CN108934517A - A kind of breeding method of white beef tea sapling - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of white beef tea sapling Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108934517A
CN108934517A CN201810945018.7A CN201810945018A CN108934517A CN 108934517 A CN108934517 A CN 108934517A CN 201810945018 A CN201810945018 A CN 201810945018A CN 108934517 A CN108934517 A CN 108934517A
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tea
white
sapling
seedling
beef
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蒙建玲
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23Solutions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/30Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
    • C05G5/38Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosure sets forth a kind of breeding methods of the white beef tea sapling of the rare kind of the tealeaves of Dayaoshan, Guangxi, it is cultivated including the maternal cultivation of selection, nurturing an environment selection, reclamation of wasteland site preparation, branch cutting, tea seedling, the control of pest and disease damage, the white beef tea sapling that the present invention cultivates, both had the advantages that the wild whites beef tea trees itself such as aloof from politics and material pursuits wild white beef tea tree tea aroma, flavour glycol, soup look be bright were unique, also the white underdeveloped disadvantage of ox tea root is compensated for, and having stronger adaptive capacity to environment, survival rate is high.Cultivating process does not apply any artificial synthesized chemical fertilizer, pesticide and plant growth regulator, meets the standard that international organic tea sapling is cultivated.

Description

A kind of breeding method of white beef tea sapling
Technical field
The present invention relates to tea seedling Cultivating techniques field, the breeding method of specifically a kind of white beef tea sapling.
Background technique
White beef tea tree is a kind of good ancient tea tree kind, originates in the Luo Xiang of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Yao Autonomous County of Jinxiu The village Bai Niu of township, but the original remaining quantity of tea tree is few at present.White beef tea category green tea fits green tea processed and six fort tea.Originally be it is wild, It is grown in by the valley in virgin forest, precious jade born of the same parents just plant near stockaded village in recent years more.White beef tea shape is emerald green, shows milli, fragrant Gas is dense clearly, and flavour sweetness is mellow, is placed on chews in the mouth together according to the white beef tea of load and copper coin, copper coin can be chewed.From China in 1985 Multidigit tealeaves professor expert meets in Guilin Theaceae institute, has witnessed tealeaves jointly and has chewed the peculiar on-the-spot demonstration for spitting copper coin, and has confirmed White beef tea is Guangxi peculiar product, and is classified as Guangxi Famous High-quality Tea.The white beef tea tree planting location township Luo Xiang catches this advantage, Start to greatly develop white beef tea tree planting, with the rapid development of Tea Industry industry, artificial tea area of base constantly expands, to tea The demand of sapling is also increasing.But from want of experience, the breeding method of white beef tea sapling is not standardized, one It is directly in the exploratory stage, the sapling quality cultivated is irregular, and itself root system is undeveloped due to wild white beef tea, sapling Survival rate is low, and tea tree nutrition intake is insufficient, and the tea bush productivity planted is not high, and the tealeaves that artificial growth obtains also offsets from wild The sweet aromatic flavour of white beef tea tree tealeaves.Every tea grower is studying the method for planting out excellent white beef tea tree as possible, still So far the written cultivation implantation methods of specification are never had.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to cultivate in view of the above-mentioned problems, provide a kind of breeding method of white beef tea sapling White beef tea sapling had both had the wild whites beef tea trees itself such as wild white beef tea tree tea aroma is aloof from politics and material pursuits, flavour glycol, soup look become clear Unique advantage, also compensates for the white underdeveloped disadvantage of ox tea root, and have stronger adaptive capacity to environment, survival rate It is high.
A kind of breeding method of white beef tea sapling of the present invention, including the following contents:
(1) the white beef tea tree that flourishing, stem is sturdy, produces tea rate height, no disease and pests harm is selected in the wild white beef tea woods, is selected Its branch is as scion, and with full axillary bud and healthy and strong blade on every scion grafting fringe, one bud of scion, one leaf is 3-4cm, two buds Two leaves are 5-7cm, and the same day adopts grafting on the day of fringe;A kind of tea tree that root system is very flourishing is selected to be transferred as stock in locality It is cultivated after connecing and produces that tea rate is high, disease-resistant performance is good, strong environmental adaptability tea tree, and with can be obtained after its branch cutting nursery Well developed root system and the tea tree for retaining parent excellent characteristics, then cultivate the tea tree cultivated after grafting and its branch cutting The female parent cultivated as the white beef tea sapling of the present invention of tea tree.
(2) hillside far from city and industrial area and the level land or the gradient of village and highway no more than 15 degree is selected, is built It stands white beef tea sapling and cultivates garden, field requires have abundant water resources, is pollution-free, the several water draining and accumulating ponds of reasonable construction in field.
(3) by horsehit, cow dung or sheep dung and plant ash after fermentation maturity dries pulverizing, with montmorillonite powder, calcium and magnesium Phosphate fertilizer and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are mixed and made into particle, then carry out 2-3 Cotton seeds to it with coated with resin agent and prepare slow release fertilizer; Montmorillonite can form unstable organic complex with nitrogen manure, can make nitrogen slow release in the soil, to improve The utilization rate of nitrogen manure reduces the loss and volatilization of nitrogen;And the mine trace element that is contained due to montmorillonite itself and dilute Earth elements favorably promote plant growth.Montmorillonite is added in fertilizer to be repeatedly coated again so that the release of fertilizer is more slow Slowly, validity period is more permanent, not only can cause to burn to avoid the release of fertilizer fertility is too fast during rigid plantation using the slow release fertilizer The phenomenon that seedling;Utilization rate of fertilizer can also be improved, does not have to often fertilising, saves fertilizer, save labour.
(4) trees, shrub, weeds and the stone on ground are cleared up, preceding 3-4 months of cuttage carry out soil with powdery ridge deep It ploughs, depth is 50cm or more, sprinkles pulverized limestone and carries out disinfection to soil and removes the evil;Preceding 1-2 months of plantation plough shallowly to soil, Depth is 20-30cm, and base manure of the slow release fertilizer as sapling is applied when digging;Soil is divided into several zonules according to specification, And be organized into multiple seedbeds, the native slag on seedbed surface layer put down it is broken, pave;It establishes greenhouse and field is surrounded covering.
(5) branch that full axillary bud and 1-3 piece stalwartness blade are had from maternal clip, in branch lower end insertion mountain spring water It impregnates 4-6 hours, is inserted into liquid organic fertilizer and impregnates 20-30 minutes, then carry out cuttage, seeding row spacing 20cm*(20-30) Cm retains 3-5cm and 1 axillary bud or more and leaf or more on seedbed, waters it until water after the completion of cuttage Root lower end is penetrated into, soil has sinking after watering, is then covered with fine sand;Cuttage is complete on the day of the branch of same day clip.
(6) it when Miao Yuan grows weeds, manually roots out, grass hole is filled and led up as far as possible after pulling out, and tea seedling is poured Water.
(7) it need to water when under using the method sprayed, branch just to insert tea seedling watering, water every other day after a week daily, Below according to weather condition and tea seedling growth situation watering.
(8) horsehit, cow dung or sheep dung are placed in closed fermentation vat, be added molasses, eucalyptus leaves, artemisia annua/Lysimachia foenum-graecum, Then wormwood and tea bran or peanut press pulp inject mountain spring water in fermentation vat, fermentation 15 days or more, it is equal that fulvic acid stirring are added It is even, it refilters to obtain organic liquid fertilizer, the Liquid Fertilizer is full of nutrition, contains substance needed for tea seedling growth.It is added yellow rotten A variety of main natural nutrition elements needed for phytic acid contains plant, can be from Foliage Absorption, while enhancing photosynthesis, strong plant, promotees Into increasing crop yield and restore its natural color, smell and taste.Organic liquid fertilizer is sprayed by the pipeline to water when fertilising.
(9) in the installation solar deinsectization lamp per a piece of zonule surrounding and placement pest haftplatte in seedling garden;Raise some tea The natural enemy of tree pest runs out it on suitable opportunity;It can be subject to artificial capture method or sprinkling organic agriculture when disease pest and too many pest Medicine, organic agricultural chemicals are that the biogenic pesticide nontoxic to tea seedling and other beneficial organisms is selected according to the type of pest.
(10) it is trimmed when tea seedling growth is by horizontal closure, keeps the tea seedling height on seedbed concordant, be out of the garden it It is preceding that tea seedling is carried out hardening 30-60 days.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention enables the white beef tea of the rare kind of the tealeaves of Dayaoshan, Guangxi to preserve and be expanded plantation, enriches me The excellent tea tree breed of country and establish the white beef tea sapling breeding method of specification a kind of because white beef tea shape is emerald green, show In the least, fragrance is dense clearly, and flavour sweetness is mellow, effective in cure to treatment dysentery, lung tracheopathy and stomach trouble.
2, the present invention is excellent maternal again by cottage breeding sapling using engrafting and cultivating, is conducive to keep wild white beef tea sweet The flavour of fragrant and sweet alcohol, and overcome the white underdeveloped disadvantage of ox tea root, cultivating has the advantages that wild white beef tea tree and root system Flourishing white beef tea tree seedling improves sapling survival rate;The excellent female parent that the engrafting and cultivating comes out is by verifying, with its branch The white beef tea tree of cottage breeding has the advantages that the characteristic of wild white beef tea tree and well developed root system really, can be cultivated on a large scale, Seed selection nursery can guarantee the quality of later period sapling on the basis of verifying after study.When tea seedling growth is by horizontal closure It is trimmed, the tea seedling speed of growth for inhibiting some growth too fast keeps most of tea seedling speed of growth consistent, can reach simultaneously Outplanting rate to the standard of being out of the garden, tea seedling is high.
3, cultivating the fertilizer that white beef tea tree seedling uses is that montmorillonite, calcium magnesium phosphate is added by fermentation maturity in farmyard manure Meet tea seedling growth needs as base manure with ammonium hydrogen carbonate, and montmorillonite has slow releasing function, then carries out to fertiliser granulates more So that the release of fertilizer is slower, validity period is more permanent for secondary coating, not only can be to avoid rigid plantation using the slow release fertilizer Period fertilizer fertility discharges too fast the phenomenon that causing burn seedlings;Utilization rate of fertilizer can also be improved, does not have to often fertilising, saves fertilizer Material saves labour.The liquid organic fertilizer of later period application, preparation method is simple, rationally using local waste, so that object is most It is used, fertilizer is discharged in fluid form, it is simple and convenient and be conducive to sapling absorb;Appropriate yellow rotten plant is added in liquid fertilizer Acid, a variety of main natural nutrition elements needed for fulvic acid contains plant, can be from Foliage Absorption, while enhancing photosynthesis, strong Plant promotes tea tree to increase production and restore its natural color, smell and taste.
4, entire cultivating process does not apply any artificial synthesized chemical fertilizer, pesticide and plant growth regulator, after both meeting The plantation of continuous organic tree plant needs, and produces the tealeaves for meeting organic food standard;And be conducive to protect local environment, it realizes Sustainable development.
Specific embodiment
For the more detailed introduction present invention, below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1, a kind of breeding method content of white beef tea sapling are as follows:
(1) the white beef tea tree that flourishing, stem is sturdy, produces tea rate height, no disease and pests harm is selected in the wild white beef tea woods, is selected Its branch is as scion, and with full axillary bud and healthy and strong blade on every scion grafting fringe, one bud of scion, one leaf is 3-4cm, two buds Two leaves are 5-7cm, and the same day adopts grafting on the day of fringe;A kind of holy kind of tea tree in the South Mountain that root system is very flourishing is selected (to pass in Hengxian County Say it is excellent tea tree breed that Ming Dynasty escape emperor builds that tawny daylily Supreme Being cultivates personally) as stock, it is cultivated after being grafted and produces tea rate It is high, disease-resistant performance is good, strong environmental adaptability tea tree, and with can obtain well developed root system after its branch cutting nursery and retain female The tea tree of body excellent characteristics, then the tea tree cultivated the tea tree cultivated after grafting and its branch cutting is as the present invention The female parent that white beef tea sapling is cultivated.
(2) level land or slope far from city and industrial area and village and highway are selected in Nanning Heng County South Asia town Degree is no more than 15 degree of hillside, establishes white beef tea sapling and cultivates garden, field requires have abundant water resources, is pollution-free, in field rationally Build several water draining and accumulating ponds.
(3) by horsehit, cow dung or sheep dung and plant ash after fermentation maturity dries pulverizing, with montmorillonite powder, calcium and magnesium Phosphate fertilizer and ammonium hydrogen carbonate are mixed and made into particle, then carry out 2 Cotton seeds to it with coated with resin agent and prepare slow release fertilizer.
(4) trees, shrub, weeds and the stone on ground are cleared up, first 3 months of cuttage deep plough to soil with powdery ridge, Depth is 50cm or more, sprinkles pulverized limestone and carries out disinfection to soil and removes the evil;Plantation ploughs shallowly to soil in first 1 month, depth For 30cm, base manure of the slow release fertilizer as sapling is applied when digging;Soil is divided into several zonules according to specification, and is organized into Multiple seedbeds, the native slag on seedbed surface layer put down it is broken, pave;It establishes greenhouse and field is surrounded covering.
(5) branch that full axillary bud and 1-3 piece stalwartness blade are had from maternal clip, in branch lower end insertion mountain spring water It impregnates 5 hours, is inserted into liquid organic fertilizer and impregnates 25 minutes, then carry out cuttage, seeding row spacing 20cm*25cm, on seedbed Retain 3-5cm and 1 axillary bud or more and leaf or more, is watered to it after the completion of cuttage until water penetration to root Lower end, soil has sinking after watering, is then covered with fine sand;Cuttage is complete on the day of the branch of same day clip.
(6) it when Miao Yuan grows weeds, manually roots out, grass hole is filled and led up as far as possible after pulling out, and tea seedling is poured Water.
(7) it need to water when under using the method sprayed, branch just to insert tea seedling watering, water every other day after a week daily, Below according to weather condition and tea seedling growth situation watering.
(8) horsehit, cow dung or sheep dung are placed in closed fermentation vat, be added molasses, eucalyptus leaves, artemisia annua/Lysimachia foenum-graecum, Then wormwood and tea bran or peanut press pulp inject mountain spring water in fermentation vat, fermentation 15 days or more, it is equal that fulvic acid stirring are added It is even, refilter to obtain organic liquid fertilizer, when fertilising is sprayed organic liquid fertilizer by the pipeline to water.
(9) in the installation solar deinsectization lamp per a piece of zonule surrounding and placement pest haftplatte in seedling garden;Raise some tea The natural enemy of tree pest runs out it on suitable opportunity;It can be subject to artificial capture method or sprinkling organic agriculture when disease pest and too many pest Medicine, organic agricultural chemicals are that the biogenic pesticide nontoxic to tea seedling and other beneficial organisms is selected according to the type of pest.
(10) it is trimmed when tea seedling growth is by horizontal closure, keeps the height of the tea seedling on seedbed concordant, be out of the garden Tea seedling is carried out hardening 45 days before.
White beef tea sapling is cultivated using the breeding method of the embodiment of the present invention 1, up to 98.7%, outplanting rate reaches cuttage survival rate 99.6%。
Describe Method And Principle of the invention in conjunction with specific embodiments above.These descriptions are intended merely to explain of the invention Principle, and it cannot be construed to the limitation of the scope of the present invention in any way.Based on the explanation herein, those skilled in the art Member, which does not need to pay for creative labor, can associate other specific embodiments of the invention, these modes fall within this Within the protection scope of invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of breeding method of white beef tea sapling, which is characterized in that including the following contents:
(1) maternal to cultivate: to select that flourishing, stem is sturdy, it is high, no disease and pests harm white to produce tea rate in the wild white beef tea woods Beef tea tree selects its branch as scion, selects a kind of tea tree that root system is very flourishing to make stock in locality, cultivate after being grafted Produce that tea rate is high, disease-resistant performance is good, strong environmental adaptability tea tree, and with can be obtained after its branch cutting nursery well developed root system and Retain parent excellent characteristics tea tree, then the tea tree cultivated the tea tree cultivated after grafting and its branch cutting as The female parent that the white beef tea sapling of the present invention is cultivated;
(2) nurturing an environment selects: selecting to be no more than 15 degree far from city and industrial area and the level land or the gradient of village and highway Hillside, establish white beef tea sapling and cultivate garden, field requires have abundant water resources, is pollution-free, and the several rows of reasonable construction store in field Pond;
(3) it opens up wasteland site preparation: being trees, shrub, weeds and the stone for clearing up ground first, the preceding 3-4 of cuttage months with powdery ridge pair Soil is deep ploughed, and depth is 50cm or more, is sprinkled pulverized limestone and is carried out disinfection to soil and removes the evil;Preceding 1-2 months of plantation are to soil Ground is ploughed shallowly, and depth 20-30cm applies base manure of the slow release fertilizer as sapling when digging;Soil is divided into according to specification Several zonules, and be organized into multiple seedbeds, the native slag on seedbed surface layer put down it is broken, pave;It establishes greenhouse and field is surrounded covering;
(4) branch cutting: having the branch of full axillary bud and 1-3 piece stalwartness blade from maternal clip, and mountain is inserted into branch lower end It is impregnated 4-6 hours in spring, is inserted into liquid organic fertilizer and impregnates 20-30 minutes, then carry out cuttage, seeding row spacing 20cm* (20-30) cm retains 3-5cm and 1 axillary bud or more and leaf or more on seedbed, pours after the completion of cuttage it Then water is covered with fine sand;Cuttage is complete on the day of the branch of same day clip;
(5) tea seedling is cultivated: when Miao Yuan grows weeds, manually rooting out, grass hole is filled and led up as far as possible after pulling out, and to tea seedling It waters;It needs to water daily after under using the method sprayed, branch just to insert tea seedling watering, water every other day after a week, after Face is according to weather condition and tea seedling growth situation watering;Organic liquid fertilizer is sprayed by the pipeline to water when fertilising Leaching;Tea seedling growth is trimmed when being by horizontal closure, keeps the tea seedling height on seedbed concordant, to tea seedling before being out of the garden It carries out hardening 30-60 days;
(7) control of pest and disease damage: the installation solar deinsectization lamp per a piece of zonule surrounding and placement pest haftplatte in seedling garden;It raises The natural enemy for supporting some Pests of Tea-Plants runs out it on suitable opportunity;It can be subject to artificial capture method or spray when disease pest and too many pest Spill organic agricultural chemicals.
2. the breeding method of white beef tea sapling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the white beef tea sapling is cultivated Female parent be by taking pains to foster the elite plant obtained, the excellent performance of the plant is by verifying, with the elite plant The seedling that branch cutting is cultivated both had had the wild whites such as aloof from politics and material pursuits wild white beef tea tree tea aroma, flavour glycol, soup look be bright The advantage of beef tea itself uniqueness also compensates for the white underdeveloped disadvantage of ox tea root.
3. the breeding method of white beef tea sapling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the slow release fertilizer is by horse Excrement, cow dung or sheep dung and plant ash mix, then after fermentation maturity with montmorillonite powder, calcium magnesium phosphate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate 2-3 Cotton seeds are carried out to it with coated with resin agent.
4. the breeding method of white beef tea sapling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the system of the liquid organic fertilizer It is that horsehit, cow dung or sheep dung are placed in closed fermentation vat as method, molasses, eucalyptus leaves, artemisia annua/Lysimachia foenum-graecum, Chinese mugwort is added Then grass and tea bran or peanut press pulp inject 3-5 times of mountain spring water in fermentation vat, fermentation 15 days or more, fulvic acid stirring are added Uniformly, it refilters to obtain.
5. the breeding method of organic white beef tea sapling according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the organic agricultural chemicals is root The biogenic pesticide nontoxic to tea seedling and other beneficial organisms is selected according to the type of pest.
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CN111201935A (en) * 2019-11-01 2020-05-29 佛山市银子生物科技有限公司 Yellow tea forest tree variety cultivation method for modulating cocktail tea
CN111201935B (en) * 2019-11-01 2022-01-14 佛山市银子生物科技有限公司 Yellow tea forest tree variety cultivation method for modulating cocktail tea
CN113197007A (en) * 2021-04-30 2021-08-03 广西岑溪天晟茶业股份有限公司 Domestication utilization method of wild tea tree resources

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