CN106212227A - A kind of Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of convenient and efficient - Google Patents
A kind of Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of convenient and efficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN106212227A CN106212227A CN201610581083.7A CN201610581083A CN106212227A CN 106212227 A CN106212227 A CN 106212227A CN 201610581083 A CN201610581083 A CN 201610581083A CN 106212227 A CN106212227 A CN 106212227A
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- side shoot
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses the Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient.The method digs cuttage cultivation groove at subsurface, is directly placed into by the substrate soil of plain boiled water tongue peat, bagasse and quartz sand preparation in groove；After treating the mitogenetic side shoot of Radix Raphani, choose any side shoot in the healthy and strong anosis side shoots at different levels of more than side shoot length 8cm as cuttage side shoot, the length of blade blade more than 3cm is all cut from base portion, and according to side shoot length, alabastrum is processed, after process, directly carry out cuttage；After second day water spray of cuttage, at Waterlogged soil Vermiculitum, and carry out sunshade net built covering；After 57 days, young leaves is sprouted, and removes sunshade net；Three grades mitogenetic on cuttage side shoot and above side shoot are removed by the 20th 30 day of cuttage, and cover gauze carries out bee pollination.The method of the present invention expands the sampling scope of cuttage side shoot, shortens side shoot and takes root and transplanting seedling time, and without transplanting, improves the survival rate of Radix Raphani, it is ensured that can guarantee both quality and quantity to gather in the crops seed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cuttage root-taking and breeding technique field, be specifically related to the Radix Raphani side shoot skewer of a kind of convenient and efficient
Insert breeding new method.
Background technology
Radix Raphani (Raphanus sativus L.) is one of important vegetable crop of China, for Cruciferae.Rhaphanus half is resistance to
Cold biennial plant, it is nourished and grown and reproductive growth crosses over two calendar years.In recent years, along with global warming and
Being relatively fixed of breeding units proving ground, under the multiple actions such as high temperature, continuous cropping, growth cycle length, disease is on the rise.Radix Raphani
Plant strain fleshy tap root is caused plant dead by all kinds of disease infestation, it has also become one of subject matter in Radix Raphani breeding work.
Radix Raphani uses the method for cuttage side shoot, can effectively solve during Radix Raphani is reserved seed for planting owing to disease causes what material lost to ask
Topic.Therefore, when Radix Raphani runs into infection process fleshy tap root in breeding process, material can be carried out by the purposive lateral branch cutting that utilizes
Save.Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting method (patent No.: ZL 2,014 1 0504696.1, the denomination of invention: spring of research and development before applicant
The white turnip of resistance to bolting lateral branch cutting breeding method；The patent No.: ZL 2,014 1 0522184.8；Denomination of invention: a kind of raising Radix Raphani side
Branch root survival and the method for breeding quality), in actual application, discovery there is problems and needs to be changed further
Kind:
1, lateral branch cutting method before needs to carry out the side shoot cut air-drying and auxin process, and carries out in seedbed
Cuttage root-taking is tamed, and transplants after surviving.If wherein air-drying the most proper meeting cause side shoot to wilt or rot；Auxin concentration, place
The reason time, the most proper can suppression took root；Transplanting the most proper affects survival rate etc..Its complex steps, process wastes time and energy.
2, cuttage branch before is chosen as: the thick 0.5-1.0cm of length 20-30cm, stem, 1 grade or 2 grades of side shoots.This is by base
Matter composition and the result of side shoot degree of lignification impact, cause it to select space narrow.
3, lateral branch cutting medium of seedling bed formula before is coconut palm bran+Vermiculitum+dreg or the straw+rice husk+Vermiculitum+corruption become thoroughly decomposed
Ripe cattle manure.The many meetings of above matrix formulations promote the cambium layer of Radix Raphani lower cut-out first to produce callus, then by callus shape
Become root (see the accompanying drawing of above-mentioned two patents).This cuttage root-taking mode rootage duration is long, survives difficulty high, the most traditional skewer
It is inserted into motility rate many at 80%-85%.
4, lateral branch cutting method rootage duration before is long, and starting rootage duration is about 2 weeks, and young leaves grows needs 3 weeks
The above time.Along with global warming, spring temperature raises year by year, and rootage duration is long causes surviving of lateral branch cutting breeding
Rate declines year by year.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve complex steps in Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding, waste time and energy, side shoot selects the problems such as narrow space, this
Invention provides the Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding new method of a kind of convenient and efficient.The method has carried out matrix formulations targetedly
Improvement and the slotting pre-treatment of sampling side shoot, shorten side shoot and take root and transplanting seedling time, and without transplanting.The method of the present invention improves
The survival rate of Radix Raphani, it is ensured that can guarantee both quality and quantity to gather in the crops seed.
The technical scheme is that the Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient, it is characterized in that,
(1) preparation of substrate soil: count by volume, plain boiled water tongue peat: bagasse: quartz sand=5-7:1.5-2.5:1, preferably
6:2:1；
(2) preparation of cuttage cultivation groove: digging the degree of depth at subsurface is 9-12cm, the cuttage cultivation groove of wide 10-13cm, length
Determining according to physical condition, the spacing between groove and groove is 55-60cm, is directly placed into the substrate soil prepared in groove, or by substrate
Soil loads the Simple flower pot of 10*10*9cm, and flowerpot is put into groove；Cuttage afternoon before that day, substrate soil NPK compound fertilizer (three
Factor proportion is 14:10:18) 1000-1200 times of aqueous solution irrigate, standby；
(3) selection of cuttage branch: after treating the mitogenetic side shoot of Radix Raphani, can choose more than side shoot length 8cm healthy and strong anosis each
Any side shoot in level side shoot is as cuttage side shoot；
(4) process of cuttage branch: all cut selecting the cuttage side shoot blade length blade more than 3cm from base portion；Side
Branch length less than 30cm top alabastrum ophthalmic tweezers is removed, side shoot length at 30-40cm (not comprising 40cm) by top
Alabastrum length is all removed with ophthalmic tweezers less than 0.8cm's, side shoot length top alabastrum length being less than at 40-50cm
0.5cm all removes with ophthalmic tweezers, side shoot length more than 50cm by complete with ophthalmic tweezers less than 0.2cm of top alabastrum length
Portion removes；
(5) cuttage: can directly carry out cuttage after process, the cuttage degree of depth controls at 3.5-6.0cm according to side shoot length, cuttage
Side shoot spacing 15-20cm；
(6) domestication survives condition: after cuttage the next morning water spray, at Waterlogged soil 0.5-1.0cm Vermiculitum, and hide
Screened postive built covers；Sunshade net removes front every morning 9:00-10:00 and 15:00-16:00 in afternoon to carry out water spray at twice and waters
Fill；Temperature is maintained at more than 18 DEG C；After 5-7 days, young leaves is sprouted, and removes sunshade net, water every day 1 time (sprinkling), other pipes
Manage same conventional method；
(7) lateral branch cutting breeding: the 20-30 days of cuttage, by whole to three grades mitogenetic on cuttage side shoot and above side shoot
Removing, cover gauze carries out bee pollination, and the later stage of bearing pods carries out water control pipe reason.
Wherein, plain boiled water tongue peat selects particle diameter≤5mm, unit weight 0.12-0.14g/cm3, total porosity 45-55%, water holding
Space 40-50%, pH value be 6.0-6.5, EC value be the plain boiled water tongue peat of 0.3-0.5.
Described step (3) preferably stem is thick has the ring-type side shoot expanded in 0.5cm and close axil end, when its domestication survives
Between more common side shoot can shorten more than 10%.
The too high material of described step (5) side shoot can depend on cuttage bar and be fixed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention uses the method that Radix Raphani more than 8cm lateral branch cutting at different levels is taken root, and expands for utilizing lateral branch cutting to save kind of matter
The big scope of material sampling.
2, the substrate of present invention improvement, its characteristic is root induction, nutritious, water conservation ventilative, and this substrate can promote
Make side shoot skin zone directly take root, improve survival rate, shorten transplanting seedling time.
3, the present invention need not carry out the side shoot cut air-drying and auxin process, reduces the not determining cause that impact is taken root
Element.The present invention passes through improvement and the slotting pre-treatment of sampling side shoot of matrix formulations, and while promoting to take root, young leaves is sprouted, and shortens side
Branch is taken root and transplanting seedling time (directly taken root by skin zone after 5-7 days and young leaves is sprouted), and without transplanting after domestication, will not damage root
Portion, substantially increases survival rate.
4, convenient and efficient of the present invention, simple to operate easy to learn.Use the survival rate of plant that the inventive method is cultivated up to
More than 94%, heritability is stable, saves the breeding time.
5, the side shoot processed by the present invention, kind pod plumpness is good, and maturation time is relatively uniform, it is simple to unification is gathered.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cuttage side shoot sampling figure, as can be seen from Figure 1: the side shoots at different levels of more than length 8cm can be used as skewer
Inserting side shoot, side shoot stem does not limits, and samples expanded range；
Fig. 2 is the born chromosome of lateral branch cutting 12, as can be seen from Figure 2: use the different size side of the inventive method cuttage
Branch all can be taken root smoothly, and it is short to tame into live time；
Fig. 3 is cuttage side shoot breeding figure, as can be seen from Figure 3: use the different size side shoot of the inventive method cuttage, all
Can survive and obtain seed.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, Radix Raphani reproductive growth lateral branch cutting in the period breeding method of the present invention is explained in detail
State, so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus to protection scope of the present invention
Make apparent clear and definite defining.
(radish varieties that the present embodiment is selected is the product that in spring white jade-former lateral branch cutting test, survival rate is minimum to embodiment 1
Kind)
(1) preparation of substrate soil
Count by volume, plain boiled water tongue peat: bagasse: quartz sand=6:2:1.
Plain boiled water tongue peat: the present embodiment uses Germany's KLASMANN plain boiled water tongue peat, its particle diameter≤5mm, unit weight 0.12-
0.14g/cm3, total porosity 45-55%, water holding space 40-50%, pH value be 6.0-6.5, EC value be 0.3-0.5.
Quartz sand: particle size range is 0.1-0.5mm.
Bagasse: commercially available packed bagasse, particle size range 1-5mm.
(2) preparation of cuttage cultivation groove
Digging degree of depth 12cm, wide 12cm, the cuttage cultivation groove of long 5.5m at subsurface, the spacing between groove and groove is 60cm,
The substrate soil prepared is put in groove.Cuttage afternoon before that day 9:00 NPK compound fertilizer (three essential fertilizer ratio is 14:10:18)
1000 times of aqueous solutions irrigate standby.
(3) selection of cuttage branch
Choosing healthy and strong each 10 anosis of 1,2, the 3 grades of side shoots of more than length 8cm, side shoot stem does not limits, with blade along side shoot
Base portion cuts with upper level branch junction, makes cutting area maximize as far as possible.Taking the side shoot time is 15:00 in afternoon.
(4) process of cuttage branch
All cut selecting the side shoot blade length blade more than 3cm from base portion；Side shoot length will push up less than 30cm
End alabastrum ophthalmic tweezers directly removes, side shoot length 30-40cm (not comprising 40cm) by top alabastrum length less than 0.8cm
All remove with ophthalmic tweezers, side shoot length 40-50cm by top alabastrum length less than all the going with ophthalmic tweezers of 0.5cm
Fall, side shoot length more than 50cm by top alabastrum length less than all the removing with ophthalmic tweezers of 0.2cm.
(5) cuttage
Can directly carry out cuttage after process, the cuttage degree of depth of side shoot length 8-15cm is 3.5cm, side shoot length 15-20cm
The cuttage degree of depth of (not comprising 15cm) is 5cm, and the side shoot length cuttage degree of depth more than 20cm is 6cm, cuttage side shoot spacing 20cm.
The too high material of side shoot can depend on cuttage bar and be fixed.
(6) domestication survives condition
After cuttage the next morning water spray, at Waterlogged soil 0.5cm Vermiculitum, and carry out sunshade net built covering.Sunshade net
Remove front every morning 9:00-10:00 and 15:00-16:00 in afternoon and carry out water spray pouring at twice.The Jinan Area 3-4 month is setting
Carry out in executing, can carry out at open country after May；Temperature is maintained at more than 18 DEG C.After 6 days, young leaves is sprouted, and removes sunshade net, often
It water 1 time (sprinkling), carries out Routine Management.
(7) lateral branch cutting breeding
Three grades mitogenetic on cuttage side shoot and above side shoot are all removed by the 28th day of cuttage, and cover gauze is put in right amount
Wall honeybee pollinates, and the later stage of bearing pods carries out water control pipe reason, i.e. full-bloom stage and terminates, the kind pod color expanded from green to yellow time, i.e. stop
Only water.
The all blades of this test, shears and ophthalmic tweezers are all immersed in 75% ethanol solution and carry out sterilization processing.
Embodiment 2 (radish varieties that the present embodiment is selected is that Weihe River county is blue or green)
The present embodiment step (5) cuttage side shoot spacing 15cm.
Three grades mitogenetic on cuttage side shoot and above side shoot are all removed by the 25th day of the present embodiment step (7) cuttage.
Remaining is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3 (radish varieties that the present embodiment is selected is all round victory)
After the present embodiment step (6) cuttage the next morning water spray, at Waterlogged soil 1.0cm Vermiculitum.
Three grades mitogenetic on cuttage side shoot and above side shoot are all removed by the 21st day of the present embodiment step (7) cuttage.
Remaining is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4 (radish varieties that the present embodiment is selected is Shandong Radix Raphani No. 3)
The present embodiment step (5) cuttage side shoot spacing 15cm.
Three grades mitogenetic on cuttage side shoot and above side shoot are all removed by the 25th day of the present embodiment step (7) cuttage,
Remaining is with embodiment 1.
Meanwhile, the technology of embodiment 1-4 and ZL 2,014 1 0522184.8 is as compareing, and result of the test is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 different materials tradition cuttage and the breeding result of novel cuttage
Note: in table ZL 2,014 1 0522184.8 method selection material be length 20-25cm, the 2 of the thick 0.5-0.8cm of stem
Level side shoot.The method selection material of the present invention is any rank side shoot of more than length 8cm.
As can be seen from Table 1: comparing existing Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting technology, the cuttage survival rate of the present invention significantly improves, and carries
High rate is 8.9～17.5%, and the especially increase rate of spring white jade is particularly evident.The mass of 1000 kernel of seed is also improved, carrying of spring white jade
High rate is particularly evident, reaches 11.4%.Its breeding cycle averagely reduces 2～3 days simultaneously, and compares concentration harvest time.
From accompanying drawing 1-3 it can be seen that the present invention uses side shoots at different levels that more than length 8cm, different stem are thick as cuttage branch
(as shown in Figure 1), lateral branch cutting all can be taken root (as shown in Figure 2) after 12 days smoothly, it is possible to survives and obtain seed (such as figure
Shown in 3).Therefore the present invention is for utilizing lateral branch cutting to save kind of a matter, expands the scope of material sampling.
To sum up, the present invention expands the scope of material sampling, improves survival rate, and maturation time is relatively uniform, it is simple to
Unification is gathered, and improves the quality of seed, and therefore effect is obvious.
Above-described embodiment limits the present invention never in any form, and the mode of every employing equivalent or equivalent transformation obtains
Technical scheme all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method for convenient and efficient, is characterized in that,
(1) preparation of substrate soil: count by volume, plain boiled water tongue peat: bagasse: quartz sand=5-7:1.5-2.5:1；
(2) preparation of cuttage cultivation groove: dig cuttage cultivation groove at subsurface, is directly placed into the substrate soil prepared in groove, or by base
Matter soil loads Simple flower pot, and flowerpot is put into groove；Cuttage afternoon before that day, the 1000-of substrate soil nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
1200 times of aqueous solutions irrigate, standby；
(3) selection of cuttage branch: after treating the mitogenetic side shoot of Radix Raphani, chooses in the healthy and strong anosis side shoots at different levels of more than side shoot length 8cm
Any side shoot as cuttage side shoot；
(4) process of cuttage branch: all cut selecting the cuttage side shoot blade length blade more than 3cm from base portion；Side shoot is long
Degree less than 30cm top alabastrum is removed, side shoot length >=30cm and less than 40cm by top alabastrum length less than 0.8cm
Whole remove, side shoot length top alabastrum length being removed less than the whole of 0.5cm at 40-50cm, side shoot length is more than
Top alabastrum length is removed by 50cm less than the whole of 0.2cm；
(5) cuttage: directly carry out cuttage, cuttage degree of depth 3.5-6.0cm, cuttage side shoot spacing 15-20cm after process；
(6) domestication survives: after cuttage the next morning water spray, at Waterlogged soil 0.5-1.0cm Vermiculitum, and carry out sunshade net built
Cover；Sunshade net removes and carries out water spray pouring front every day at twice, and temperature is maintained at more than 18 DEG C；After 5-7 days, young leaves is sprouted, and removes
Fall sunshade net, spray water every day 1 time and water；
(7) three grades mitogenetic on cuttage side shoot and above side shoot are all removed by lateral branch cutting breeding: the 20-30 days of cuttage,
Cover gauze carries out bee pollination, and bear pods later stage control water.
The Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient the most as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described plain boiled water tongue
Particle diameter≤the 5mm of peat, unit weight 0.12-0.14g/cm3, total porosity 45-55%, water holding space 40-50%, pH value is 6.0-
6.5, EC values are 0.3-0.5.
The Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient the most as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (2)
The degree of depth of cuttage cultivation groove is 9-12cm, wide 10-13cm, and the spacing between groove and groove is 55-60cm.
The Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient the most as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (2)
The size of Simple flower pot is 10*10*9cm.
The Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient the most as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (2)
The nitrogen of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium three essential fertilizer ratio are 14:10:18.
6. the Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient as described in any one in claim 1-5, its feature
It is that described step (3) employing stem is thick has the ring-type side shoot expanded in 0.5cm and close axil end.
7. the Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient as described in any one in claim 1-5, its feature
It is that the too high material of described step (5) side shoot depends on cuttage bar and is fixed.
8. the Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient as described in any one in claim 1-5, its feature
It is that described step (6) pouring that carries out at twice spraying water is: every morning 9:00-10:00 and 15:00-16:00 in afternoon respectively sprays water 1
Secondary.
9. the Radix Raphani lateral branch cutting breeding method of a kind of convenient and efficient as described in any one in claim 1-5, its feature
It is that described step (1) is counted by volume, plain boiled water tongue peat: bagasse: quartz sand=6:2:1.
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| CN1605239A (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2005-04-13 | 湖南农业大学 | Breeding of ramie low-position branching cuttage seedling and field seedling cultivation method |
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| CN102113459A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 韩明洋 | Cuttage seedling cultivation technology for fast-growing poplar |
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| CN104255258A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2015-01-07 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Spring bolting-resistant white radish side branch cutting seed multiplication method |
| CN105461383A (en) * | 2014-09-04 | 2016-04-06 | 天津森鑫源苗木种植有限公司 | Container nursery light substrate for eucalyptus and preparation method for container nursery light substrate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1605239A (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2005-04-13 | 湖南农业大学 | Breeding of ramie low-position branching cuttage seedling and field seedling cultivation method |
| JP2007006868A (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-18 | Kaiyo Bokujo:Kk | Sprout-cultivating sheet |
| CN102113459A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 韩明洋 | Cuttage seedling cultivation technology for fast-growing poplar |
| JP2013169176A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-09-02 | Asahi Group Holdings Ltd | Method for raising seedling of plant and method for cultivating plant |
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| CN106212227B (en) | 2019-12-03 |
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