 90% of fermented rice hulls.
9. The planting soil of claim 7, wherein the weakly acidic to weakly alkaline pH value is 6.6-7.1.
10. The use of the planting soil of claim 7 for winter cultivation of radish species.
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