CN109169258B - Crape myrtle cultivation method without bearing fruits - Google Patents
Crape myrtle cultivation method without bearing fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN109169258B CN109169258B CN201811128113.4A CN201811128113A CN109169258B CN 109169258 B CN109169258 B CN 109169258B CN 201811128113 A CN201811128113 A CN 201811128113A CN 109169258 B CN109169258 B CN 109169258B
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- grafting
- lagerstroemia indica
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention relates to a crape myrtle cultivation method without fruiting, which belongs to the technical field of crape myrtle seedling cultivation and comprises the following steps: 1. artificial pollination is carried out to cultivate the lagerstroemia indica without fruit bearing: (1) selecting parents; (2) selecting pistils; (3) emasculation; (4) collecting seeds, and separately storing the seeds in the same ventilated, dried and light-proof environment for later use; 2. performing performance verification on the lagerstroemia indica without fruiting; 3. grafting cultivation of the lagerstroemia indica without fruit bearing: (1) collecting ear strips; tender branch grafting: grafting in 7-9 months per year; old branch grafting: grafting in 3-4 months of each year; (2) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong lagerstroemia indica grown for 5-7 years; (3) grafting scions; (4) after 7-10 days, the grafting opening starts to heal, and the buds on the rootstock need to be frequently checked and timely wiped; topping the same scions in time when the scions grow to about 30 centimeters so as to prevent wind from blowing and folding and enhance the affinity and coincidence of the scions and the calluses of the rootstocks; the cultivation method can improve flowering phase, flower color and wind resistance of Lagerstroemia indica.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crape myrtle cultivation method without fruiting, and belongs to the technical field of crape myrtle seedling cultivation.
Background
Crape myrtle, alternative name: pruritic flower, pruritic tree, fuchsia, violet flower, mosla flower, myrica rubra, zinnia, latin name: lagerstroemia indica L; lagerstroemia deciduous shrubs or small trees of Lythraceae. Crape myrtle prefers warm and humid climate, prefers light, slightly resistant to yin, prefers fertilizer, particularly prefers deep and fertile sandy loam, grows in places with slight humidity, is also resistant to drought, is forbidden to grow in low-humidity places with high underground water level, is warm in nature, can resist cold and has strong sprouting property. The crape myrtle also has strong pollution resistance and strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and chlorine.
Common propagation methods for crape myrtle are sowing and cutting. Because the A crape myrtle cannot bear fruits, the A crape myrtle can only be bred by two methods, namely grafting and cuttage. Crape myrtle cutting propagation can be divided into twig cutting and hardwood cutting.
(1) Tender branch cuttage: the twig cuttage is generally carried out in 7-8 months, at the moment, the new branches grow vigorously and are most active, and at the moment, the cuttage survival rate is high.
(2) Hard branch cuttage: hardwood cuttage is generally carried out before shoots germinate from late 3 months to early 4 months. Selecting a stout annual branch for cuttage on a mother plant with good growth vigor, and watering properly in the growth period, wherein the annual branch can grow to about 80 cm.
The invention has the following patents: the application number is 201410599724.2, and the crape myrtle seedling culture method comprises nursery selection, land preparation, seed treatment before sowing, shed erection, shed removal and daily management; the growth condition of the crape myrtle is fully considered, the germination rate and the germination vigor of the seeds can be effectively improved by adopting high manganese acid-base, gibberellin and naphthylacetic acid to treat the planting through years of practical experience, and meanwhile, a favorable growth environment is provided for seedlings by utilizing a greenhouse method, so that the growth speed of plants and the growth vigor of the plants are increased. The method adopts seed breeding method, so that the cultured plant has good growth vigor and high seedling speed. At present, no patent application is found about the seedling raising method in the aspect of fruit-bearing-free crape myrtle cutting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crape myrtle cultivation method without fruiting, which is used for improving the flowering phase, flower color and wind resistance of crape myrtle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
1. a cultivation method of crape myrtle without fruit bearing comprises the following steps:
(1) artificial pollination is carried out to cultivate the lagerstroemia indica without fruit bearing:
1) parent selection: screening a Vietnamese crape myrtle plant which has strong germplasm resistance, large flower quantity and excellent quality and is suitable for local planting as a parent; 2) selecting pistils: selecting 20 strong pistils containing buds to be released when the flower amount is large in 6-7 months at the temperature of 28-35 ℃, numbering and bagging for tracking; 3) castration: removing all stamens of the immature flower by using alcohol sterilized scissors after the stamens are slightly opened for 2-3 days, and timely bagging; 4) collecting pollen of common water-red fruit-bearing lagerstroemia indica plants when flowers are ripe within 5-7 days, scattering the pollen on female flower stigma of castrated Vietnamese Lagerstroemia indica, and timely bagging; 5) when the seeds naturally grow to 10-11 months, respectively collecting the seeds according to the numbers, and separately storing the seeds in the same ventilated, dried and light-proof environment for later use;
(2) and (3) performing performance verification on the lagerstroemia indica without fruit bearing: 1) respectively selecting 30 seeds from seeds No. 1-20 in 3 months next year for sowing, wherein the germination rate is 100 percent, and then cultivating 600 new lagerstroemia indica varieties A lagerstroemia indica; 2) the crape myrtle does not bloom in the second year, and the new variety crape myrtle normally blooms in the third year in 5-9 months, the flower color is dark purple, the flower quantity is large, and no fruit exists;
(3) and (3) starting to carry out grafting cultivation of the lagerstroemia indica without bearing fruits after the fourth year:
1) collecting spike strips: collecting branches on native lagerstroemia indica midriflora as scion strips in 3-9 months in sunny weather, grafting the scion strips at present, cutting the scion strips to be 6-7 cm long, and reserving 1-2 full leaf buds on each scion; tender branch grafting: grafting in 7-9 months per year; old branch grafting: grafting in 3-4 months of each year;
2) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong lagerstroemia indica growing for 5-7 years, and selecting high grafting or low grafting according to market demands; because the lagerstroemia indica flower quantity is large, the short branch grafting at the viewing angle is suitable for the market;
(4) grafting scions: the upper part of the scion is beveled for 0.5-1.0 cm, one side of the lower part of the scion is beveled for 1.5-2.0 cm, the other opposite side is beveled for 0.5-1.0 cm, and two sides form an asymmetric wedge; the upper end of the stock is cut into a flat opening, and a part with a slight xylem on the smooth side is vertically cut to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm; inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stocks, obliquely cutting 1.5-2.0 cm of scions to enable the cut surfaces to face towards the medullary center and be aligned with the cambium of the stocks, and finally binding all scion strips by using a transparent plastic preservative film to reduce scion water loss;
(5) after 7-10 days, the grafting opening starts to heal, and the buds on the rootstock need to be frequently checked and timely wiped. The top of the scion is required to be cut in time when the scion grows to 30 cm, so as to prevent wind from blowing and folding and enhance the affinity anastomosis of the scion and the callus of the rootstock.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the following advantages:
1. the flowering period is long: the flowering period is 5-10 months, which is 2-3 months longer than that of common lagerstroemia indica (the flowering period of common lagerstroemia indica is 6-9 months);
2. bright color: the flower color is dark purple, which is more brilliant than common lagerstroemia indica (such as water red lagerstroemia indica and shallow lagerstroemia indica) and has large flower quantity;
3. easy to manage and strong in wind resistance: because the variety is a non-bearing variety, the wind resistance is enhanced by reducing the environmental sanitation cleaning pressure and increasing the load of the garden in garden application.
4. Breaks the history of flowering and fruiting, is beneficial to sanitation workers to clean, reduces the workload, and has the advantages of more flowers, large flower amount and long flowering period.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. A cultivation method of crape myrtle without fruit bearing comprises the following steps:
(1) artificial pollination is carried out to cultivate the lagerstroemia indica without fruit bearing:
1) parent selection: screening a Vietnamese crape myrtle plant which has strong germplasm resistance, large flower quantity and excellent quality and is suitable for local planting as a parent; 2) selecting pistils: selecting 20 strong pistils containing buds to be released when the flower amount is large in 6-7 months at the temperature of 28-35 ℃, numbering and bagging for tracking; 3) castration: removing all stamens of the immature flower by using alcohol sterilized scissors after the stamens are slightly opened for 2-3 days, and timely bagging; 4) collecting pollen of common water-red fruit-bearing lagerstroemia indica plants when flowers are ripe within 5-7 days, scattering the pollen on female flower stigma of castrated Vietnamese Lagerstroemia indica, and timely bagging; 5) when the seeds naturally grow to 10-11 months, respectively collecting the seeds according to the numbers, and separately storing the seeds in the same ventilated, dried and light-proof environment for later use;
(2) and (3) performing performance verification on the lagerstroemia indica without fruit bearing: 1) respectively selecting 30 seeds from seeds No. 1-20 in 3 months next year for sowing, wherein the germination rate is 100 percent, and then cultivating 600 new lagerstroemia indica varieties A lagerstroemia indica; 2) the crape myrtle does not bloom in the second year, and the new variety crape myrtle normally blooms in the third year in 5-9 months, the flower color is dark purple, the flower quantity is large, and no fruit exists;
(3) and (3) starting to carry out grafting cultivation of the lagerstroemia indica without bearing fruits after the fourth year:
1) collecting spike strips: collecting branches on the lagerstroemia indica as scion strips in 3-9 months in sunny weather, collecting the scion strips at present, grafting, shearing the scion strips to be 6-7 cm long, and reserving 1-2 plump leaf buds on each scion; tender branch grafting: grafting in 7-9 months per year; old branch grafting: grafting in 3-4 months of each year;
(4) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong lagerstroemia indica growing for 5-7 years, and selecting high grafting or low grafting according to market requirements, wherein the lagerstroemia indica has large flower quantity, and the short grafting is suitable for the market due to the ornamental angle;
(5) grafting scions: the upper part of the scion is beveled for 0.5-1.0 cm, one side of the lower part of the scion is beveled for 1.5-2.0 cm, the other opposite side is beveled for 0.5-1.0 cm, and two sides form an asymmetric wedge; the upper end of the stock is cut into a flat opening, and a part with a slight xylem on the smooth side is vertically cut to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm; inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stocks, obliquely cutting 1.5-2.0 cm of scions to enable the cut surfaces to face towards the medullary center and be aligned with the cambium of the stocks, and finally binding all scion strips by using a transparent plastic preservative film to reduce scion water loss;
(6) after 7-10 days, the grafting opening starts to heal, and the buds on the rootstock need to be frequently checked and timely wiped. The top of the scion is required to be cut in time when the scion grows to about 30 centimeters so as to prevent wind from blowing and folding and enhance the affinity anastomosis of the scion and the callus of the stock.
In the second year, the observation period is 138-154 days, and the flower quantity is counted in 20 days of 5 months, 20 days of 6 months, 20 days of 7 months, 20 days of 8 months and 20 days of 9 months, so that the comprehensive average flower quantity is 86 flowers/plant without fruits.
Example 2
The main method is basically the same as the embodiment of example 1, except that the grafting scion is water red lagerstroemia indica. In the next year, the florescence is 84-115 days in the observation period, and the florescence is counted in 20 days of 5 months, 20 days of 6 months, 20 days of 7 months, 20 days of 8 months and 20 days of 9 months to obtain the comprehensive average florescence of 77 flowers/plant with large fruit bearing amount.
Example 3
The main method is basically the same as the embodiment of example 1, and the difference is that the grafting scion is the lagerstroemia petiolata. In the next year, the florescence is 96-141 days in the observation period, and the florescence is counted in 20 days of 5 months, 20 days of 6 months, 20 days of 7 months, 20 days of 8 months and 20 days of 9 months to obtain the comprehensive average florescence of 35 flowers/plant with small fruit bearing amount.
Comparative examples
The main method is basically the same as the embodiment of example 1, except that only trimming is performed according to the embodiment, and grafting is not performed. In the second year, the observation period is 100-124 days, the flower quantity is counted in 20 days of 5 months, 20 days of 6 months, 20 days of 7 months, 20 days of 8 months and 20 days of 9 months, the comprehensive average flower quantity is 72 flowers/plant, and the fruit bearing quantity is large.
Comparison of data
Examples of the invention | Florescence (sky) | Average flower amount | Fruit bearing capacity |
Example 1 | 138-154 | 86 | Without fruit hanging |
Example 2 | 84-115 | 77 | Large fruit bearing amount |
Example 3 | 96-141 | 35 | The fruit bearing amount is small |
Comparative examples | 100-124 | 72 | Large fruit bearing amount |
According to the table, different grafting scions are selected for grafting comparison, and in the finished product grafted by the lagerstroemia indica with no bearing fruit in the middle leaves, the flowering phase is 39-52 days longer than that of the common lagerstroemia indica, and the flower amount is increased by 9-41 flowers/plant.
Claims (1)
1. A crape myrtle cultivation method without fruit bearing is characterized in that: the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) artificial pollination is carried out to cultivate the lagerstroemia indica without fruit bearing:
1) parent selection: screening a Vietnamese crape myrtle plant which has strong germplasm resistance, large flower quantity and excellent quality and is suitable for local planting as a parent; 2) selecting pistils: selecting 20 strong pistils containing buds to be released when the flower amount is large in 6-7 months at the temperature of 28-35 ℃, numbering and bagging for tracking; 3) castration: removing all stamens of the immature flower by using alcohol sterilized scissors after the stamens are slightly opened for 2-3 days, and timely bagging; 4) collecting pollen of common water-red fruit-bearing lagerstroemia indica plants when flowers are ripe within 5-7 days, scattering the pollen on female flower stigma of castrated Vietnamese Lagerstroemia indica, and timely bagging; 5) when the seeds naturally grow to 10-11 months, respectively collecting the seeds according to the numbers, and separately storing the seeds in the same ventilated, dried and light-proof environment for later use;
(2) and (3) performing performance verification on the lagerstroemia indica without fruit bearing: 1) respectively selecting 30 seeds from seeds No. 1-20 in 3 months next year for sowing, wherein the germination rate is 100 percent, and then cultivating 600 new lagerstroemia indica varieties A lagerstroemia indica; 2) the crape myrtle does not bloom in the second year, and the new variety crape myrtle normally blooms in the third year in 5-9 months, the flower color is dark purple, the flower quantity is large, and no fruit exists;
(3) and (3) starting to carry out grafting cultivation of the lagerstroemia indica without bearing fruits after the fourth year:
1) collecting spike strips: collecting branches on native lagerstroemia indica midriflora as scion strips in 3-9 months in sunny weather, grafting the scion strips at present, cutting the scion strips to be 6-7 cm long, and reserving 1-2 full leaf buds on each scion; tender branch grafting: grafting in 7-9 months per year; old branch grafting: grafting in 3-4 months of each year;
2) selecting the rootstock: selecting strong lagerstroemia indica growing for 5-7 years, and selecting high grafting or low grafting according to market demands; because the lagerstroemia indica flower quantity is large, the short branch grafting at the viewing angle is suitable for the market;
(4) grafting scions: the upper part of the scion is beveled for 0.5-1.0 cm, one side of the lower part of the scion is beveled for 1.5-2.0 cm, the other opposite side is beveled for 0.5-1.0 cm, and two sides form an asymmetric wedge; the upper end of the stock is cut into a flat opening, and a part with a slight xylem on the smooth side is vertically cut to a depth of 1.5-2.0 cm; inserting the cut scions into the cuts of the stocks, obliquely cutting 1.5-2.0 cm of scions to enable the cut surfaces to face towards the medullary center and be aligned with the cambium of the stocks, and finally binding all scion strips by using a transparent plastic preservative film to reduce scion water loss;
(5) after 7-10 days, the grafting opening starts to heal, the new bud on the stock needs to be frequently checked, the bud is timely wiped off, and the top of the scion with the length of 30 centimeters needs to be timely punched so as to prevent wind from blowing and folding and enhance the affinity fit of the scion and the callus of the stock.
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000245261A (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-12 | Etsuji Wakita | Rooting promotion liquid for plant and rooting promotion method |
CN103688724A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 铜仁市满堂红农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding of purple loosestrife lagerstroemia fruitless lagerstroemia indica |
CN103860611A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-06-18 | 河南大学 | Crape myrtle extract as well as extraction method and application thereof |
USPP27668P2 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-02-14 | Robert Edward Lee | Lagerstroemia plant named ‘DELEF’ |
-
2018
- 2018-09-27 CN CN201811128113.4A patent/CN109169258B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2000245261A (en) * | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-12 | Etsuji Wakita | Rooting promotion liquid for plant and rooting promotion method |
CN103688724A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-04-02 | 铜仁市满堂红农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding of purple loosestrife lagerstroemia fruitless lagerstroemia indica |
CN103860611A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-06-18 | 河南大学 | Crape myrtle extract as well as extraction method and application thereof |
USPP27668P2 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-02-14 | Robert Edward Lee | Lagerstroemia plant named ‘DELEF’ |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
Crapemyrtle Genotype · Environment;Cecil T. Pounders等;《HORT SCIENCE》;20100228;第45卷(第2期);第198-207页 * |
紫薇品种与尾叶紫薇种间杂交亲和性研究;蔡明等;《西北植物学报》;20100415;第30卷(第4期);第645-651页 * |
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Denomination of invention: A cultivation method of crape myrtle without fruit Effective date of registration: 20210910 Granted publication date: 20210601 Pledgee: Zhanjiang Branch of China Construction Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: ZHANJIANG HENGDA GARDEN DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2021980009208 |
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