CN111670704A - Method for improving wedge grafting survival rate of olive - Google Patents
Method for improving wedge grafting survival rate of olive Download PDFInfo
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- CN111670704A CN111670704A CN202010630597.3A CN202010630597A CN111670704A CN 111670704 A CN111670704 A CN 111670704A CN 202010630597 A CN202010630597 A CN 202010630597A CN 111670704 A CN111670704 A CN 111670704A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
- A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N47/18—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, directly attached to a heterocyclic or cycloaliphatic ring
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/14—Insects
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/03—Algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving wedge-shaped grafting survival rate of olive, belonging to the technical field of fruit tree grafting. The method comprises the following steps: the method includes the steps of firstly, stock cultivation; collecting the cions; performing grafting treatment on the three; and fourthly, managing after the vehicle is received. The method is used for cultivating the stock seedlings in a greenhouse, and the temperature and the humidity are controlled to be beneficial to the robust growth of the stock seedlings; the grafting method comprises the steps of selecting jaw planting No. 8 and skin guar which have similar growth conditions of temperature and humidity as a grafting stock and a scion respectively, facilitating survival of grafted seedlings under the same growth conditions of temperature and humidity, carrying out pretreatment on the scion and then carrying out cold storage, enabling the scion to keep high activity, carrying out disinfection and sterilization treatment on the stock and the scion by adopting mixed liquid A during grafting, and rapidly promoting wound healing at a grafting opening by adopting grafting promoting liquid B to prevent water loss so as to improve the survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the wedge-shaped grafting survival rate of olive.
Background
Olea europaea is an oil crop of olea of Oleaceae, is a famous subtropical fruit tree and an important economic forest, and has an oil content of about 25%. The olive oil has wide application in the industries of medicine, daily use, chemistry, electronic food, textile and the like; the pomace produced after processing olive fruits also has multiple purposes, the olive pomace oil obtained by purification and refining can be widely used in cosmetics, and the pomace also contains active ingredients such as triterpenes, flavonoids and the like, so that the olive pomace has wide application prospect in the industries of medicine, health care products and cosmetics; the olive leaves are rich in polyphenol antioxidants such as oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, maslinic acid, flavone and the like, have important physiological health-care functions such as anti-tumor, aging delaying, cardiovascular function enhancing and the like for human bodies, also have good antibacterial effect, and are natural food preservatives.
The olive producing area is mainly concentrated in the coastal countries of the mediterranean, the large-scale introduction of the olives in China starts in 1964, the Bailongjiang river valley area in Longnan of Gansu is the best suitable growing area in China, and the olive cultivating area and the olive yield are the first place in the country. Because the introduction history of the olea europaea in China is not long, the field of nursery stock grafting propagation technology research has a plurality of blanks, the development of the olea europaea in Gansu also has a plurality of problems at present, along with the rapid expansion of the planting scale, a plurality of unsuitable varieties are planted in a large number blindly, the yield is reduced greatly, and the profit capacity of the industry is greatly limited. The fruit tree grafting technology is one of breeding methods for introducing and optimizing varieties, excellent plant selection and preservation are carried out on the existing germplasm resources, the problems are solved, but the existing olive grafting method is still not mature enough, and a further targeted olive grafting method with high grafting survival rate and strong operability is needed to meet the increasing demand for producing improved oil olive varieties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the wedge grafting survival rate of olive aiming at the defects or shortcomings of the existing olive grafting technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that the method for improving the wedge grafting survival rate of the olive comprises the following steps:
novel rootstock cultivation method
Selecting robust 2-year-old seedlings without diseases and insect pests as stocks, and cultivating the stocks in a greenhouse with the temperature of 21-23 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-68%;
novel scion collection
Selecting 1-year-old branches with full leaf buds from an improved-variety scion mother tree as scions, immediately immersing the scions into nutrient solution after being cut off, soaking for 4-6h, taking out the scions, wrapping the scions by 1-3 layers of gauze dipped with the nutrient solution, then putting the wrapped scions into a transparent plastic bag with air holes for refrigeration, and keeping the refrigeration temperature at 4-8 ℃ and the relative air humidity at 60-70%; the nutrient solution is prepared by 0.01-0.02 part of calcium citrate, 0.01-0.02 part of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of chitosan, 0.01-0.02 part of polyaspartic acid, 2-5 parts of xanthan gum and 100 parts of water in parts by weight;
performing grafting treatment on the three
Pre-treatment of scion: cutting the scion into a wedge shape, cutting the front and back surfaces of the scion to form a cambium, wherein the two cutting surfaces are symmetrical, keeping 1 leaf and 1 bud, cutting at a position 0.5cm away from the bud, controlling the length of the cutting surface at 2-3cm, preparing a mixed solution A by adopting 0.1-0.5% benzalkonium bromide solution and 400-fold and 800-fold liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to a ratio of 2:1, soaking the scion for 10-20min, washing the scion by using clear water, and soaking the scion into a grafting promoting liquid B for later use; the grafting promoting liquid B is prepared from 0.01-0.03 part of chlorella extract, 1-3 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of beeswax, 0.1-0.5 part of indoleacetic acid and 100 parts of water in parts by weight;
stock pretreatment: the head of the stock is cut off flatly at a position 20-30cm away from the ground, a first split port is vertically and downwards split according to the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm, a second split port is vertically and downwards split according to the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm in the direction perpendicular to the first split port on the cross section, the first split port and the second split port are sprayed with mixed liquor A, and the first split port and the second split port are sprayed with clean water for 1-3 times;
grafting treatment: respectively inserting the scions into the first split joint and the second split joint, respectively aligning each scion cambium with a stock cambium, exposing the white 0.1-0.3 cm of the scion cut surface outside the stock, wrapping the scions by using black plastic film strips after the scions are inserted, exposing the buds and the leaf stalks, sleeving the exposed buds and leaf stalks with colorless plastic bags, and shading the sun by using a shading net in a greenhouse;
fourth after-receiving management
Removing the colorless plastic bag after 10-15 days, checking survival after 20-25 days, gradually loosening and releasing wind after 30 days, timely fertilizing and watering when the young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, completely removing the black plastic film strips when the scions grow to be 25cm, timely wiping off the sprouts on the rootstocks after the scions germinate, and transplanting the grafted seedlings to an orchard after 1-2 years of growth.
Preferably, the rootstock is selected from seeds harvested from Eimeria 8 robust plants which are locally introduced and cultivated for 3-5 years for greenhouse propagation and seedling culture.
Preferably, the scion stock tree is a skin guar fine variety stock tree which is locally introduced and cultivated for 5-8 years.
Further, in the second step, partial leaves of the scion soaked in the nutrient solution are cut off before refrigeration, 1-2 leaves are reserved, and the scion is cut into 5-6cm small sections;
further, in the step four, if no two scions grafted on the same stock survive after survival, supplementary grafting is performed, the included angle between the cross section and the first split joint and the included angle between the cross section and the second split joint are both 135 degrees, a third split joint is vertically downwards split by taking the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm, and grafting treatment is performed.
Further, in the step four, when survival is detected, if two scions grafted on the same rootstock are found to be alive, one scion which grows relatively robustly is selected to be reserved, the other scion is cut off, and the cut is smeared with muddy water or paint.
Further, in the fourth step, water is immediately poured once after the grafted seedlings are transplanted.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: stock seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse, and the temperature and the humidity are controlled to be beneficial to the robust growth of the seedlings; the grafting method comprises the steps of selecting jaw planting No. 8 and skin guar which have similar growth conditions of temperature and humidity as a grafting stock and a scion respectively, facilitating survival of grafted seedlings under the same growth conditions of temperature and humidity, carrying out pretreatment on the scion and then carrying out cold storage, enabling the scion to keep high activity, carrying out disinfection and sterilization treatment on the stock and the scion by adopting mixed liquid A during grafting, and rapidly promoting wound healing at a grafting opening by adopting grafting promoting liquid B to prevent water loss so as to improve the survival rate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Example 1
Selecting Hubei No. 8 plants with the cultivation age of 3-5 years in Citrus town in Longnan Wudu district 10-11 months in 2015, harvesting seeds of strong and disease-free plants, refrigerating for 3-4 months, performing germination accelerating treatment, and then performing seedling culture on a greenhouse seedbed, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 21 ℃ and the relative humidity at 65%, marking strong and disease-free 2-year-grown seedlings to be used as rootstocks.
Selecting a skin guar fine variety tree cultivated in two towns of Longnan Wudu district for 5-8 years as a scion mother tree, selecting a 1-year-old branch with plump leaf buds as a scion, immediately immersing the scion in a nutrient solution after shearing,
transporting to a place near a stock cultivation greenhouse, soaking for 4h, taking out the scion, cutting off partial leaves, keeping 1-2 leaves, cutting into 5-6cm segments, wrapping the scion by using 3 layers of gauze dipped with nutrient solution, and then filling the scion into a transparent plastic bag with air holes for refrigeration, wherein the refrigeration temperature is kept at 4 ℃, and the relative air humidity is kept at 60%; the nutrient solution is prepared from 0.01 part of calcium citrate, 0.01 part of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of chitosan, 0.01 part of polyaspartic acid, 2 parts of xanthan gum and 100 parts of water in parts by weight.
Before grafting, cutting the scion into a wedge shape, cutting the front and back surfaces to form a cambium, wherein the two cut surfaces are symmetrical, 1 leaf and 1 bud are reserved, cutting is carried out at a position 0.5cm away from the bud, the length of the cut surface is controlled to be 2-3cm, a 0.1% benzalkonium bromide solution and a 400-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder are adopted to prepare a mixed solution A according to a ratio of 2:1, and then soaking the scion for 10min, washing the scion with clear water, and soaking the scion into a grafting promoting solution B for later use; the grafting promoting liquid B is prepared from 0.01 part of chlorella extract, 1 part of chitosan, 1 part of beeswax, 0.1 part of indoleacetic acid and 100 parts of water in parts by weight; the head of the stock is cut off flatly at a position 20-30cm away from the ground, a first split port is vertically and downwards split according to the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm, a second split port is vertically and downwards split according to the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm in the direction perpendicular to the first split port on the cross section, the first split port and the second split port are sprayed with mixed liquor A, and the first split port and the second split port are sprayed with clean water for 2 times; the scions are respectively inserted into the first split port and the second split port, each scion cambium is aligned with each stock cambium, the cut surface of each scion is exposed to be 0.1-0.3 cm outside the stock, each scion is wrapped by a black plastic film strip after being inserted, the buds and the leaf stalks are exposed, colorless plastic bags are sleeved outside the exposed buds and leaf stalks, and the sun is shaded by using a shading net in a greenhouse.
According to the growth condition of the grafted seedlings, the colorless plastic bags are removed within 10-15 days, survival is checked within 20-25 days, air is gradually released after 30 days, topdressing and watering are carried out in time when young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, black plastic film strips are completely removed when scions grow to be 25cm, sprouts on rootstocks are timely wiped off after scions germinate, the grafted seedlings are transplanted to an orchard after growing for 2 years, and water is immediately irrigated once after the grafted seedlings are transplanted.
And (3) when the scions are detected to survive, if no scion grafted on the same stock survives, performing supplementary grafting, wherein the included angle between the cross section and the first split interface and the included angle between the cross section and the second split interface are both 135 degrees, vertically and downwards splitting a third split interface by taking the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm, and performing grafting treatment.
According to statistics, 300 seeds are sown indoors at a medium temperature in the embodiment, the seedlings germinate into 229 seedlings, the survival rate of the stock seedlings is 76.3%, the height of each stock seedling is over 50cm before grafting, the ground diameter is over 1cm, 200 robust stock seedlings are selected, grafting is carried out after marking, and when survival is checked, 193 plants survive through grafting, and the survival rate of grafting is 96.5%.
Example 2
Different from the embodiment 1, the indoor temperature of the stock seedling cultivation greenhouse is controlled at 23 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 68%; soaking the scions in nutrient solution for 6h, wrapping the scions by 2 layers of gauze dipped with the nutrient solution, and then putting the scions into a transparent plastic bag with air holes for refrigeration, wherein the refrigeration temperature is kept at 8 ℃, and the relative humidity of air is kept at 70%; the nutrient solution is prepared by 0.02 part of calcium citrate, 0.02 part of ammonium molybdate, 2 parts of chitosan, 0.02 part of polyaspartic acid, 5 parts of xanthan gum and 100 parts of water by weight; during grafting, 0.5% benzalkonium bromide solution and 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder are prepared into a mixed solution A according to a ratio of 2:1, and then the mixed solution A is soaked for 20min, and a grafting promoting solution B is prepared from 0.03 part of chlorella extract, 3 parts of chitosan, 2 parts of beeswax, 0.5 part of indoleacetic acid and 100 parts of water according to parts by weight. Transplanting the grafted seedlings to an orchard after the grafted seedlings grow for 1 year; when survival is detected, if two scions grafted on the same stock are found to be alive, one scion which grows relatively robustly is selected and reserved, the other scion is cut off, and the cut is smeared with muddy water or paint; and transplanting the grafted seedlings to an orchard after the grafted seedlings grow for 1 year.
According to statistics, 300 seeds are sown indoors at a medium temperature in the embodiment, the seeds germinate into 242 seedlings, the survival rate of the stock seedlings is 80.7%, the height of each stock seedling is over 50cm before grafting, the ground diameter is over 1cm, 200 robust stock seedlings are selected, grafting is carried out after marking, 196 plants are grafted and survived when survival is checked, and the grafting survival rate is 98%.
Example 3
Different from the embodiment 2, the indoor temperature of the stock seedling cultivation greenhouse is controlled at 22 ℃, and the relative humidity is controlled at 66.5%; soaking the scions in the nutrient solution for 5h, keeping the cold storage temperature of the scions at 5 ℃ and the relative air humidity at 65%; the nutrient solution is prepared by 0.015 part of calcium citrate, 0.014 part of ammonium molybdate, 1.6 parts of chitosan, 0.017 part of polyaspartic acid, 4.2 parts of xanthan gum and 100 parts of water according to parts by weight; during grafting, 0.3% benzalkonium bromide solution and 500 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder are prepared into a mixed solution A according to a ratio of 2:1, and then the mixed solution A is soaked for 15min, and a grafting promoting solution B is prepared from 0.02 part by weight of chlorella extract, 2 parts by weight of chitosan, 1.5 parts by weight of beeswax, 0.3 part by weight of indoleacetic acid and 100 parts by weight of water.
According to statistics, 300 seeds are sown indoors at a medium temperature in the embodiment, the seedlings germinate into 235 seedlings, the survival rate of the stock seedlings is 78.3%, before grafting, the height of the stock seedlings is over 50cm, the ground diameter is over 1cm, 200 robust stock seedlings are selected, after marking, grafting is carried out, 194 plants are grafted and survive when survival is checked, and the grafting survival rate is 97%.
What has been described above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for improving the wedge grafting survival rate of the olive is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
novel rootstock cultivation method
Selecting robust 2-year-old seedlings without diseases and insect pests as stocks, and cultivating the stocks in a greenhouse with the temperature of 21-23 ℃ and the relative humidity of 65-68%; the rootstock selects seeds harvested from Hubei 8 robust and disease-free plants which are locally introduced and cultured for 3 to 5 years to carry out greenhouse propagation and seedling culture;
novel scion collection
Selecting 1-year-old branches with full leaf buds from an improved-variety scion mother tree as scions, immediately immersing the scions into nutrient solution after being cut off, soaking for 4-6h, taking out the scions, wrapping the scions by 1-3 layers of gauze dipped with the nutrient solution, then putting the wrapped scions into a transparent plastic bag with air holes for refrigeration, and keeping the refrigeration temperature at 4-8 ℃ and the relative air humidity at 60-70%; the nutrient solution is prepared by 0.01-0.02 part of calcium citrate, 0.01-0.02 part of ammonium molybdate, 1-2 parts of chitosan, 0.01-0.02 part of polyaspartic acid, 2-5 parts of xanthan gum and 100 parts of water in parts by weight; the scion mother tree is a skin guar fine variety mother tree which is locally introduced and cultivated for 5-8 years;
performing grafting treatment on the three
Pre-treatment of scion: cutting the scion into a wedge shape, cutting the front and back surfaces of the scion to form a cambium, wherein the two cutting surfaces are symmetrical, keeping 1 leaf and 1 bud, cutting at a position 0.5cm away from the bud, controlling the length of the cutting surface at 2-3cm, preparing a mixed solution A by adopting 0.1-0.5% benzalkonium bromide solution and 400-fold and 800-fold liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder according to a ratio of 2:1, soaking the scion for 10-20min, washing the scion by using clear water, and soaking the scion into a grafting promoting liquid B for later use; the grafting promoting liquid B is prepared from 0.01-0.03 part of chlorella extract, 1-3 parts of chitosan, 1-2 parts of beeswax, 0.1-0.5 part of indoleacetic acid and 100 parts of water in parts by weight;
stock pretreatment: the head of the stock is cut off flatly at a position 20-30cm away from the ground, a first split port is vertically and downwards split according to the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm, a second split port is vertically and downwards split according to the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm in the direction perpendicular to the first split port on the cross section, the first split port and the second split port are sprayed with mixed liquor A, and the first split port and the second split port are sprayed with clean water for 1-3 times;
grafting treatment: respectively inserting the scions into the first split joint and the second split joint, respectively aligning each scion cambium with a stock cambium, exposing the white 0.1-0.3 cm of the scion cut surface outside the stock, wrapping the scions by using black plastic film strips after the scions are inserted, exposing the buds and the leaf stalks, sleeving the exposed buds and leaf stalks with colorless plastic bags, and shading the sun by using a shading net in a greenhouse;
fourth after-receiving management
Removing the colorless plastic bag after 10-15 days, checking survival after 20-25 days, gradually loosening and releasing wind after 30 days, timely fertilizing and watering when the young shoots grow to be more than 10cm, completely removing the black plastic film strips when the scions grow to be 25cm, timely wiping off the sprouts on the rootstocks after the scions germinate, and transplanting the grafted seedlings to an orchard after 1-2 years of growth.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the step II, partial leaves of the scion soaked in the nutrient solution are cut off before refrigeration, 1-2 leaves are reserved, and the scion is cut into 5-6cm small sections.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and step four, if no two scions grafted on the same stock survive after survival, performing supplementary grafting, vertically downwards splitting a third split joint by taking the radius of the cross section as the length and the depth of 2-3cm in the direction with the included angle of 135 degrees with the first split joint and the second split joint on the cross section, and performing grafting treatment.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: and step four, when survival is detected, if two scions grafted on the same stock are found to be alive, selecting one scion which relatively robust growth is reserved, shearing the other scion, and smearing the cut with muddy water or paint.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: and step four, watering the grafted seedlings immediately after transplanting.
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| CN202010630597.3A CN111670704A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Method for improving wedge grafting survival rate of olive |
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| CN202010630597.3A CN111670704A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Method for improving wedge grafting survival rate of olive |
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| CN111670704A true CN111670704A (en) | 2020-09-18 |
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| CN202010630597.3A Pending CN111670704A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Method for improving wedge grafting survival rate of olive |
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