CN103703974A - Method for cultivating sweet potatoes - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating sweet potatoes. The method comprises the steps that the cirrus of the sweet potatoes is taken and cut to be a cuttage explant comprising stem sections and functional leaves but not a terminal bud; axillary buds of the cuttage explant are removed, then the cuttage explant is placed in a cultivation medium for rooting cultivation in a cuttage mode, and potato seedlings are obtained; the potato seedlings are transplanted to the cultivation medium to be cultivated after seedling hardening; axillary buds on the potato seedlings are prevented from growing all the time in the whole cultivation process. The method is simple, high in resource utilization rate, capable of improving the economic yield of the sweet potatoes, particularly suitable for production of potato seeds and mini sweet potatoes, and capable of improving the accuracy of relative experimental researches on the sweet potatoes and creating peculiar potted plants for viewing and appreciation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture cultivation technology field, relate in particular to the cultivation method of a kind of sweet potato.
Background technology
Sweet potato originates in tropical Central America, and its degeneration-resistant disease resistance is strong, it is vigorous to grow, stable high yield, easy numerous easy kind, and Yi China extensively plants.Nowadays China can utilize arable area reducing gradually, and the cultivation of sweet potato, breeding and physiological Study deepen continuously, and agricultural and tourist industry are flourish, and the health food of sweet potato continues to bring out, so the concerned degree of sweet potato constantly increases.
Sweet potato is Convolvulaceae sweet potato genus sweet potato kind [Ipomoea batatas(L.) Lam.], and the herbaceous plant that overgrows is annual or perennial, leaf alternate, the growth of all throwing oneself on the ground after rattan grows into certain length, 1 meter of climing length, 3-4 rice or longer, underground root of tool.
During sweet potato cultivation, conventionally first by climing etc. the breeding of piece root, stem, obtain potato seedling, then potato seedling is implanted to land for growing field crops, it is main climing that the top continuous elongation of potato seedling forms, and axillary bud growth forms numerous lateral bines simultaneously, and main climing and lateral bine is along landing ground sprawl growth.In process of growth, climing and the lateral bine of the master of sweet potato hides mutually, be wound around, illumination and ventilative condition are poor, limited the output of sweet potato, although by vertical cultivation (as disclosed in the Chinese patent literature that publication number is CN101073303 " sweet-potato standing three-dimensional cultivation ", publication number is the Chinese patent literature of CN101073304 disclosed " suspending sweet-potato three-dimensional cultivation " etc.) method makes potato climing to Growth In Space with stretch and can improve the environment such as illumination, but need to build a large amount of supports, cost is high, and due on the tendril of sweet potato without tendril, it is poor that the stem tip is climbed ability, during vertical cultivation, need to the climing artificial bundle of potato be tied up and be wrapped on support, complex operation, labor cost is high.In addition, be no matter nature sprawl growth or adopt vertical cultivation, all need regularly sweet potato plant to be carried out to the field management such as pinching, lifting up of vines, human input is large.
The habit of growth that sweet potato overgrows is also for the scientific experiment research of sweet potato has brought no small puzzlement.As, in the genetic breeding of sweet potato, different materials is wound around mutually in field, severe jamming experimental investigation, and the knot potato cycle of general planting is long, to being bred as or when tuber formation, potato shape, the potato of intermediate materials becomes to grade research, the required time is long, has caused the cycle of breeding longer.In addition, in the resistance and disease and insect resistance Journal of Sex Research of sweet potato plant, owing to needing to design multiple processing, repetition in experiment, if the climing mutual winding of potato, not only meeting phase mutual interference between different disposal group, simultaneously when the investigation of result of the test, take up room large, and be unfavorable for the operation of test.Therefore, how to improve, overcome the above-mentioned defect that sweet potato crawls to overgrow and brings, significant to production and scientific research.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned defect, the invention provides the cultivation method of a kind of sweet potato, adopt micro potato seedling, can normally tie potato, the knot potato cycle is shorter, and method is simple, is conducive to the scientific experimentation researchs such as Sweet Potato Breeding, degeneration-resistant, disease and insect resistance.
A cultivation method for sweet potato, comprising:
(1) get the tendril of sweet potato, cut into the cuttage explant containing some stipes and functional leaf, described cuttage explant is not with terminal bud;
(2) remove after the axillalry bud on described cuttage explant, its cuttage is carried out in cultivation matrix to culture of rootage, obtain potato seedling;
(3) described potato seedling is transplanted to cultivation matrix and is cultivated after hardening; In whole incubation, stop the growth of axillalry bud on described potato seedling.
As preferably, described cuttage explant contains 1～8 stipes and 1～9 functional leaf.Preferred, described cuttage explant contains 3～5 stipes (number that it will be understood by those in the art that this place's stipes refer to complete stipes count meter) and 3～5 functional leafs.Preferred, described cuttage explant contains 3 functional leafs of 3 cauline leafs or 5 functional leafs of 5 stipes.All more excellent aspect the knot potato characteristics such as potato kind, knot potato quantity.
The breeding method of described tendril comprises: the cuttage of potato seedling is planted in cultivation matrix, and being cultured to sweet potato shoot growth has 2～9 functional leafs, collects and obtains described tendril.Now tendril is fresh, growth time is not long, and physiological status is good, is conducive to taking root in follow-up cultivation.
The breeding method of described cuttage explant comprises: get described tendril, below first functional leaf petiole of morphology lower end raw site, 4/5 place cuts off, according to stayed stipes number, in the end a functional leaf petiole the 1/5 place cut-out of top, raw site, obtains the cuttage explant containing some stipes and functional leaf.
Remove after the axillalry bud on described cuttage explant, at axillalry bud attachment region, smear the material that vaseline etc. suppresses axillary buds formation and growth, to stop axillalry bud to regenerate and to grow, certainly, also can be artificial break the axillalry bud growing.
Remove after the axillalry bud on described cuttage explant, then its cuttage is carried out to culture of rootage in cultivation matrix, during cuttage, generally make cuttage explant have a petiole raw site and imbed in described cultivation matrix, can make cuttage explant Rapid Rooting.
Suitable condition is conducive to cuttage explant Rapid Rooting, and in process of rooting culture, general temperature is 24～28 ℃, and the relative moisture of cultivation matrix is 70～80%, cultivates 7～9 days.Because the time of culture of rootage is shorter, conventionally do not have axillalry bud and grow, if there is indivedual axillary bud growths, still need to remove axillalry bud.
Field management after the hardening of potato seedling, transplanting and transplanting all can adopt routine techniques, just in the incubation after transplanting, need to stop the generation again of axillalry bud on described potato seedling, as adopted, manually break the method for removing, shearing, also can be by pressing down with chemistry such as vaseline the growth that bud reagent stops axillalry bud.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) in growth of sweet potato process, cauline leaf growth is expanded and is often occurred energy imbalance with piece root, causes yield of sweet potato to decline, the present invention is by controlling stem length and growing way, the contradiction of top and underground part, is conducive to dry matter and carries to underground part in phase, promotes piece root to expand.So the growth that suppresses sweet potato tendril can improve the output of potato piece, promotes to tie ahead of time potato.By suppressing the axillary bud growth of sweet potato, can make sweet potato functional leaf photosynthetic capacity fully develop, reduced the effective consumption of plant nutrition, improved the permeability between plant, reduce the disease of plant, can increase the storage rate of plant nutrition.Can utilize this sweet potato cultivation technique to high-efficiency to produce sweet potato, also can shorten the Sweet Potato Breeding cycle.
2) method of the present invention adopts micro potato seedling, can carry out the dense planting of sweet potato micro, saves the cultivation space of sweet potato experimental study, reduces damage by disease and insect, and the work that reduces field planting management drops into, and can improve the tuber yield of sweet potato;
3) method of the present invention can be applied to industrialized agriculture, carries out the mechanization intelligent management of sweet potato plant, reduces systematic error and human error in process of the test, improves efficiency and the accuracy of management;
4) method of the present invention can be applied to Sweet Potato Breeding test, the phenomenon that micro potato seedling there will not be tendril to be mutually wound around, does not need the field management such as pinching, lifting up of vines, reduces the field planting workload of selection experiment, reduce systematic error and the human error of breed breeding, shorten breeding cycle;
5) method of the present invention can be applied to physiology and the pathological study of sweet potato, reduces workload, improves efficiency and the sensitivity of research.
6) method of the present invention can be applied to appreciation and cultivation research, for this type of research and application provide new thinking.
7) method of the present invention is when preparation cuttage explant, do not need to use the stem apex of sweet potato tendril, in whole incubation, do not need axillalry bud, therefore the stem apex of tendril and axillalry bud can be sold for the production of fresh tender sprouts, improve peasant's income, also can use it for the seedling of producing sweet potato normal cutting propagation seedling.
8) method of the present invention can expand to the sweet potato cultivation pattern that only stops stem apex growth, regularly machinery extracts young tender stem apex, keeps the upright plant type of sweet potato, has both improved the tuber yield of sweet potato, can carry out mechanized harvest potato piece again, and the tender stem apex of children can be sold as bud dish.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
1. the cultivation of cuttage explant raw material
First, at Seedlings nursery, cultivate sweet potato seedling, technology is with producing upper conventional seedbed system method.Then, cultivate the sweet potato tendril that is suitable for making cuttage explant.From 18-20 centimetre of healthy and strong potato seedling of Seedlings nursery clip, its straight cutting is cultivated in the garden of collecting seedling, treat that potato seedling tendril grows to length and having 0.4-0.8 rice, the master of tendril is climing 2-9 sheet functional leaf, can collect tendril as the raw material of clip cuttage explant.
2. the seedbed of explant cuttage preparation
By nutritious seedling medium (Hangzhou Jinhai Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., No. 0044, fertile (2011) accurate word of Zhejiang agriculture) pack compare Shen cave, hole dish into, it is fully absorbed water and reach water content at 70%-80%, be put in 24-28 degree Celsius and greenhouse with the humid air standby.
3. the preparation of cuttage explant and cuttage
In the garden of collecting seedling, clip has the tendril of 2-9 sheet functional leaf, makes its underpart stem tangent plane in clear water, bring into indoor.The tendril of gathering is cut into as early as possible to the cuttage explant of predetermined kind, and cuttage is in the seedling culture hole plate of having made.
The type of cuttage explant comprises: single leaf, stipes a slice functional leaf, two stipes a slice functional leafs, two functional leafs of two stipes, three stipes a slice functional leafs, two functional leafs of three stipes, three functional leafs of three stipes etc., and make these functional leafs equal be born in the morphology upper end of stem.
The shearing of explant, cottage method: with the sweet potato tendril of functional leaf, healthy and strong functional leaf is cut from petiole base, made single leaf, in 500 times of liquid of 25% powder of carbendazim, soak 6 minutes, and its cuttage is entered in the cave dish of having made to about 3 centimetres of the cuttage degree of depth.Then use the same method and make next single leaf cuttage seeding.The same sweet potato tendril with functional leaf, axillalry bud is erased, and with 75% cotton ball soaked in alcohol, clean the juice of axil, fully smear albolene, then below first functional leaf petiole of morphology lower end raw site, 4/5 place cuts off, keep otch level and smooth as far as possible, away from explant default stipes count last functional leaf petiole raw site above 1/5 place cut off, also with 75% cotton ball soaked in alcohol, clean the juice of otch, fully smear albolene, and its cuttage is entered in the cave dish of having made, about 3 centimetres of the cuttage degree of depth, making explant with stipes have a petiole raw site imbeds in matrix.With the method, make successively above-mentioned dissimilar cuttage explant.
4. explant root of hair is grown seedlings
The dish of the cave with cuttage seeding of making is incubated under the environment of illumination abundance, warm (28 degree), ground moistening (relative moisture 80%), cultivate about one week, treat that cuttage seeding sends out roots, to pulling out with a hand young plant, cave mesostroma entirely can be taken out of and is advisable, now root is fully wound around matrix.Then acclimatization and transplants.Single leaf cuttage seeding, root of hair speed is slow, and root amount is few, needs seedling raise period long, approximately 3-6 days that cultivate more.
5. the transplanting of micro potato seedling
To cultivate garden ridging, row spacing 40cm, the high 25cm in ridge, every ridge a line, the spacing in the rows of cuttage seeding is 20cm.The cave dribbling of the sufficient cuttage seeding of root of hair, to cultivation garden, is chosen and is evenly seeded in land for growing field crops strong sprout, after transplanting, fully water.If weather arid after potato transplantation of seedlings, the 2-3 days that should water continuously, to guarantee to broadcast full stand.In transplanting process, find to grow the potato seedling of axillalry bud, the axillalry bud of should erasing, then with 75% cotton ball soaked in alcohol, clean the juice of wound, fully smear albolene.
6. the cultivation of micro potato seedling
According to the upgrowth situation of cuttage seeding, if potato seedling has bud to grow during cultivation management, should remove in time, and smear vaseline after sterilization.And this micro potato seedling should be noted wind sheltering cultivation preventing that strong wind from blowing disconnected by potato leaf.Before not having obvious plumpness, potato leaf notes preventing the harm of insect.
Take " heart fragrant " sweet potato by this culture technique and according to the method for above-mentioned 1-6, carried out experiment in cultivation as test material in 2013 Linan, Nian Zhejiang A & F University Zhejiang, take traditional cuttage seeding (not removing terminal bud and axillalry bud) for contrasting.First " heart is fragrant " single leaf seedling cutting time is August 6.The cutting time of second batch " heart fragrant " various explants (explant type comprises: single leaf, stipes of a slice functional leaf, two stipes of a slice functional leaf, two stipes of two functional leafs, three stipes of two functional leafs, three stipes of three functional leafs, five stipes of five functional leafs) and traditional cuttage seeding is August ten No. five.Harvest time is October 20 No. six, is respectively breeding time 79 days, 70 days.Administration period, the method that adopts artificial bud picking and use chemical contact insecticide (vaseline) to combine stops the axillary bud growth of micro potato seedling.Result of the test is as follows:
1. the plant type of micro potato seedling is peculiar, and explant cuttage is in the time of 32 days, and the blade face width of " heart is fragrant " each micro potato seedling reaches 11-16 centimetre, and stipes and petiole be sturdy unfolding all, and leaf look is deepened, and has very large ornamental value.
2. micro potato seedling and traditional cuttage seeding (traditional potato seedling) Part Traits is in full accord, and the potato color of the leather of stipes seedling of single leaf seedling, a slice functional leaf, two stipes seedlings of a slice functional leaf, two stipes seedlings of two functional leafs, three stipes seedlings of two functional leafs, three stipes seedlings of three functional leafs, five stipes seedlings of five functional leafs and traditional cuttage potato seedling of for example cultivation " heart is fragrant " is redness, potato yellowish pink is yellow, all without potato skin, chaps.So can accurately check with this micro potato seedling these proterties of sweet potato variety.In addition, in test, the dry rate of micro potato seedling is 23%-28%, traditional cuttage seeding be 27%-32%, change not quite.
3. compare with traditional cuttage seeding, along with the smaller volume of potato seedling, its Part Traits variation tendency is obvious.
Along with the minimizing of potato seedling leaf number, potato piece weighs and potato piece number reduces gradually, and gradual change also appears in potato shape.Five functional leaf seedlings (five stipes seedlings of five functional leafs), three functional leaf seedlings (three stipes seedlings of three functional leafs), two functional leaf seedlings (comprise two stipes seedlings of two functional leafs and three stipes seedlings of two functional leafs, both data are basically identical), the fresh potato anharmonic ratio value of a slice functional leaf band stipes seedling (comprise stipes seedling of a slice functional leaf and two stipes seedlings of a slice functional leaf, both data are basically identical) and traditional cuttage seeding is respectively 0.85,0.57,0.38,0.21.In addition, early the cuttage Dan Yemiao of 9 days and traditional cuttage seeding tie the heavy ratio of fresh potato be 0.05.For three functional leafs and above " heart is fragrant " cuttage seeding, the knot potato number of micro potato seedling can be the same with traditional cuttage seeding, reach 6, just the function number of sheets minimizing potato piece along with micro potato seedling becomes elongated, wherein the ratio of the long spindle-type potato piece of three following potato seedlings of functional leaf significantly increases, and Dan Yemiao can only bear elongated sweet potato radix bardanae substantially.
Unit mass blade is manufactured potato piece dry weight rate and is reduced, tradition cuttage seeding, five functional leaf seedlings, three functional leaf seedlings, two functional leaf seedlings (comprise two stipes seedlings of two functional leafs and three stipes seedlings of two functional leafs, both data are basically identical), the unit mass blade of a slice functional leaf seedling (comprise stipes seedling of a slice functional leaf and two stipes seedlings of a slice functional leaf, both data are basically identical) manufactures potato piece dry weight rate and is respectively 8.5,6.7,4.5,3.9,3.4.(unit mass blade is manufactured potato piece dry weight rate=potato piece dry weight/leaf dry weight) although the potato piece dry weight of the functional leaf manufacture of unit mass lacked, but in this process, improved the functional period of blade, reduced the waste of nutrition, improve the permeability between plant, improved the availability of blade to luminous energy and space.
4. root is climing increases with the number of blade minimizing of cuttage seeding than (R/T), and then reduces.Tradition cuttage seeding, five functional leaf seedlings, three functional leaf seedlings, two functional leaf seedlings (comprise two stipes seedlings of two functional leafs and three stipes seedlings of two functional leafs, both data are basically identical), the climing ratio of root of a slice functional leaf seedling (comprise stipes seedling of a slice functional leaf and two stipes seedlings of a slice functional leaf, both data are basically identical) is respectively 4.5,4.7,3.7,1.6-3.0,1.2-2.6.Wherein, 1.6-3.0 be because, the number of blade is identical, stipes number is more, the climing ratio of root is less.
5. can find out with the potato seedling of stipes than the Dan Yemiao knot potato with stipes is not Zao.Be that the Dan Yemiao of 70 days does not tie potato breeding time, the early cuttage Dan Yemiao of 9 days knot potato is on average heavily 6.5 grams, and the potato seedling of a stipes of a slice functional leaf (be 70 days breeding time) knot potato is on average heavily 11.0 grams, potato is on average heavy reaches 14.6～46.3 grams for two functional leafs and above micro potato seedling knot, and traditional cuttage seeding knot potato is on average heavily 61.3 grams.So the culture technique of this " short stipes+functional leaf " is better than single leaf culture technique.
The conclusion of above result of the test and enlightenment:
1. this sweet potato cultivation technology can produce peculiar ornamental plants.
2. this sweet potato cultivation technology can judge the Part Traits of sweet potato accurately, proterties such as potato color of the leather, potato yellowish pink, the be full of cracks of potato skin, and this advantage can be applied to the screening varieties in Sweet Potato Breeding.
3. this sweet potato cultivation technology can further search out the relation between this micro potato seedling and traditional potato seedling knot potato characteristic, quality trait and resistance thereof according to result of the test above, by the micro plantation of Sweet Potato Breeding material, can judge the upgrowth situation of sweet potato field planting, reduce sweet potato planting scale, to optimize Sweet Potato Breeding process.
4. photosynthetic product transportation and the simple advantage of storage that can utilize the blade in this culture technique to manufacture without senescence characteristics, blade, study quantitative relationship and influence factor thereof between potato seedling Leaf photosynthesis characteristics and potato piece nutrient accumulation.
5. can find a kind of High-efficient Production technology of sweet potato potato piece.In growth of sweet potato process, cauline leaf growth is expanded and is often occurred energy imbalance with piece root, causes yield of sweet potato to decline, and by controlling stem length and growing way, the contradiction of top and underground part, is conducive to dry matter and carries to underground part in phase, promotes piece root to expand.So the growth that suppresses sweet potato tendril can improve the output of potato piece, promotes to tie ahead of time potato.By suppressing the axillary bud growth of sweet potato, can make sweet potato functional leaf photosynthetic capacity fully develop, reduced the effective consumption of plant nutrition, improved the permeability between plant, reduce the disease of plant, can increase the storage rate of plant nutrition.Can utilize this sweet potato cultivation technique to high-efficiency to produce sweet potato, also can shorten the Sweet Potato Breeding cycle.
6. this sweet potato cultivation technology can make plant realize vertical cultivation, improves its availability to luminous energy.Can make like this sweet potato as corn, utilize better luminous energy, and search out the ideotype of sweet potato under this cultivation mode, reach the High-efficient Production potato piece of sweet potato plant.
7. this sweet potato cultivation technology (method), can be by the material of Sweet Potato Breeding and physiological test, and micro is planted in greenhouse, improves the uniformity of test material growing environment, reduces systematic error and the accidental error of test.
Claims (7)
1. a cultivation method for sweet potato, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) get the tendril of sweet potato, cut into the cuttage explant containing some stipes and functional leaf, described cuttage explant is not with terminal bud;
(2) remove after the axillalry bud on described cuttage explant, its cuttage is carried out in cultivation matrix to culture of rootage, obtain potato seedling;
(3) described potato seedling is transplanted to cultivation matrix and is cultivated after hardening; In whole incubation, stop the growth of axillalry bud on described potato seedling.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described cuttage explant contains 1～8 stipes and 1～8 functional leaf.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described cuttage explant contains 3～5 stipes and 3～5 functional leafs.
4. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the breeding method of described tendril comprises: the cuttage of potato seedling is planted in cultivation matrix, and the master who is cultured to sweet potato tendril long 2～9 functional leafs that have of overgrowing, collect and obtain described tendril.
5. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), removes after the axillalry bud of described cuttage explant, at axillalry bud attachment region, smears vaseline.
6. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, during described cuttage, makes cuttage explant have a petiole raw site and imbeds in described cultivation matrix.
7. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the time of described culture of rootage is 5～9 days, and temperature is 24～28 ℃.
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