CN111990193A - Planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes - Google Patents

Planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111990193A
CN111990193A CN202010686241.1A CN202010686241A CN111990193A CN 111990193 A CN111990193 A CN 111990193A CN 202010686241 A CN202010686241 A CN 202010686241A CN 111990193 A CN111990193 A CN 111990193A
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parts
sweet potatoes
planting
weight
mini
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张廷刚
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Ziyun Autonomous County Zixiangyuan Agriculture And Forestry Science And Technology Co ltd
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Ziyun Autonomous County Zixiangyuan Agriculture And Forestry Science And Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010686241.1A priority Critical patent/CN111990193A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
    • A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes; the method of cultivation in the planting bag is adopted, the special slow release fertilizer and the water retention gel for the sweet potatoes are matched at the same time, and the mixed plant hormones are applied, so that the nutrition balance of the growth of the sweet potatoes is effectively controlled, the weight of the root tuber of the mini sweet potatoes is between 150 and 180g, the shapes of the sweet potatoes are smooth, the sizes of the mini sweet potatoes are uniform, the starch content is up to 36.81 percent, and the mini sweet potatoes can be harvested within about 90 days.

Description

Planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes.
Background
The sweet potato, sweet potato and sweet potato are rich in starch, sugar, protein, vitamin, cellulose and various amino acids, and the sweet potato is slightly alkaline, so that the proper eating of the sweet potato can keep the pH value balance in blood, and is a very good nutritional food. Meanwhile, the sweet potato also contains rich mucinous protein, the substance not only can keep the lubrication in the joint cavity, but also can keep the elasticity of the cardiovascular wall of the human body, the tissue atherosclerosis, the subcutaneous fat reduction, the connective tissue atrophy in the liver and the kidney placement, the immunity of the organism is improved, and the unique dehydroepiandrosterone has the function of preventing colon cancer and breast cancer. The mini sweet potato is a small vegetable sweet potato with the mass of 50-150g, fine texture and rich flavor of a single sweet potato.
When sweet potato cultivation is carried out in the prior art, vines grow continuously, a plurality of lateral vines are formed at the same time, and the vines are interwoven with one another, so that not only is the illumination condition required by the growth of the sweet potatoes limited, but also the vines grow vigorously due to unbalanced nutrition supply, but also the problems of low root tuber yield, incomplete potato shape, insufficient nutrient content and the like are solved.
Patent document No. CN103703974B discloses a method for cultivating sweet potato, which comprises cutting the cirrus of sweet potato into cutting explant without terminal bud, removing axillary bud on the explant, smearing vaseline on the locus of the axillary bud, cutting in culture medium, and performing rooting culture to obtain potato seedling. The method can keep the growth of the vines of the sweet potatoes, thereby reducing the ineffective consumption of plant nutrition, being beneficial to conveying dry matters to the underground part, promoting the expansion of root tuber, improving the yield of the potato blocks and promoting the early potato bearing. However, the method of manually applying vaseline to the axillary buds is complicated, a large amount of manpower is needed, the consumed time and cost are high, and the axillary buds still need to be removed if the axillary buds grow out in the later period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes for solving the problems.
The method is realized by the following technical scheme:
the efficient planting method of the mini sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
1. mixing 55-70 parts of river sand, 65-90 parts of sandy soil and 6-12 parts of rice bran by weight to prepare cultivation soil, filling the cultivation soil into a degradable plastic bag to prepare a cylindrical cultivation bag with the diameter of 8-12cm, turning over on desertification land or mountain land, removing large stones, digging out a planting ditch, paving a layer of special slow release fertilizer with the thickness of 5-8cm on the bottom of the ditch, putting the cultivation bag on the slow release fertilizer, forming openings with the interval of 20-25cm on the surface of the cultivation bag, correspondingly burying preferred potato seeds into the cultivation bag, covering a layer of water retention gel with the thickness of 2-4cm on seed blocks, covering the cultivation bag and watering.
Furthermore, the degradable plastic bag is a thin plastic bag made of polyethylene oxide material or all-starch plastic.
Further, the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-18 parts of potassium nitrate, 15-17 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-12 parts of urea, 4-6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 25-30 parts of polylactic acid, 25-30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 15-20 parts of perlite.
Further, the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following steps: blending polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a degradable material, adding ground and roasted perlite, sequentially adding potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate, adjusting the humidity of the mixture to be 20-25% by using distilled water, preparing particles with the particle size of 2-5mm, and drying.
Further, the water-retaining gel comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-36 parts of hydrophilic material, 10-13 parts of epoxy chloropropane, 15-20 parts of phosphate buffer solution, 20-30 parts of acrylic acid, 2-6 parts of alginic acid, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate and 1-8 parts of magnesium sulfate; wherein the hydrophilic material consists of 10-12 parts of cysteine and 2-6 parts of chitosan powder by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the water-retaining gel comprises the following steps:
a. mixing potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and dissolving in phosphate buffer solution;
b. adding acrylic acid and a hydrophilic material into a phosphate buffer solution, heating to 40-55 ℃, adding the mixture obtained in the step a, dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane while stirring, reacting for 1-1.5h, adding alginic acid, continuously stirring until the mixture is in a transparent gel state, and drying.
2. And c, cutting off the vines when the branches and leaves of the potato seeds grow to 20-30cm, soaking the cutting seedlings in the rooting liquid for 1-3h, dipping plant ash at the cut, and cutting the cutting seedlings among the potato seeds in the step a to enable the distance between every two sweet potatoes to be 12-17 cm.
Further, the rooting solution comprises, but is not limited to, 10-12% sucrose aqueous solution and 0.8-1.2% potassium permanganate aqueous solution.
3. When the vines of the sweet potatoes grow to 3-4 stem nodes, the light is supplemented every day, and meanwhile, 5-12% of mixed phytohormone is added into water during watering, and the watering lasts for one month.
Furthermore, the illumination refers to irradiating the sweet potato vines for 4-5 hours by using ultraviolet light with the wavelength of 650-670nm every day.
Further, the mixed plant hormone is prepared by mixing abscisic acid, naphthylacetic acid and paclobutrazol according to the mass ratio of 1-2:4-7: 6-10.
4. And performing daily management, watering once every 3-5 days until the mini sweet potatoes are harvested.
In conclusion, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the method of cultivating in the planting bag is adopted, the special slow release fertilizer and the water retention gel for the sweet potatoes are matched at the same time, and the mixed plant hormones are applied, so that the nutrition balance of the growth of the sweet potatoes is effectively controlled, the weight of the root tuber of the mini sweet potatoes is between 150 and 180g, the shapes of the sweet potatoes are smooth, the sizes of the mini sweet potatoes are uniform, the content of starch is up to 36.81 percent, and the mini sweet potatoes can be harvested within about 90 days.
The cultivation bag is made of cultivation soil, the cultivation bag is buried in desertification land or mountain land to be planted, the use of the soil can be saved to the maximum degree, the cultivation bag can be used according to terrain and terrain, large-area flat land is rare for the terrain of Guizhou, many mountains are formed, desertification of some areas is serious, if the large-area land is cultivated as a farmland, the sustainable development of resources is unfavorable, the cost is high, the scheme of the application can utilize resources to the maximum degree, the cultivation bag is made of degradable materials, the environment cannot be affected, the cultivation bag can limit and shape the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes before degradation, the size of the sweet potatoes is kept uniform, and the situation that the growth of some sweet potatoes is too fast to limit the growth of the sweet potatoes beside the cultivation bag is avoided. The residual cultivation soil after the sweet potato is harvested can be used as nutrients of other plants in the mountain land or the desertified land, and the soil environment of the desertified land is effectively improved. The special slow release fertilizer for the sweet potatoes is laid at the bottom of the cultivation bag, so that the use of the fertilizer is reduced, the fertilizer effect is weaker when the sweet potatoes emerge at the early stage by adopting the fertilizing method, the burning of seedlings is avoided, the fertilizer effect is stronger when the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes grow and expand, and the nutrient elements required in the growth process of the sweet potatoes can be fully ensured. The seed blocks are also covered with a layer of water-retaining gel, so that the water content in the cultivation soil can be effectively maintained, the watering frequency is reduced, water is saved, the labor cost is reduced, the water-retaining gel also contains trace elements, alginic acid and chitosan are subjected to grafting modification by epoxy chloropropane, and cysteine is added to form network type polymeric gel, so that the trace elements can be wrapped in high molecular polymers to play a slow release effect, and can be slowly released along with the water and absorbed by the sweet potato root tuber to continuously provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of the sweet potatoes. During the growth process of the sweet potato, the light is supplemented, the mixed phytohormone is applied at the same time, the light is supplemented, so that the leaves can be rapidly shaped into small and thick leaves, the energy of the plant is prevented from being consumed by the large and thin leaves, more nutrient substances can be conveyed to the tubers of the sweet potato, the ultraviolet light of 650 plus 670nm can promote the starch synthesis, the starch content in the tubers of the sweet potato is improved, and the quality of the sweet potato is improved. The mixed phytohormone contains a large amount of naphthylacetic acid and paclobutrazol, can promote the growth of tuberous roots and inhibit the growth of stem and leaf buds, is matched with a small amount of abscisic acid to further inhibit the growth of the vines of the sweet potatoes, concentrates the nutrition on the tuberous roots of the sweet potatoes, improves the quality, shortens the planting period and has higher economic benefit when being sold in the market early.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and any modifications or substitutions in the basic spirit of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention as claimed in the claims.
Example 1
The efficient planting method of the mini sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
1. mixing 65 parts of river sand, 80 parts of sandy loam and 9 parts of rice bran by weight to prepare cultivation soil, filling the cultivation soil into a plastic bag made of polyethylene oxide material to prepare a cylindrical cultivation bag with the diameter of 10cm, turning over on desertification land or mountain land, removing large stones, digging out a planting ditch, laying a layer of slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes with the thickness of 7cm at the bottom of the ditch, putting the cultivation bag on the slow release fertilizer, forming openings with the distance of 23cm on the surface of the cultivation bag, correspondingly embedding preferred sweet potatoes into the cultivation bag, covering a layer of water retention gel with the thickness of 3cm on seed blocks, covering the cultivation bag and watering.
Further, the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 14 parts of potassium nitrate, 16 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 11 parts of urea, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 27 parts of polylactic acid, 27 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 17 parts of perlite.
Further, the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following steps: blending polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a degradable material, adding ground and roasted perlite, sequentially adding potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate, adjusting the humidity of the mixture to 23% by using distilled water, preparing particles with the particle size of 4mm, and drying.
Further, the water-retaining gel comprises the following components in parts by weight: 33 parts of hydrophilic material, 12 parts of epoxy chloropropane, 17 parts of phosphate buffer solution, 25 parts of acrylic acid, 4 parts of alginic acid, 4 parts of potassium sulfate and 4 parts of magnesium sulfate; the hydrophilic material comprises 11 parts of cysteine and 4 parts of chitosan powder by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the water-retaining gel comprises the following steps:
a. mixing potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and dissolving in phosphate buffer solution;
b. and (b) adding acrylic acid and a hydrophilic material into a phosphate buffer solution, heating to 50 ℃, adding the mixture obtained in the step a, dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane while stirring, reacting for 1 hour, adding alginic acid, continuously stirring until the mixture is in a transparent gel state, and drying.
2. And c, cutting off vines when the branches and leaves of the potato seeds grow to 25cm, soaking the cutting seedlings in a sucrose aqueous solution with the concentration of 11% for 2h, dipping plant ash at the cut, and cutting the cutting seedlings among the potato seeds in the step a to enable the distance between every two sweet potatoes to be 15 cm.
3. When the vines of the sweet potatoes grow to 4 stem nodes, the illumination is supplemented every day, and meanwhile, 9% of mixed phytohormone is added into water during watering, and the watering lasts for one month.
Furthermore, the illumination refers to irradiating the sweet potato vines with 660nm ultraviolet light for 4.5 hours every day.
Further, the mixed plant hormone is prepared by mixing abscisic acid, naphthylacetic acid and paclobutrazol in a mass ratio of 1.5:6: 8.
4. And performing daily management, and watering once every 4 days until the mini sweet potatoes are harvested.
Example 2
The efficient planting method of the mini sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
1. mixing 55 parts of river sand, 65 parts of sandy loam and 6 parts of rice bran by weight to prepare cultivation soil, filling the cultivation soil into a plastic bag made of full-starch plastics to prepare a cylindrical cultivation bag with the diameter of 8cm, turning over on desertification land or mountain land, removing large stones, digging out a planting ditch, laying a layer of slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes with the thickness of 5cm at the bottom of the ditch, putting the cultivation bag on the slow release fertilizer, forming openings with the interval of 20cm on the surface of the cultivation bag, correspondingly embedding preferred sweet potatoes into the cultivation bag, covering a layer of water retention gel with the thickness of 2cm on seed blocks, covering the cultivation bag and watering.
Further, the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of potassium nitrate, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10 parts of urea, 4 parts of calcium superphosphate, 25 parts of polylactic acid, 25 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 15 parts of perlite.
Further, the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following steps: blending polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a degradable material, adding ground and roasted perlite, sequentially adding potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate, adjusting the humidity of the mixture to be 20% by using distilled water, preparing particles with the particle size of 2mm, and drying.
Further, the water-retaining gel comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of hydrophilic material, 10 parts of epoxy chloropropane, 15 parts of phosphate buffer solution, 20 parts of acrylic acid, 2 parts of alginic acid, 3 parts of potassium sulfate and 1 part of magnesium sulfate; the hydrophilic material comprises 10 parts by weight of cysteine and 2 parts by weight of chitosan powder.
Further, the preparation method of the water-retaining gel comprises the following steps:
a. mixing potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and dissolving in phosphate buffer solution;
b. and (b) adding acrylic acid and a hydrophilic material into a phosphate buffer solution, heating to 40 ℃, adding the mixture obtained in the step a, dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane while stirring, reacting for 1 hour, adding alginic acid, continuously stirring until the mixture is in a transparent gel state, and drying.
2. And c, cutting off vines when the branches and leaves of the potato seeds grow to 20cm, soaking the cutting seedlings in the rooting liquid for 1h, dipping plant ash at the cut, and cutting the cutting seedlings among the potato seeds in the step a to enable the distance between every two sweet potatoes to be 12 cm.
Further, the rooting solution includes, but is not limited to, 10% sucrose aqueous solution and 0.8% potassium permanganate aqueous solution.
3. When the vines of the sweet potatoes grow to 3 stem nodes, the light is supplemented every day, and meanwhile, 5% of mixed phytohormone is added into water during watering, and the watering lasts for one month.
Furthermore, the illumination refers to irradiating the sweet potato vines with ultraviolet light of 650nm for 4 hours every day.
Further, the mixed plant hormone is prepared by mixing abscisic acid, naphthylacetic acid and paclobutrazol in a mass ratio of 1:4: 6.
4. And performing daily management, watering once every 3 days until the mini sweet potatoes are harvested.
Example 3
The efficient planting method of the mini sweet potatoes comprises the following steps:
1. mixing 70 parts of river sand, 90 parts of sandy loam and 12 parts of rice bran by weight to prepare cultivation soil, filling the cultivation soil into a plastic bag made of polyethylene oxide material to prepare a cylindrical cultivation bag with the diameter of 12cm, turning over on desertification land or mountain land, removing large stones, digging out a planting ditch, paving a layer of slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes with the thickness of 8cm at the bottom of the ditch, putting the cultivation bag on the slow release fertilizer, forming openings with the distance of 25cm on the surface of the cultivation bag, correspondingly embedding preferred sweet potatoes into the cultivation bag, covering a layer of water retention gel with the thickness of 4cm on seed blocks, covering the cultivation bag and watering.
Further, the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18 parts of potassium nitrate, 17 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 12 parts of urea, 6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30 parts of polylactic acid, 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 20 parts of perlite.
Further, the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following steps: blending polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a degradable material, adding ground and roasted perlite, sequentially adding potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate, adjusting the humidity of the mixture to be 25% by using distilled water, preparing particles with the particle size of 5mm, and drying.
Further, the water-retaining gel comprises the following components in parts by weight: 36 parts of hydrophilic material, 13 parts of epoxy chloropropane, 20 parts of phosphate buffer solution, 30 parts of acrylic acid, 6 parts of alginic acid, 5 parts of potassium sulfate and 8 parts of magnesium sulfate; the hydrophilic material comprises 12 parts by weight of cysteine and 6 parts by weight of chitosan powder.
Further, the preparation method of the water-retaining gel comprises the following steps:
a. mixing potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and dissolving in phosphate buffer solution;
b. and (b) adding acrylic acid and a hydrophilic material into a phosphate buffer solution, heating to 55 ℃, adding the mixture obtained in the step a, dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane while stirring, reacting for 1.5h, adding alginic acid, continuously stirring until the mixture is in a transparent gel state, and drying.
2. And c, cutting off vines when the branches and leaves of the potato seeds grow to 30cm, soaking the cutting seedlings in 35% indoleacetic acid alcohol solution for 3h, dipping plant ash in the cutting openings, and cutting the cutting seedlings among the potato seeds in the step a to enable the distance between every two sweet potatoes to be 17 cm.
3. When the vines of the sweet potatoes grow to 4 stem nodes, the illumination is supplemented every day, and meanwhile, 12% of mixed phytohormone is added into water during watering, and the watering lasts for one month.
Furthermore, the illumination refers to irradiating the sweet potato vines with ultraviolet light of 670nm for 5 hours every day.
Further, the mixed plant hormone is prepared by mixing abscisic acid, naphthylacetic acid and paclobutrazol in a mass ratio of 2:7: 10.
4. And performing daily management, watering once every 5 days until the mini sweet potatoes are harvested.
First, screening comparative experiment
Experiment 1: in the experiment, under the same conditions as those in example 1, the cultivation soil is replaced by fertile soil in a common farmland;
experiment 2: in the experiment, under the same conditions as those in example 1, the special slow-release fertilizer for the sweet potatoes is not laid at the bottoms of the planting furrows, and the fertilizer application mode is changed into the mode of applying the special slow-release fertilizer for the sweet potatoes every two weeks during the period of supplementing illumination;
experiment 3: in the experiment, under the same conditions as those in example 1, cultivation soil is directly adopted for planting, and degradable plastic bags are not used for manufacturing cultivation bags;
experiment 4: in the experiment, under the same conditions as those in example 1, the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes is replaced by the base fertilizer in CN 109717037A;
experiment 5: in this experiment, the water-retaining gel was replaced with a normal hydrogel under the same conditions as in example 1;
experiment 6: in the experiment, under the same conditions as those of the example 1, the cutting seedlings are not soaked in rooting liquid, and plant ash is not dipped at the cut parts, so that the cut cutting seedlings are directly subjected to cutting;
experiment 7: the experiment was carried out under the same conditions as in example 1 without additional UV illumination;
experiment 8: in this experiment, the plant hormone was not added and mixed under the same conditions as in example 1.
Results of the experiment
The harvest time of the sweet potatoes planted in the example 1 is 87 days, the average weight of the sweet potatoes is 172g, and the difference between the maximum weight and the minimum weight of the sweet potatoes after grading is 28 g; the harvest time of the sweet potatoes planted in the experiment 1 is 107 days, the average weight of the sweet potatoes is 140g, and the difference between the maximum weight and the minimum weight of the sweet potatoes is 53g after grading; the harvest time of the sweet potatoes planted in the experiment 2 is 98 days, and the average weight of the sweet potatoes is 161 g; experiments 3 show that the sweet potatoes planted in the experiment 3 have different shapes and sizes, the difference between the maximum weight and the minimum weight of the sweet potatoes is 68g, and the maximum weight of the sweet potatoes can reach 203 g; experiment 4 after cuttage, seedlings are burnt, and because the sweet potatoes need potassium, the average weight of the sweet potatoes is 134g, and the harvesting time needs 105 days; in experiment 6, the sweet potatoes planted by cutting are small, the overall average weight is 107g, the difference between the sizes and the weights reaches 84g, the harvesting time is 97 days, and part of cutting seedlings die; the sweet potato in experiment 7 has large and thin leaves, more leaves and average weight of 154 g; in experiment 8, the sweet potato has long vines and more leaves, and the average weight of the sweet potato is 147 g. In summary, although the difference between the sweet potatoes planted in experiment 2 and that planted in example 1 is not great, from the economic point of view, the sweet potatoes planted in example 1 come into the market early, do not need to be fertilized for multiple times, and save resources, so that the sweet potatoes planted in example 1 are most preferable.
Second, measuring the starch content of sweet potato
2.1 materials of the experiment
One sweet potato was randomly selected and tested from the sweet potatoes harvested in example 1, experiment 4 and experiment 7.
2.2 Experimental methods
Starch content determination of sweet potatoes was carried out according to the method of GB/T5009.9-2003, with three determinations per sweet potato averaged and the results expressed as a percentage.
2.3 results of the experiment
TABLE 1
Item Example 1 Experiment 1 Experiment 4 Experiment 7
Starch content 36.81％ 28.33％ 30.27％ 24.56％
Water retention rate experiment
3.1 Experimental materials
Hydrogel in experiment 5 and water-retaining gel in example 1
3.2 Experimental methods
The two gels were placed in a sweet potato planting environment after absorbing sufficient water, and the water retention of the gels at that time was measured for one week, two weeks, one month, and two months, respectively, and the results are shown in table 2.
3.3 results of the experiment
TABLE 2
Figure RE-GDA0002720110530000101
The experimental results are combined to show that the scheme of the example 1 is most preferable, and the economic benefit is the highest.

Claims (10)

1. A planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. preparing cultivation soil, filling the cultivation soil into a degradable plastic bag, making a cylindrical cultivation bag with the diameter of 8-12cm, turning over on desertified land or mountain land, removing large stones, digging out a planting ditch, paving a layer of slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes with the thickness of 5-8cm at the bottom of the ditch, putting the cultivation bag on the slow release fertilizer, forming openings with the distance of 20-25cm on the surface of the cultivation bag, correspondingly embedding preferred sweet potato seeds into the cultivation bag, covering a layer of water retention gel with the thickness of 2-4cm on the seed blocks, covering the cultivation bag and watering;
b. b, cutting off vines when branches and leaves of the potato seeds grow to 20-30cm, soaking the cutting seedlings in a rooting solution for 1-3h, dipping plant ash at the cut, and cutting the cutting seedlings among the potato seeds in the step a to enable the distance between every two sweet potatoes to be 12-17 cm;
c. supplementing illumination every day when the vines of the sweet potatoes grow to 3-4 stem nodes, and adding 5-12% of mixed phytohormone into water during watering for one month;
d. and performing daily management, watering once every 3-5 days until the mini sweet potatoes are harvested.
2. The method for growing high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation soil is prepared by mixing 55-70 parts by weight of river sand, 65-90 parts by weight of sandy loam and 6-12 parts by weight of rice bran.
3. The planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-18 parts of potassium nitrate, 15-17 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 10-12 parts of urea, 4-6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 25-30 parts of polylactic acid, 25-30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 15-20 parts of perlite.
4. The planting method of high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the slow release fertilizer special for sweet potatoes is as follows: blending polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a degradable material, adding ground and roasted perlite, sequentially adding potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, urea and calcium superphosphate, adjusting the humidity of the mixture to be 20-25% by using distilled water, preparing particles with the particle size of 2-5mm, and drying.
5. The method for planting high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-retaining gel comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-36 parts of hydrophilic material, 10-13 parts of epoxy chloropropane, 15-20 parts of phosphate buffer solution, 2-6 parts of alginic acid, 20-30 parts of acrylic acid, 3-5 parts of potassium sulfate and 1-8 parts of magnesium sulfate;
6. the method for planting high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 5, wherein the hydrophilic material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of cysteine and 2-6 parts of chitosan powder;
7. the method for planting high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 5, wherein the water-retaining gel is prepared by the following steps:
a. mixing potassium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, and dissolving in phosphate buffer solution;
b. adding acrylic acid and a hydrophilic material into a phosphate buffer solution, heating to 40-55 ℃, adding the mixture obtained in the step a, dropwise adding epoxy chloropropane while stirring, reacting for 1-1.5h, adding alginic acid, continuously stirring until the mixture is in a transparent gel state, and drying.
8. The method for planting high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rooting solution includes but is not limited to sucrose solution with concentration of 10-12% and potassium permanganate solution with concentration of 0.8-1.2%.
9. The method for planting high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the supplementary illumination is to irradiate the vines of the sweet potatoes with ultraviolet light of 650-670nm for 4-5h every day.
10. The method for growing high-quality mini sweet potatoes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed phytohormone is prepared by mixing abscisic acid, naphthylacetic acid and paclobutrazol in a mass ratio of 1-2:4-7: 6-10.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115644063A (en) * 2022-11-11 2023-01-31 青岛农业大学 Rapid propagation method of virus-free raw seedling of sweet potato

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CN103703974A (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-04-09 浙江农林大学 Method for cultivating sweet potatoes
CN104584850A (en) * 2015-02-06 2015-05-06 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 Mini-size/small-size sweet potato cultivation method
CN104663410A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-06-03 青岛农业大学 Sweet potato seedling cultivating bag
CN107439217A (en) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-08 临沂市农业科学院 A kind of fruit type sweet potato method for non-polluted cultivation
CN109511504A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-26 安徽省阜阳永祥良种服务有限责任公司 A kind of sweet potato implantation methods

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103703974A (en) * 2013-12-18 2014-04-09 浙江农林大学 Method for cultivating sweet potatoes
CN104663410A (en) * 2015-02-03 2015-06-03 青岛农业大学 Sweet potato seedling cultivating bag
CN104584850A (en) * 2015-02-06 2015-05-06 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 Mini-size/small-size sweet potato cultivation method
CN107439217A (en) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-08 临沂市农业科学院 A kind of fruit type sweet potato method for non-polluted cultivation
CN109511504A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-26 安徽省阜阳永祥良种服务有限责任公司 A kind of sweet potato implantation methods

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115644063A (en) * 2022-11-11 2023-01-31 青岛农业大学 Rapid propagation method of virus-free raw seedling of sweet potato

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