CN109197513B - Method for cultivating non-heading Chinese cabbage seed - Google Patents
Method for cultivating non-heading Chinese cabbage seed Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197513B CN109197513B CN201811223105.8A CN201811223105A CN109197513B CN 109197513 B CN109197513 B CN 109197513B CN 201811223105 A CN201811223105 A CN 201811223105A CN 109197513 B CN109197513 B CN 109197513B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating a non-heading Chinese cabbage seed plant, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing fermented rice hulls; (2) fertilizing and preparing soil according to normal requirements of a plant nursery, digging plant holes and airing for at least one week; (3) in sunny days, pulling out the non-nodulation cabbage seed plants from the material garden, removing leaves, and airing the cabbage seed plants in seed holes; (4) preparing planting soil for the seeds; (5) filling plant holes with the plant planting soil prepared in the step (4) for planting the plants, and then covering field soil to prevent the plants from lodging; (6) watering after planting, a small amount of watering is carried out for many times, and normal management is carried out after the seedlings survive. The method utilizes the characteristics of weak water-holding capacity and good air permeability of the rice hulls, and through the fermentation of the EM microbial inoculum and the preparation and use of the EM microbial inoculum and the coconut chaff, not only can the infection of harmful bacteria be inhibited, but also the physical and chemical structure of the soil is changed, the normal growth of the non-heading Chinese cabbage strains is ensured, and the development of the breeding work of the non-heading Chinese cabbage is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of breeding of non-heading Chinese cabbages, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for efficiently transplanting non-heading Chinese cabbages.
Background
Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. Chinese Group) is commonly called as green cabbage and Chinese cabbage, is an important vegetable of Brassica of Brassicaceae, and is planted all over the country. The non-heading cabbages can bloom only through low-temperature vernalization, so that the breeding work of the non-heading cabbages in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river needs to be carried out in autumn every year, after the non-heading cabbages grow into plants, the plants are selected and transplanted, the heads of most of the plants are only reserved for field planting in a plant nursery, and the plants (heads of the plants) undergo low temperature for several months and are pollinated after the plants bloom in the spring of the next year. The normal growth of the strain is the basis of the breeding work of the non-heading Chinese cabbage.
The roots, stems and leaves of the plant bodies of the non-heading Chinese cabbages are damaged in the transplanting process of the seed plants and are easily infected by various pathogenic bacteria. The time for transplanting the seed plants in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is in the low-temperature season of autumn and winter, the seed plants grow slowly after being transplanted and fixed, and the seed plants are easily frozen in low-temperature and severe cold weather. Although the greenhouse is basically and comprehensively applied to cultivation of the non-heading Chinese cabbage seeds in the last two years, and has obvious rain sheltering effect, the humidity in the greenhouse is still high due to continuous overcast and rainy days. In sunny days, the temperature in the greenhouse can obviously rise in the daytime, and the frost in several months occasionally alternates with high temperature and accompanies the high-humidity greenhouse environment, so that soft rot and black rot are easy to occur, and the chemical control effect is poor.
The prevention measures for the plant diseases are to cover the plants with soil and mix the plants with drugs, soak the plants and sterilize the plants, but the occurrence of the plant diseases is related to climatic conditions and has certain contingency, so the prevention methods have short time and unstable effect, and a large amount of drugs are used to destroy the soil ecological environment, thereby being not beneficial to the sustainable use of the land. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new cultivation method for efficiently transplanting the non-heading Chinese cabbage strain, which can prevent the bacterial infection and significantly improve the survival rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for efficiently cultivating non-heading Chinese cabbage strains in autumn and winter. The method improves the field planting method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage, and improves the survival rate of the non-heading Chinese cabbage under the cold and humid conditions, thereby promoting the breeding work of the non-heading Chinese cabbage.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating non-heading Chinese cabbage strains comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting mildew-free raw rice hulls, weighing urea according to 3-5% of the mass of the rice hulls, adding water to dissolve the urea according to 45-55% of the mass of the rice hulls, stirring and uniformly mixing the dissolved urea and the rice hulls, covering a film, hermetically stacking for 3-4 days, inoculating an EM microbial inoculum, controlling the water content of the rice hulls to be 45-55%, uniformly mixing materials inoculated with the EM microbial inoculum, stacking in stacks, covering the film and preserving moisture; turning and stacking once after 2 days, turning and stacking once after 3 days, turning and stacking once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing for 15-20 days, completing rice hull fermentation to obtain fermented rice hulls, and stacking for later use within 2 months;
(2) fertilizing and preparing soil according to normal requirements of a plant nursery, digging plant holes and airing for at least one week;
(3) in sunny days, pulling out the non-nodulation cabbage seed plants from the material garden, carrying out leaf removal treatment, placing the cabbage seed plants in seed holes for airing for 1 day, and paying attention to night for freezing prevention;
(4) preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 30-40% of coconut coir, 60-70% of fermented rice hulls prepared in the step (1) (the sum of the volume percentage of the two components is 100%), and slaked lime is added to adjust the pH value to be neutral to weak alkaline;
(5) filling plant holes with the plant planting soil prepared in the step (4) for planting the plants, and then covering field soil to prevent the plants from lodging;
(6) watering after planting, a small amount of watering is carried out for many times, and normal management is carried out after the seedlings survive.
In the step (1), preferably, urea is weighed according to 4% of the mass of the rice hulls and dissolved with water according to 50% of the mass of the rice hulls (namely, water with 50% of the mass of the rice hulls is weighed and dissolved with the urea to prepare a urea solution).
In the step (1), when the film is stacked in a closed manner, the film is stacked according to the sizes of 1.5 meters in height, 2 meters in width and not less than 2 meters in length; when piling, the strip stacks are piled according to the dimensions of 1 meter in height, 1.5 meters in width and not less than 1.5 meters in length.
In the step (2), each 667m of the plant nursery is planted2Applying 50-70 kg (preferably 60kg) of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, preparing soil, digging plant holes and airing for 1-2 weeks;
in the step (4), the pH value from neutral to alkalescence is 7.0-8.0.
In the step (4), the formula of the planting soil of the seed plants is preferably as follows: 35% of coconut coir, 65% of fermented rice hulls prepared in the step (1), and adding slaked lime to adjust the pH value to 7.0-7.5.
A field planting soil for cultivating non-heading Chinese cabbage seed plants comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30-40% of coconut coir and 60-70% of fermented rice husk, adding slaked lime to adjust the pH value to be neutral to alkalescent;
the preparation process of the fermented rice hulls comprises the following steps: selecting mildew-free raw rice hulls, weighing urea according to 3-5% of the mass of the rice hulls, adding water according to 45-55% of the mass of the rice hulls for dissolving, stirring and uniformly mixing the dissolved urea and the rice hulls, covering a film, hermetically stacking for 3-4 days, inoculating an EM microbial inoculum, controlling the water content of the rice hulls to be 45-55%, uniformly mixing materials inoculated with the EM microbial inoculum, stacking in stacks, covering the film and preserving moisture; and turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, and covering the rice hulls with a film for 15-20 days to complete rice hull fermentation to obtain the fermented rice hulls.
As an optimal technical scheme, the planting soil is prepared by weighing urea according to 4% of the mass of the rice hulls and dissolving the urea in water according to 50% of the mass of the rice hulls.
Further preferably, the pH value of the neutral to weak alkaline solution is 7.0-8.0 (preferably 7.0-7.5).
Further preferably, the planting soil comprises 35% of coconut coir and 65% of fermented rice hulls.
The effects of preventing and resisting diseases and improving the survival rate of the pakchoi cultivated by the method are obvious, but the effect of cultivating the radish by the method is not obvious, because the pakchoi is a leaf vegetable, more nitrogen fertilizer is needed, more urea is needed to be added when the fermented rice husk is prepared, the fermentation is slower when the nitrogen content is higher, and the fermentation time of the fermented rice husk for cultivating the pakchoi is longer. The addition amount of the coconut chaff in the seed plant field planting soil is also higher, because the root of the pakchoi needs more water than the radish, the more the coconut chaff is, the more the water is, the radish root is fleshy, the more the water in the soil is, the root rot is easy, the survival rate of the radish can be reduced, and therefore, the content of the coconut chaff in the seed plant field planting soil for cultivating the radish is obviously lower than that of the pakchoi. The preparation process of the fermented rice hulls and the formula of the planting soil of the seed plants in the method obviously influence the survival rate and the disease prevention and resistance effects of the cultivated vegetable varieties.
The invention discloses a cultivation method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage seed plant, aiming at the reality that the plant body of the non-heading Chinese cabbage seed plant is damaged in the transplanting and planting process, is easy to be infected by pathogenic bacteria and influences the breeding work. The method utilizes the characteristics of weak water-holding capacity and good air permeability of the rice hulls, and through the fermentation of the EM microbial inoculum and the preparation and use of the EM microbial inoculum and the coconut chaff, not only can the infection of harmful bacteria be inhibited, but also the physical and chemical structure of the soil is changed, the normal growth of the non-heading Chinese cabbage strains is ensured, and the development of the breeding work of the non-heading Chinese cabbage is facilitated.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention isolates the damaged non-heading Chinese cabbage seed plants from the field soil, thereby preventing the quick infection of germs.
(2) The rice hull EM fermentation product can inhibit soil-borne diseases and improve the field soil physical and chemical structure.
(3) The main materials of the invention are natural in source, convenient to obtain and renewable, and beneficial to environmental protection; the preparation method is simple, and the cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1 preparation of planting soil for cultivation of non-heading Chinese cabbage seed
In Yangxi district of Jiangning district of Nanjing city in 2016, 1000kg of fresh rice hulls in a local rice processing factory are selected for 16 days in 9 months, 40kg of urea is weighed according to 4% of the mass of the rice hulls, and the urea is mixed with 500kg of water to be dissolved, and then the urea and the rice hulls are stirred and mixed evenly. The rice hulls are evenly mixed and piled up according to the height of 1.5 m, the width of 2m and the length of 3 m, the covering film is sealed for 4 days, then the 'nongfukang EM planting bacteria liquid' (sold on the market) is inoculated, the using amount of the bacteria liquid is 4L, the bacteria liquid is mixed with 60kg of water according to the using instruction of the bacteria liquid, the mixture is evenly sprayed and stirred, and the bacteria agent is guaranteed to be evenly mixed with the rice. Then stacking according to the height of 1 meter, width of 1.5 meters and length of 4 meters, controlling the water content of the rice hull to be about 50%, and covering a film for moisturizing. And turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing the film for 20 days, completing fermentation of the rice hulls to obtain fermented rice hulls, and piling the fermented rice hulls within 2 months for later use.
Preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: coconut chaff 35 percent, fermented rice husk 65 percent and cooked stoneAsh 10.9kg/m3Adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5.
Example 2 preparation of planting soil for cultivation of non-heading Chinese cabbage seed
In Yangxi district of Jiangning district of Nanjing city in 2016, 1000kg of fresh rice hulls in a local rice processing factory are selected for 16 days in 9 months, 50kg of urea is weighed according to 5% of the mass of the rice hulls, and the urea is mixed with 500kg of water to be dissolved, and then the urea and the rice hulls are stirred and mixed evenly. The rice hulls are evenly mixed and piled up according to the height of 1.5 m, the width of 2m and the length of 3 m, the covering film is sealed for 4 days, then the 'nongfukang EM planting bacteria liquid' (sold on the market) is inoculated, the using amount of the bacteria liquid is 4L, the bacteria liquid is mixed with 60kg of water according to the using instruction of the bacteria liquid, the mixture is evenly sprayed and stirred, and the bacteria agent is guaranteed to be evenly mixed with the rice. Then stacking according to the height of 1 meter, width of 1.5 meters and length of 4 meters, controlling the water content of the rice hull to be about 50%, and covering a film for moisturizing. And turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing the film for 20 days, completing fermentation of the rice hulls to obtain fermented rice hulls, and piling the fermented rice hulls within 2 months for later use.
Preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 40 percent of coconut chaff and 60 percent of fermented rice hull, and 10.9kg/m of hydrated lime is added3Adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5.
Example 3
(1) In Yangxi district of Jiangning district of Nanjing city in 2016, 1000kg of fresh rice hulls in a local rice processing factory are selected for 16 days in 9 months, 40kg of urea is weighed according to 4% of the mass of the rice hulls, and the urea is mixed with 500kg of water to be dissolved, and then the urea and the rice hulls are stirred and mixed evenly. The rice hulls are evenly mixed and piled up according to the height of 1.5 m, the width of 2m and the length of 3 m, the covering film is sealed for 4 days, then the 'nongfukang EM planting bacteria liquid' (sold on the market) is inoculated, the using amount of the bacteria liquid is 4L, the bacteria liquid is mixed with 60kg of water according to the using instruction of the bacteria liquid, the mixture is evenly sprayed and stirred, and the bacteria agent is guaranteed to be evenly mixed with the rice. Then stacking according to the height of 1 meter, width of 1.5 meters and length of 4 meters, controlling the water content of the rice hull to be about 50%, and covering a film for moisturizing. And turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing the film for 20 days, completing fermentation of the rice hulls to obtain fermented rice hulls, and piling the fermented rice hulls within 2 months for later use.
(2) Selecting 8332 film-covered greenhouse for plant nursery, and preparing land according to normal requirement, wherein each 667m2Applying 60kg of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, digging plant holes, and airing for 9 days, wherein the plant holes are about 45cm multiplied by 45 cm.
(3) And in 11 months and 4 days, the weather is clear, the non-nodulation cabbage seed plants are pulled out from the material garden in the morning, the leaves are removed, the cabbage seed plants are placed in seed holes for airing for 1 day, and the greenhouse is closed at night for freezing prevention.
(4) Preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 35 percent of coconut chaff, 65 percent of fermented rice husk prepared in the step (1) and 10.9kg/m of hydrated lime3Adjusting the pH value to 7.3-7.5.
(5) And (3) pouring the seed plant planting soil prepared in the step (4) into the seed plant planting soil to fill the seed plant holes, burying the roots of the seed plants into the seed plant planting soil, and covering the periphery of the seed plants on the seed plant planting soil by using field soil, wherein the thickness of the field soil is about 10 cm.
(6) Watering after planting, a small amount of watering is carried out for many times, and normal management is carried out after the seedlings survive.
Comparative example 1
(1) The plant nursery selects 8332 film-covered greenhouses, 60kg of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each 667m of 2, furrows and ridges are formed after deep ploughing and leveling, and plant holes are dug according to the width of the ridge surface of 2m and the row spacing of 50cm multiplied by 40 cm.
(2) In the morning of sunny weather, the non-nodulation cabbage seed plants are pulled out from the material garden and are directly planted in the seed holes after the leaf removing treatment.
(3) Watering after planting, a small amount of watering is carried out for many times, and normal management is carried out after the seedlings survive.
(4) After rainy or snowy weather in winter, the humidity in the greenhouse is obviously increased, besides ventilation and night heat preservation management are enhanced, agricultural antibiotics or bactericides are needed to be used in large quantities to irrigate roots to prevent diseases such as soft rot, otherwise the diseases are easy to cause loss, once the diseases are generated, the plants need to be cleaned immediately, and the plant holes need to be disinfected to prevent and control the disease spreading.
Compared with the common cultivation method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage in the embodiment 3 and the comparative example 1, the method has the advantages that the incidence of rain water is more in 2016, the humidity in the greenhouse is higher, the method is capable of reducing the incidence of disease by 40% -90% in the same greenhouse and the same material, and the effect is obvious.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating a non-heading Chinese cabbage seed plant is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting mildew-free raw rice hulls, weighing urea according to 3-5% of the mass of the rice hulls, adding water to dissolve the urea according to 45-55% of the mass of the rice hulls, stirring and uniformly mixing the dissolved urea and the rice hulls, covering a film, hermetically stacking for 3-4 days, inoculating an EM microbial inoculum, controlling the water content of the rice hulls to be 45-55%, uniformly mixing materials inoculated with the EM microbial inoculum, stacking in stacks, covering the film and preserving moisture; turning and stacking once after 2 days, turning and stacking once after 3 days, turning and stacking once after 4 days, covering a film, sealing for 15-20 days, completing rice hull fermentation to obtain fermented rice hulls, and stacking for later use within 2 months;
(2) fertilizing and preparing soil according to normal requirements of a plant nursery, digging plant holes and airing for at least one week;
(3) in sunny days, pulling out the non-nodulation cabbage seed plants from the material garden, carrying out leaf removal treatment, placing the cabbage seed plants in seed holes for airing for 1 day, and paying attention to night for freezing prevention;
(4) preparing planting soil for the seed production plants according to the volume percentage: 30-40% of coconut coir, 60-70% of fermented rice hulls prepared in the step (1), and adding hydrated lime to adjust the pH value to be neutral to alkalescent;
(5) filling plant holes with the plant planting soil prepared in the step (4) for planting the plants, and then covering field soil to prevent the plants from lodging;
(6) watering after planting, a small amount of watering is carried out for many times, and normal management is carried out after the seedlings survive.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), urea is weighed according to 4% of the mass of the rice hulls and is dissolved by adding water according to 50% of the mass of the rice hulls.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: when the film is stacked in a closed manner in the step (1), stacking the film according to the dimensions of 1.5 meters in height, 2 meters in width and not less than 2 meters in length; when piling, the strip stacks are piled according to the dimensions of 1 meter in height, 1.5 meters in width and not less than 1.5 meters in length.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the pH value from neutral to alkalescence is 7.0-8.0.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the formula of the planting soil for the seed plants is as follows: 35% of coconut coir, 65% of fermented rice hulls prepared in the step (1), and adding slaked lime to adjust the pH value to 7.0-7.5.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), each 667m of the plant nursery is planted2Applying 50-70 kg of 15-15-15 ternary compound fertilizer, preparing soil, digging plant holes and airing for 1-2 weeks.
7. A field planting soil for cultivating non-heading Chinese cabbage strains is characterized in that the field planting soil comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 30-40% of coconut coir and 60-70% of fermented rice hulls, and adding slaked lime to adjust the pH value to be neutral to alkalescent;
the preparation process of the fermented rice hulls comprises the following steps: selecting mildew-free raw rice hulls, weighing urea according to 3-5% of the mass of the rice hulls, adding water according to 45-55% of the mass of the rice hulls for dissolving, stirring and uniformly mixing the dissolved urea and the rice hulls, covering a film, hermetically stacking for 3-4 days, inoculating an EM microbial inoculum, controlling the water content of the rice hulls to be 45-55%, uniformly mixing materials inoculated with the EM microbial inoculum, stacking in stacks, covering the film and preserving moisture; and turning the rice hulls once after 2 days, turning the rice hulls once after 3 days, turning the rice hulls once after 4 days, and covering the rice hulls with a film for 15-20 days to complete rice hull fermentation to obtain the fermented rice hulls.
8. The planting soil of claim 7, wherein urea is weighed according to 4% of the mass of the rice hulls and dissolved with water according to 50% of the mass of the rice hulls; the planting soil comprises 35% of coconut coir and 65% of fermented rice hulls.
9. The planting soil of claim 7, wherein the neutral to weakly alkaline pH value is 7.0-8.0.
10. Use of the planting soil of claim 7 for cultivation of non-heading cabbage species.
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