CN111656978B - Cutting propagation method of distant hybrid summer wintersweet - Google Patents
Cutting propagation method of distant hybrid summer wintersweet Download PDFInfo
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- CN111656978B CN111656978B CN202010690049.XA CN202010690049A CN111656978B CN 111656978 B CN111656978 B CN 111656978B CN 202010690049 A CN202010690049 A CN 202010690049A CN 111656978 B CN111656978 B CN 111656978B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting propagation method of a distant hybrid wintersweet, which is characterized in that a mother plant is fertilized and managed before cuttage of the distant hybrid wintersweet; meanwhile, cutting the collected cuttings into cuttings of 5-12cm, and performing cutting after scratching the bases of the cuttings, soaking in white sugar water and soaking in naphthylacetic acid. According to the method, the mother plants are effectively fertilized and managed before cuttage, so that more branches meeting the cutting conditions are obtained before cuttage, and meanwhile, the treatment of the cutting slips is combined with base scratching treatment, white sugar water soaking and rooting liquid soaking, so that the rooting survival rate of the cutting seedlings is effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special ornamental tree planting, in particular to a method for cutting propagation of distant hybrid Chimonanthus nitens.
Background
A distant hybrid Chimonanthus chinensis (Sinocalycandus chinensis multiplied by Calycanthus floridus) of a new variety of the Chimonanthus fragrans of the family Chimonadaceae is a new variety of the family Chimonanthus fragrans of the family Jiangsu, the institute of Chinese academy of sciences of Jiangsu province, and the like, takes Chimonanthus fragrans (Sinocalycandus chinensis) of the genus Chimonanthus of the family Chimonanthus fragrans of the family Chimonadaceae as a female parent and Chimonanthus fragrans (Calycanthus floridus) as a male parent, adopts a distant hybridization technology, successfully breeds an intergeneric hybrid in 2001 within 7 years, and is identified by a examining and determining committee of the forestry varieties of the family Jiangsu province in 2010 (SuR-SC-SV-008-2009) and is named as "red transport". The shrub tree is a rare ornamental flower, fallen leaf and shrub tree which is novel and has fantastic flowers, strong growth vigor and good adaptability, is a new species for landscaping, has better and better application prospect in landscaping and has increasing market demand. Because the distant hybrid calyx canthus is a distant hybrid, although flowers can be opened, fructification can not be achieved, seeds do not exist, and the number of stock plants of the nursery stock is small at present, a large amount of plant division propagation can not be achieved, a proper grafting stock is not found, and a tissue culture method is not developed, so that the breakthrough of the distant hybrid calyx canthus cutting seedling method becomes a main way for expanding the propagation rate.
Meanwhile, because only one seedling stock plant is successfully hybridized, the quantity of cutting seedlings which can be obtained every year is not enough to explore the technological parameters of the conventional cutting method, and an effective cutting propagation method cannot be obtained to achieve higher survival rate, so that the propagation is expanded, and the cutting propagation of the distant hybrid prune is always stopped.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cutting propagation method of a distant hybrid Chimonanthus praecox which has low selection requirement on cutting seedlings and can obtain high rooting survival rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a cutting propagation method of a distant hybrid wintersweet, which comprises the following steps of fertilizing and managing a mother plant before cutting: (a) applying a base fertilizer: in 12 months in winter of the previous year of cuttage, 5 kg of fermented bean cakes are used for ditching and deep planting around the roots of the stock plants; (b) and (3) irrigating and applying water and fertilizer: 5 kg of fermented bean cakes and 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed with 500 kg of water to irrigate the roots: wherein, the water is irrigated for 1 time per week in 7-10 months of the previous year; irrigating for 1 time in 11 months of the year before cuttage; watering for 1 time every month in 3-6 months of the current year by cuttage;
wherein the fermented soybean cake contains N7.05%, P2O51.25%, and K2O 2.25.25%;
meanwhile, cutting the collected cuttings into 5-12cm cuttings, and cutting the upper parts of the cuttings to be flat, wherein the distance between the upper cutting openings and the upper buds is 0.5-1 cm; reserving a pair of leaf buds for each cutting shoot, cutting off half of the leaves with the length of more than 10cm, keeping the whole leaves with the length of less than 5cm, and trimming the tips of the rest leaves until the length of the leaves is reserved to be 5 cm; and carrying out cuttage after the following treatment on the cutting slips: cutting the cut cutting at a position 1cm away from the base part, slightly scratching a wound with the length of 1cm along the direction of the scion till the cut reaches a cambium without scratching xylem; then, soaking the base part of the cutting shoot in 1% white sugar water solution, wherein the soaking depth is not higher than 0.5cm, and the soaking time is 3 hours; taking out the cutting after soaking, washing the base of the cutting with clear water for 3 times, removing residual sugar water on the base of the cutting, washing the percolate generated by the cut on the upper part of the cutting with clear water, and draining; dipping the cleaned cutting into root with 500mg/L NAA solution, wherein the depth is 2-3cm, and the treatment time is 30 s.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) fertilization management of the stock plant before cuttage:
(a) applying a base fertilizer: in 12 months in winter of the previous year of cuttage, 5 kg of fermented bean cakes are used for ditching and deep planting around the roots of the stock plants; (b) and (3) irrigating and applying water and fertilizer: 5 kg of fermented bean cakes and 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed with 500 kg of water to irrigate the roots: wherein, the water is irrigated for 1 time per week in 7-10 months of the previous year; irrigating for 1 time in 11 months of the year before cuttage; watering for 1 time every month in 3-6 months of the current year by cuttage;
(2) greenhouse for cuttage: in a common plastic film greenhouse, an automatic fog spraying device is arranged in the greenhouse, and a sunshade net with 85% shading rate is additionally arranged on the outer film of the greenhouse;
(3) preparing a cutting medium: the substrate is peat: vermiculite: the perlite is prepared according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2 and is uniformly mixed; all the matrix materials are newly purchased and used matrix materials are not needed; placing all hole trays in a cutting greenhouse in order, spraying 800-1000 times of liquid with 50% wettable powder for 2-3 times, and sterilizing; the substrate configuration and the cutting bed disinfection work are finished one day before cutting;
(4) and (3) collection of cuttings: selecting the annual branch on the strong-growing distant hybrid Chimonanthus nitens stock plant from late 6 th to early 7 th, and selecting the annual branch which is strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and semi-lignified; the collection time of the branches is 8 am; placing the cut branches in a turnover box or a barrel lined with wet cloth for moisturizing;
(5) and (3) making the cutting slips: cutting the collected distant hybrid Chimonanthus nitens branches into cutting slips with the length of 5-12 cm; cutting the upper part of the cutting shoot to be flat, wherein the distance between the upper cutting opening and the upper bud is 0.5-1 cm; reserving a pair of leaf buds for each cutting shoot, cutting off half of the leaves with the length of more than 10cm, keeping the whole leaves with the length of less than 5cm, and trimming the tips of the rest leaves until the length of the leaves is reserved to be 5 cm; cutting the base part of the cutting shoot flat, and removing the leaves if the leaves are near the lower cutting opening;
(6) and (3) cutting treatment: cutting the cut cutting at a position 1cm away from the base part, slightly scratching a wound with the length of 1cm along the direction of the scion till the cut reaches a cambium without scratching xylem; then, soaking the base part of the cut cutting in 1% white sugar water solution, wherein the soaking depth is not higher than 0.5cm, and the soaking time is 3h, so as to increase the nutrition of the cutting; taking out the cutting after soaking, washing the base of the cutting with clear water for 3 times, removing residual sugar water on the base of the cutting, washing the percolate generated by the cut on the upper part of the cutting with clear water, and draining; dipping the cleaned cutting into root with 500mg/L NAA solution, wherein the depth is 2-3cm, and the processing time is 30 s; taking out the cutting slips treated by the rooting agent, and dipping the base parts of the cutting slips in plant ash for treatment to reduce the cut bleeding; then 50% carbendazim wettable powder is used for dipping base treatment, further disinfection and sterilization;
(7) cutting operation: inserting the treated cutting slips into a sterilized and disinfected substrate in a 50-hole high-foot deepened thickened hole disc, and compacting the substrate; after the aperture disc is placed flatly, immediately watering once for permeating water to ensure that the substrate is thoroughly wetted, and the surface of the substrate is fully contacted and compacted with the scion strips; then opening the automatic spray irrigation device, spraying once every 1h, and spraying for 30s every time;
(8) and (3) rooting management: covering a sunshade net with a shading rate of 85% on the plastic greenhouse film within 30 days after cuttage and rooting, and keeping the shading condition in the greenhouse; an automatic fog spraying device is utilized to keep the relative humidity in the shed to be more than 95 percent;
(9) and (3) management after rooting: after 30d of cuttage, gradually increasing the illumination and properly reducing the relative humidity; gradually increasing the illumination condition in the shed by uncovering the sunshade net in the morning and evening until the sunshade net is completely uncovered; the relative humidity in the booth was maintained at 80% by means of ventilation and automatic fogging.
The cuttage treatment and rooting management method can adapt to the selected stock plant with fewer branches for cuttage, reduce the requirement on the length of the cutting shoot, intercept more branches meeting the conditions, obtain more cutting shoots and increase the survival number of cuttage. Specifically, the length of the cutting shoot in the step (5) is 5-9 cm; when the cutting slips with shorter lengths are subjected to the cutting in the step (7), the cutting depth is 2-3 cm.
Meanwhile, the cuttage treatment and rooting management method is suitable for the cuttings with the conventional length requirement, and the cuttage survival rate is high. The specific operation is that the length of the cutting shoot in the step (5) is 10-12 cm; the cutting depth in the step (7) is 4-5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the stock plants are effectively fertilized and managed before cuttage, branches are subjected to lopping, and the germination and growth of the branches are promoted, so that more branches meeting the cutting conditions are obtained before cuttage, more cuttage survival quantities are obtained, more stock plants can be obtained at the later stage, and even the industrialized propagation can be directly realized.
2. The cutting method reduces the transpiration of the leaves and improves the survival rate of cutting by cutting the cutting slips and processing the leaves;
3. the cutting shoot is scratched, and the formation of callus is stimulated; soaking low-concentration white sugar water to increase the nutrition of the cutting slips; and (4) soaking in rooting liquid to promote rooting. The invention combines the base cutting treatment, the white sugar water soaking and the rooting liquid soaking to effectively improve the rooting survival rate of the cutting seedlings.
4. The method for cutting propagation of distant hybrid prune can reduce the requirements on cutting slips, the cutting survival rate can reach more than 36% for the branches with the cut length shorter than 9cm, and the cutting survival rate can reach more than 80% for the branches with the cut length of 10-12 cm.
5. The invention promotes the growth of branches by fertilizing, combines the reduction of the requirement on the length of the cutting slips to obtain more test branches, successfully explores a cutting propagation method suitable for the distant hybrid wintersweet, and provides a test basis for the popularization and application of the distant hybrid wintersweet in production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example one (2018, implemented in Nanjing Zhongshan plant garden nursery)
Fertilization management of the stock plant before cuttage:
(a) applying a base fertilizer: in 12 months in winter before cuttage (namely 2017), 5 kg of fermented bean cakes are used for ditching and deep planting around the roots of the stock plants; (b) and (3) irrigating and applying water and fertilizer: 5 kg of fermented bean cakes and 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed with 500 kg of water to irrigate the roots: wherein, the water is irrigated for 1 time per week in 7-10 months of the previous year; irrigating for 1 time in 11 months of the year before cuttage; and 3, 3-6 months in the current year, and watering for 1 time each month.
24 days in 6 months in 2018, an automatic spray device is arranged in a common plastic film greenhouse, a sunshade net with 85% shading rate is additionally arranged on the outer film of the greenhouse, and the lifting of the sunshade net can be controlled and the shading rate can be adjusted in the later period. On the basis of earlier stage tests, selecting peat, vermiculite and perlite as a cutting medium, and according to the peat: vermiculite: the proportion of the perlite is 2:1:2, and the newly purchased raw materials are fully and uniformly mixed to form the cuttage matrix. The substrate is beneficial to the rooting and root growth of the distant hybrid calyx canthus cutting. And (3) putting the uniformly mixed substrate into a 50-hole deepened and thickened plastic plug tray special for forest seedling culture, wherein the plug tray depth is 8.5 cm. The hole tray is placed in a plastic greenhouse in order, 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% wettable powder is sprayed for 2-3 times, and sterilization and disinfection are carried out.
In 25 days after 6 months, 70 branches which grow vigorously and are strong and do not have diseases and insect pests are selected from the annual semi-lignified parent plant (the plant age is 19 years) of the distant hybrid Chimonanthus fragrans which grows vigorously. The collection time of the cuttings is 30 minutes to 7 minutes and 30 minutes at 6 am. And (4) putting the cut branches into a turnover box lined with wet cloth for moisturizing, and timely moving the branches into a shading greenhouse. And shearing the collected annual branches into cutting slips with the length of 5-12 cm. From the later test results, when the length of the cutting is less than 8cm, the cutting can be influenced to grow roots and survive, when the length of the cutting is more than 15cm, the propagation rate is not favorably expanded, and the number of the cutting after the cutting can be reduced due to overlong cutting; considering all test factors comprehensively, the embodiment shears the branches into 5-12cm cuttings according to the condition of the branches, and divides the cuttings into two groups, wherein the length of one group of cuttings is not more than 9cm, and the length of the other group of cuttings is more than 9 cm; only one pair of bud leaves is reserved for each cutting shoot; cutting off half of the leaves with the length of more than 10cm, keeping the whole leaves with the length of less than 5cm, and cutting off the tips of the rest leaves until the length of the leaves is kept to be 5 cm; cutting the upper part of the cutting shoot to be flat, wherein the distance between an upper cutting opening and an upper bud is 0.5-1cm, the cutting can not be carried out at the same level, otherwise, the growth of the cutting shoot and the growth of new leaves are not facilitated; the bottom of the cutting shoot is cut flat, so that callus can be formed easily; if the leaves are near the lower shear port, all the leaves are removed. And (3) cutting the cut cutting ear at a position 1cm away from the base, slightly scratching a wound with the length of 1cm (namely scratching the cut cutting ear to the base) along the direction of the cutting ear till the cut cutting ear is deep to a cambium without scratching xylem.
On the basis of the early test, the base part of the cutting is soaked in 1% white sugar water solution, the soaking depth is not higher than 0.5cm, and the soaking time is 3 hours, so that the nutrition of the cutting is increased, and the vigor of the cutting is improved. And taking out the cutting slips after 3h, washing the base parts of the cutting slips for 3 times by using clear water, washing off sugar solution at the base parts of the cutting slips, and simultaneously carrying out reverse operation to remove percolate at the upper cuts. And (5) draining the water. Then, carrying out root dipping treatment on a base part of 500mg/L imported Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) solution for 30s, taking out the cutting slips treated by the rooting agent, and dipping the base part of the cutting slips by plant ash for treatment so as to converge the wound, accelerate the wound healing and reduce the germ infection; then 50% wettable powder is used for base dipping liquid treatment; then cutting the seedlings in a substrate of a plastic plug tray, inserting the seedlings into the substrate by about 5cm (the cutting depth of the cutting slips is not more than 9cm and is 2-3cm), and compacting the substrate; after the aperture disc is placed flatly, immediately watering once for permeating water to ensure that the substrate is thoroughly wetted, and the surface of the substrate is fully contacted and compacted with the scion strips; then opening the automatic spray irrigation device, spraying once every 1h, and spraying for 30s every time; keeping the relative humidity in the shed above 95%. And covering a sunshade net with a shading rate of 85% on the outside of the shed within 30 days after the insertion, wherein the relative humidity in the shed is over 95%, the air temperature is 25-30 ℃ and the matrix temperature is 20-26 ℃. And (5) regularly checking the rooting condition of the cutting seedlings. After 30d of cutting, gradually adjusting, properly increasing illumination, reducing relative humidity, gradually increasing the illumination condition in the shed by uncovering the sunshade net in the morning and evening until the sunshade net is completely uncovered; and (3) keeping the relative humidity in the shed to be about 80% by utilizing a ventilation and automatic fog spraying device, and promoting the growth of the cutting seedlings.
In the example, 277 cutting shoots are counted in total, wherein 150 cutting shoots are 5-9cm in size, 127 cutting shoots are 10-12cm in size, and statistics is carried out after 70 days of cutting, 156 seedlings with 4 or more than 4 adventitious roots are formed, wherein 54 cutting shoots are survived in 5-9cm, the survival rate is 36%, 102 cutting shoots are survived in 10-12cm, and the survival rate is 80.3%.
Example two (2019, implemented in Nanjing Zhongshan plant garden nursery)
Fertilization management of the stock plant before cuttage:
(a) applying a base fertilizer: in 12 months in winter before cuttage (namely 2018), 5 kg of fermented bean cakes are used for ditching and deep planting around the roots of the stock plants; (b) and (3) irrigating and applying water and fertilizer: 5 kg of fermented bean cakes and 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed with 500 kg of water to irrigate the roots: wherein, the water is irrigated for 1 time per week in 7-10 months of the previous year; irrigating for 1 time in 11 months of the year before cuttage; and 3, 3-6 months in the current year, and watering for 1 time each month.
In the 7 th and 6 th months in 2019, an automatic spray device is arranged in a common plastic film greenhouse, and a sunshade net with 85% shading rate is additionally covered on the outer film of the greenhouse. The cutting medium is peat: vermiculite: the perlite is prepared in a ratio of 2:1:2, and the newly purchased raw materials are fully and uniformly mixed to form the cuttage matrix. And (3) putting the uniformly mixed substrate into a 50-hole deepened and thickened plastic plug tray special for forest seedling culture, wherein the plug tray depth is 8.5 cm. The hole tray is placed in a plastic greenhouse in order, 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% wettable powder is sprayed for 2-3 times, and sterilization and disinfection are carried out.
In 7 months and 7 days, 60 branches which grow vigorously and are semi-lignified and strong and have no plant diseases and insect pests are selected from the distant hybrid Chimonanthus fragrans stock plant (the plant age is 19 years) which grows vigorously. The collection time of the cuttings is about 6-7 am. And (4) putting the cut branches into a turnover box lined with wet cloth for moisturizing, and timely moving the branches into a shading greenhouse. And shearing the collected annual branches into cutting slips with the length of 5-12 cm. From the later test results, when the length of the cutting is less than 8cm, the cutting can be influenced to grow roots and survive, when the length of the cutting is more than 15cm, the propagation rate is not favorably expanded, and the number of the cutting after the cutting can be reduced due to overlong cutting; considering all test factors comprehensively, the embodiment shears the branches into 5-12cm cuttings according to the condition of the branches, and divides the cuttings into two groups, wherein the length of one group of cuttings is not more than 9cm, and the length of the other group of cuttings is more than 9 cm; only one pair of leaf buds is reserved in each cutting, and when the internodes are long, the cutting does not need to have the internodes at the lower part, but only needs to have one pair of internodes at the upper part. Cutting off half of the leaves with the length of more than 10cm, keeping the whole leaves with the length of less than 5cm, and cutting off the tips of the rest leaves until the length of the leaves is kept to be 5 cm; the upper part of the cutting shoot is cut flat, the distance between the upper cutting opening and the upper bud is 0.5-1cm, the cutting can not be cut flat, otherwise, the growth of the cutting shoot bud and the growth of new leaves are not facilitated; the bottom of the cutting shoot is cut flat, so that callus can be formed easily; if the leaves are near the lower shear port, all the leaves are removed. And (3) cutting the cut cutting slips at a position 1cm away from the base part, slightly scratching a wound with the length of 1cm along the direction of the scions till the cut is deep to a cambium without scratching a xylem.
And (3) soaking the base part of the cutting in 1% white sugar water solution, wherein the soaking depth is not higher than 0.5cm, and the soaking time is 3h, so that the nutrition of the cutting is increased. And taking out the cutting after 3h, washing the base part of the cutting with clear water for 3 times, and washing off exudates of the cut at the upper part of the cutting with clear water. Selecting 500mg/L imported Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) solution to carry out base dipping liquid treatment for 30s, wherein the dipping depth is 2-3cm of the base of the cutting; taking out the cutting slips, and carrying out plant ash root dipping treatment on the base part to astringe wounds, accelerate wound healing and reduce germ infection; finally, using 50% wettable powder to carry out base dipping liquid treatment; inserting the substrate into a substrate of a plastic plug tray, wherein the insertion depth is about 5cm, and compacting the substrate; after the aperture disc is placed flatly, immediately watering once for permeating water to ensure that the substrate is thoroughly wetted, and the surface of the substrate is fully contacted and compacted with the scion strips; then opening the automatic spray irrigation device, spraying once every 1h, and spraying for 30s every time; keeping the relative humidity in the shed above 95%. And covering a sunshade net with the shading rate of 85% outside the shed within 30 days after the insertion, wherein the relative humidity in the shed is more than 95%. And (5) regularly checking the rooting condition of the cutting seedlings. After 30d of cutting, gradually adjusting, properly increasing illumination, reducing relative humidity, gradually increasing the illumination condition in the shed by uncovering the sunshade net in the morning and evening until the sunshade net is completely uncovered; and (3) keeping the relative humidity in the shed to be about 80% by utilizing a ventilation and automatic fog spraying device, and promoting the growth of the cutting seedlings.
In the example, 260 cuttings are planted in total, wherein 152 cuttings with the length of 5-9cm and 108 cuttings with the length of 10-12cm are counted after 70 days of cutting, and 162 seedlings with 4 or more than 4 adventitious roots are formed, wherein 72 cuttings with the length of 5-9cm survive, the survival rate is 47.4%, 108 cuttings with the length of 10-12cm survive and the survival rate is 83.3%.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A cutting propagation method of distant hybrid prune, which is characterized in that,
the distant hybrid wintersweet is subjected to fertilization management on a mother plant before cuttage:
(a) applying a base fertilizer: in 12 months in winter of the previous year of cuttage, 5 kg of fermented bean cakes are used for ditching and deep planting around the roots of the stock plants;
(b) and (3) irrigating and applying water and fertilizer: 5 kg of fermented bean cakes and 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed with 500 kg of water to irrigate the roots: wherein, the water is irrigated for 1 time per week in 7-10 months of the previous year; irrigating for 1 time in 11 months of the year before cuttage; watering for 1 time every month in 3-6 months of the current year by cuttage;
meanwhile, cutting the collected cuttings into 5-12cm cuttings, and cutting the upper parts of the cuttings to be flat, wherein the distance between the upper cutting openings and the upper buds is 0.5-1 cm; reserving a pair of leaf buds for each cutting shoot, cutting off half of the leaves with the length of more than 10cm, keeping the whole leaves with the length of less than 5cm, and trimming the tips of the rest leaves until the length of the leaves is reserved to be 5 cm; and carrying out cuttage after the following treatment on the cutting slips: cutting the cut cutting at a position 1cm away from the base part, slightly scratching a wound with the length of 1cm along the direction of the scion till the cut reaches a cambium without scratching xylem; then, soaking the base part of the cutting shoot in 1% white sugar water solution, wherein the soaking depth is not higher than 0.5cm, and the soaking time is 3 hours; taking out the cutting after soaking, washing the base of the cutting with clear water for 3 times, removing residual sugar water on the base of the cutting, washing the percolate generated by the cut on the upper part of the cutting with clear water, and draining; dipping the cleaned cutting into root with 500mg/L NAA solution, wherein the depth is 2-3cm, and the processing time is 30 s; taking out the cutting slips treated by the rooting agent, and dipping the base parts of the cutting slips in plant ash for treatment to reduce the cut bleeding; then 50% carbendazim wettable powder is used for dipping base treatment, further disinfection and sterilization.
2. A cutting propagation method of a distant hybrid prune is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) fertilization management of the stock plant before cuttage:
(a) applying a base fertilizer: in 12 months in winter of the previous year of cuttage, 5 kg of fermented bean cakes are used for ditching and deep planting around the roots of the stock plants;
(b) and (3) irrigating and applying water and fertilizer: 5 kg of fermented bean cakes and 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are mixed with 500 kg of water to irrigate the roots: wherein, the water is irrigated for 1 time per week in 7-10 months of the previous year; irrigating for 1 time in 11 months of the year before cuttage; watering for 1 time every month in 3-6 months of the current year by cuttage;
(2) greenhouse for cuttage: in a common plastic film greenhouse, an automatic fog spraying device is arranged in the greenhouse, and a sunshade net with 85% shading rate is additionally arranged on the outer film of the greenhouse;
(3) preparing a cutting medium: the substrate is peat: vermiculite: the perlite is prepared according to the mass ratio of 2:1:2 and is uniformly mixed; all the matrix materials are newly purchased and used matrix materials are not needed; placing all hole trays in a cutting greenhouse in order, spraying 800-1000 times of liquid with 50% wettable powder for 2-3 times, and sterilizing; the substrate configuration and the cutting bed disinfection work are finished one day before cutting;
(4) and (3) collection of cuttings: selecting the annual branch on the strong-growing distant hybrid Chimonanthus nitens stock plant from late 6 th to early 7 th, and selecting the annual branch which is strong in growth, free of diseases and insect pests and semi-lignified; the collection time of the branches is 8 am; placing the cut branches in a turnover box or a barrel lined with wet cloth for moisturizing;
(5) and (3) making the cutting slips: cutting the collected distant hybrid Chimonanthus nitens branches into cutting slips with the length of 5-12 cm; cutting the upper part of the cutting shoot to be flat, wherein the distance between the upper cutting opening and the upper bud is 0.5-1 cm; reserving a pair of leaf buds for each cutting shoot, cutting off half of the leaves with the length of more than 10cm, keeping the whole leaves with the length of less than 5cm, and trimming the tips of the rest leaves until the length of the leaves is reserved to be 5 cm; cutting the base part of the cutting shoot flat, and removing the leaves if the leaves are near the lower cutting opening;
(6) and (3) cutting treatment: cutting the cut cutting at a position 1cm away from the base part, slightly scratching a wound with the length of 1cm along the direction of the scion till the cut reaches a cambium without scratching xylem; then, soaking the base part of the cut cutting in 1% white sugar water solution, wherein the soaking depth is not higher than 0.5cm, and the soaking time is 3h, so as to increase the nutrition of the cutting; taking out the cutting after soaking, washing the base of the cutting with clear water for 3 times, removing residual sugar water on the base of the cutting, washing the percolate generated by the cut on the upper part of the cutting with clear water, and draining; dipping the cleaned cutting into root with 500mg/L NAA solution, wherein the depth is 2-3cm, and the processing time is 30 s; taking out the cutting slips treated by the rooting agent, and dipping the base parts of the cutting slips in plant ash for treatment to reduce the cut bleeding; then 50% carbendazim wettable powder is used for dipping base treatment, further disinfection and sterilization;
(7) cutting operation: inserting the treated cutting slips into a sterilized and disinfected substrate in a 50-hole high-foot deepened thickened hole disc, and compacting the substrate; after the aperture disc is placed flatly, immediately watering once for permeating water to ensure that the substrate is thoroughly wetted, and the surface of the substrate is fully contacted and compacted with the scion strips; then opening the automatic spray irrigation device, spraying once every 1h, and spraying for 30s every time;
(8) and (3) rooting management: covering a sunshade net with a shading rate of 85% on the plastic greenhouse film within 30 days after cuttage and rooting, and keeping the shading condition in the greenhouse; an automatic fog spraying device is utilized to keep the relative humidity in the shed to be more than 95 percent;
(9) and (3) management after rooting: after 30d of cuttage, gradually increasing the illumination and properly reducing the relative humidity; gradually increasing the illumination condition in the shed by uncovering the sunshade net in the morning and evening until the sunshade net is completely uncovered; the relative humidity in the booth was maintained at 80% by means of ventilation and automatic fogging.
3. The cutting propagation method according to claim 2, wherein the length of the cutting shoot in the step (5) is 5-9 cm; and (4) the cuttage depth in the step (7) is 2-3 cm.
4. The cutting propagation method according to claim 2, wherein the length of the cutting shoot in the step (5) is 10-12 cm; and (4) the cutting depth in the step (7) is 4-5 cm.
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