CN108040651B - Jatropha curcas seedling sleeve grafting method - Google Patents
Jatropha curcas seedling sleeve grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108040651B CN108040651B CN201711447187.XA CN201711447187A CN108040651B CN 108040651 B CN108040651 B CN 108040651B CN 201711447187 A CN201711447187 A CN 201711447187A CN 108040651 B CN108040651 B CN 108040651B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of idesia polycarpa grafting, and discloses a sleeve grafting method for idesia polycarpa seedlings, which adopts idesia polycarpa seeds to sow and cultivate seedling stocks; the seed sowing time of the idesia polycarpa stock seed is 20 days before the female idesia polycarpa plant sprouts; carrying out idesia polycarpa plug substrate seedling culture in a PC hollow board greenhouse; collecting 2 latent bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves and 2 terminal bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves as scions; grafting by using a sleeve with the diameter of 3.0 mm. The invention obtains a large amount of female scions, and solves the problem of insufficient scions in production; the plastic sleeve is adopted, so that the water is kept from losing, the invasion of germs is prevented, and the survival rate can reach more than 95 percent; the plastic sleeve is adopted for grafting, the grafting speed is high, the operation is simple, most of manpower is saved, the cost is low, the grafting speed of the idesia polycarpa is greatly improved, and the number of grafting seedlings of the idesia polycarpa can be obviously improved; the grafting time is early, the aim of outplanting the idesia polycarpa in the same year can be realized, and the outplanting time of 1-year grafted seedlings is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of idesia polycarpa grafting, and particularly relates to a sleeve grafting method for idesia polycarpa seedlings.
Background
The idesia polycarpa is female and different plants, the female-male ratio is about 50%, and the female scions used for grafting in production are fewer, so that the supply in the market of the idesia polycarpa grafted seedlings in China is less at present; moreover, the conventional idesia polycarpa grafting generally adopts the branch grafting and the bud grafting, the idesia polycarpa stock needs to be cultivated within 1 year of one year, the grafted seedlings can come out of the nursery in the second year, and the seedling cultivation time is longer; the idesia polycarpa general grafting and bud grafting technology has the advantages of high requirement, low grafting speed, generally 50-60% grafting survival rate, low grafting survival rate, high grafting cost and small quantity of obtained grafted seedlings. The low grafting survival rate is caused by the reduction of the aging growth activity of branches during grafting and the increase of tannin in the branches to influence the formation of callus. The difficulty is solved by grafting when branches are lignified, the viability of stocks and scions is reduced, a large amount of tannin substances are generated on the branches, the fibrosis degree is increased, and the survival rate is reduced.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: the grafting speed is low, the grafting survival rate is low, the grafting cost is high, and the quantity of grafted seedlings is small.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a idesia polycarpa seedling sleeve grafting method.
The jatropha curcas seedling sleeve grafting method is realized by adopting jatropha curcas seeds to sow and cultivate seedling stocks; the seed sowing time of the idesia polycarpa stock seed is 20 days before the female idesia polycarpa plant sprouts; carrying out idesia polycarpa plug substrate seedling culture in a PC hollow board greenhouse; collecting 2 latent bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves and 2 terminal bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves as scions; grafting by using a sleeve with the diameter of 3.0 mm. The diameter of the sleeve can be too small, so that the sleeve is not favorable for the tight combination of the rootstock and the scion, and the sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm is adopted properly.
Further, the hill-wood seed stock seed sowing time is that hole tray seedling sowing is carried out in spring; accelerating germination in a temperature-variable germination accelerating box 10 days before sowing, maintaining the temperature-variable germination accelerating at 28 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night, and sowing seeds to seedling-raising hole trays when the idesia polycarpa seeds just bud.
Further, the seedling raising plug tray adopts a soilless substrate, and is made of grass carbon: vermiculite: mixing the perlite with the matrix in a volume ratio of 2:1:0.5, and sterilizing the matrix by using 500 times of carbendazim; and (4) a hole disk with 128 holes, wherein each hole disk is used for sowing one idesia polycarpa seed which is subjected to germination acceleration.
Furthermore, the position 0.5cm above the latent bud on the main branch, the lateral branch and the vertical central trunk which grow less than 3 years is incised and injured 20 days before the female idesia polycarpa plant sprouts, and the incision reaches the xylem.
Further, the grafting is carried out by adopting a sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm, the sleeve is cut into small sections with the length of 3cm, and when 4 leaves and 1 heart of the stock seedling are adopted, 2 leaves and 1 heart of the latent bud tender branch and 2 leaves and 1 heart of the terminal bud tender branch are collected to be used as scions; during grafting, the plug stock seedling is obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees at the height of 2 cm; the scion is also obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees, a small section of sleeve with the length of 3cm is sleeved on the stock, and the scion is inserted into the sleeve, so that the cutting surfaces of the scion and the stock are aligned.
Further, using a 50% sunshade net to prevent light 15 days after grafting, wherein the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the air humidity is 90%; after 15 days of grafting, the grafting seedling of idesia polycarpa survives; removing the sunshade net, and transplanting the idesia polycarpa 4 leaves with 1 heart into the field.
The invention also aims to provide the idesia polycarpa grafted by the sleeve grafting method of the idesia polycarpa seedling.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: by sleeve grafting of idesia polycarpa seedlings, the latent buds of idesia polycarpa are fully utilized to germinate twigs to obtain a large number of female scions, so that the problem of insufficient scions in production is solved; the grafting period is selected to be the tender period of the stock, which is the most active period of growth, and a plastic sleeve is adopted to keep water from losing and prevent germ from invading; according to the conventional grafting, the survival rate of the idesia polycarpa is only 60%, only about 600 idesia polycarpa can be generally grafted by 1 person every day, the survival rate can reach 95% by adopting a plastic sleeve, about 2000 idesia polycarpa can be grafted by 1 person every day, the grafting speed is high, the operation is simple, most of manpower is saved, the cost is low, the grafting speed of the idesia polycarpa is greatly improved, and the number of grafting seedlings of the idesia polycarpa can be obviously improved; by adopting the plastic sleeve, the grafting time can be used for early twig grafting in a plastic greenhouse without lignification of branch stocks, the time is improved by 90 days compared with the conventional autumn bud grafting, the target of outplanting the idesia polycarpa in the same year can be realized, and the outplanting time of the grafted seedlings in 1 year is shortened.
The thicknesses of the stock and the spike are consistent, and the survival rate of sleeve grafting is high; the PC hollow board can shield 90% ultraviolet rays, so that the growth speed of idesia polycarpa seedlings is increased, the fibrosis degree is reduced, the stock seedlings are in a tender state, and the survival rate is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a sleeve grafting method for idesia polycarpa seedlings provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The sleeve grafting method for the idesia polycarpa seedlings is simple, high in grafting survival rate and low in cost, and can realize that the grafted seedlings can be outplanted in the same year.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the sleeve grafting method for idesia polycarpa seedlings provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: sowing and cultivating the seedling stock by adopting idesia polycarpa seeds;
s102: the seed sowing time of the idesia polycarpa stock seeds is 20 days before the female idesia polycarpa plants sprout, and the hole tray seedling sowing is carried out 1 day after 3 months; accelerating germination in a temperature-variable germination accelerating box 10 days before sowing, namely No. 2 month and No. 20, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at 15 ℃ at night, and sowing the seeds into seedling-raising hole trays when the seeds of idesia polycarpa just bud;
s103: adopting soilless substrate plug seedling, using grass carbon with volume ratio: vermiculite: mixing perlite with a matrix in a ratio of 2:1:0.5, and disinfecting the matrix by using 500 times of carbendazim; the specification of the hole tray is that the hole tray is a plastic black thickened 128-hole tray, and each hole tray is sown with one idesia polycarpa seed which is subjected to germination acceleration;
s104: selecting a PC hollow board greenhouse for idesia polycarpa plug substrate seedling culture, and shielding 90% ultraviolet rays;
s105: incising 0.5cm above the latent bud on the main branch, the lateral branch and the vertical central trunk which grow for 3 years to reach the xylem deeply 20 days before the female idesia polycarpa plant sprouts; after 20 days, a large number of latent bud tender branches can be generated;
s106: collecting 2 latent bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves and 2 terminal bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves as scions, spraying water for moisturizing, shading with a sunshade net, and using the scions at any time;
s107: grafting by using a sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm, cutting the sleeve into small sections with the length of 3cm, and collecting 2 leaves and 1 heart latent bud young shoots and 2 leaves and 1 heart terminal bud young shoots as scions when 4 leaves and 1 heart of the stock seedling are used; during grafting, the plug stock seedlings are obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees at the height of 2 cm. The scion is also obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees, a small section of sleeve with the length of 3cm is sleeved on the stock, and the scion is inserted into the sleeve, so that the cutting surfaces of the scion and the stock are aligned;
s108: 15 days after grafting, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ and keeping the air humidity at 90% by using a 50% sunshade net to prevent light; after 15 days of grafting, the grafting seedling of idesia polycarpa survives; after the survival, the sun-shading net is gradually removed, and the idesia polycarpa is planted in the field when the 4 leaves and 1 heart of the idesia polycarpa are planted.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1:
in 2014, sleeve grafting of idesia polycarpa seedlings was developed in the Shaxi village of Lichuan city, Hubei province.
1. Accelerating germination of stock seeds: the seed sowing time of the idesia polycarpa stock seeds is 20 days before the female idesia polycarpa plants sprout, and the plug seedling sowing is needed to be carried out in 1 day in 3 months; accelerating germination in a variable-temperature germination accelerating box 10 days before sowing, namely No. 2 month and No. 20, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at 15 ℃ at night for accelerating germination at variable temperature, and sowing the seeds to a seedling raising plug tray when the idesia polycarpa seeds just bud after 10 days;
2. sowing the seedling stock seeds: adopting soilless substrate plug seedling, using grass carbon: vermiculite: mixing the perlite with the matrix in a volume ratio of 2:1:0.5, and sterilizing the matrix by using 500 times of carbendazim; the specification of the hole tray is that the hole tray is a plastic black thickened 128 hole tray, and 3 months and 1 day, one idesia polycarpa seed which is subjected to germination acceleration is sowed in each hole tray;
3. sowing facility requirements; a PC hollow plate greenhouse is selected for idesia polycarpa plug substrate seedling culture, 90% of ultraviolet rays are shielded, the idesia polycarpa seedling is prevented from being fiberized, and the idesia polycarpa stock is kept in a tender state;
4. incised wound and young scion promoting: incising 0.5cm above the latent bud on the main branch, the lateral branch and the vertical central trunk which grow for 3 years to reach the xylem deeply 20 days before the female idesia polycarpa plant sprouts, namely 20 days in 3 months; after 20 days, a large number of latent bud tender branches can be generated;
5. collecting scions: collecting 2 latent bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves and 2 terminal bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves as scions, spraying water for moisturizing, shading with a sunshade net, and using the scions at any time;
6. sleeve grafting: grafting by using a sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm, cutting the sleeve into small sections with the length of 3cm, cutting for 4 months and 10 days, and collecting 2 leaves and 1 heart latent bud young shoots and 2 leaves and 1 heart terminal bud young shoots as scions when 4 leaves and 1 heart of a stock seedling are adopted; during grafting, the plug stock seedlings are obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees at the height of 2 cm. The scion is also obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees, a small section of sleeve with the length of 3cm is sleeved on the stock, and the scion is inserted into the sleeve, so that the cutting surfaces of the scion and the stock are aligned;
7. and (3) management after grafting: 15 days after grafting, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ and keeping the air humidity at 90% by using a 50% sunshade net to prevent light; after 15 days of grafting, the grafting seedling of idesia polycarpa survives; and after the seedlings survive, gradually removing the sunshade net, and transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field after hardening.
Example 2:
the sleeve grafting of idesia polycarpa seedlings is developed in the modern greenhouse of national academy of China Hubei in 2015.
1. Accelerating germination of stock seeds: plug seedling sowing is needed in 3 months and 8 days; accelerating germination in a variable-temperature germination accelerating box 10 days before sowing, namely No. 2 month 29, keeping the temperature at 28 ℃ in the daytime and the temperature at 15 ℃ at night, accelerating germination at variable temperature, and sowing the seeds of idesia polycarpa to a seedling raising plug tray when the seeds of idesia polycarpa just bud after 10 days;
2. sowing the seedling stock seeds: adopting soilless substrate plug seedling, using grass carbon: vermiculite: mixing the perlite with the matrix in a volume ratio of 2:1:0.5, and sterilizing the matrix by using 500 times of carbendazim; the specification of the hole tray is that the hole tray is a plastic black thickened 128-hole tray, and 3 months and 8 days, one idesia polycarpa seed which is subjected to germination acceleration is sowed in each hole tray;
3. sowing facility requirements; a PC hollow plate greenhouse is selected for idesia polycarpa plug substrate seedling culture, 90% of ultraviolet rays are shielded, the idesia polycarpa seedling is prevented from being fiberized, and the idesia polycarpa stock is kept in a tender state;
4. incised wound and young scion promoting: 3, 25 days in month, incising 0.5cm above the latent bud on the main branch, the lateral branch and the vertical central trunk which grow for less than 3 years to reach the xylem; 4, 15 days, a large amount of latent buds and tender branches are generated;
5. collecting scions: collecting 2 latent bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves and 2 terminal bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves as scions, spraying water for moisturizing, shading with a sunshade net, and using the scions at any time;
6. sleeve grafting: grafting by using a sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm, cutting the sleeve into small sections with the length of 3cm, cutting for 4 months and 15 days, and collecting 2 leaves and 1 heart latent bud young shoots and 2 leaves and 1 heart terminal bud young shoots as scions when 4 leaves and 1 heart of a stock seedling are adopted; during grafting, the plug stock seedlings are obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees at the height of 2 cm. The scion is also obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees, a small section of sleeve with the length of 3cm is sleeved on the stock, and the scion is inserted into the sleeve, so that the cutting surfaces of the scion and the stock are aligned;
7. and (3) management after grafting: 15 days after grafting, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ and keeping the air humidity at 90% by using a 50% sunshade net to prevent light; after 15 days of grafting, the grafting seedling of idesia polycarpa survives; and after the seedlings survive, gradually removing the sunshade net, and transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field after hardening.
Example 3:
in 2016, sleeve grafting of idesia polycarpa seedlings was developed in the high gong county and the Eshan village in Xuan county.
1. Accelerating germination of stock seeds: accelerating germination in a temperature-variable germination accelerating box within 3 months and 5 days, maintaining the temperature of 28 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night, and germinating seeds of idesia polycarpa within 3 months and 15 days;
2. sowing the seedling stock seeds: adopting soilless substrate plug seedling, using grass carbon: vermiculite: mixing the perlite with the matrix in a volume ratio of 2:1:0.5, and sterilizing the matrix by using 500 times of carbendazim; the specification of the hole tray is that the hole tray is a plastic black thickened 128-hole tray, and each hole tray is seeded with one idesia polycarpa seed which is subjected to germination acceleration in 3 months and 15 days;
3. sowing facility requirements; a PC hollow plate greenhouse is selected for idesia polycarpa plug substrate seedling culture, 90% of ultraviolet rays are shielded, the idesia polycarpa seedling is prevented from being fiberized, and the idesia polycarpa stock is kept in a tender state;
4. incised wound and young scion promoting: 3, 22 days in month, incising 0.5cm above the latent bud on the main branch, the lateral branch and the vertical central trunk which grow for less than 3 years to reach the xylem; 4, 12 days in month, a large amount of latent bud tender branches are generated;
5. collecting scions: collecting 2 latent bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves and 2 terminal bud young shoots with 1 heart leaves as scions, spraying water for moisturizing, shading with a sunshade net, and using the scions at any time;
6. sleeve grafting: grafting by using a sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm, cutting the sleeve into small sections with the length of 3cm, cutting for 4 months and 12 days, and collecting 2 leaves and 1 heart latent bud young shoots and 2 leaves and 1 heart terminal bud young shoots as scions when 4 leaves and 1 heart of a stock seedling are adopted; during grafting, the plug stock seedlings are obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees at the height of 2 cm. The scion is also obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees, a small section of sleeve with the length of 3cm is sleeved on the stock, and the scion is inserted into the sleeve, so that the cutting surfaces of the scion and the stock are aligned;
7. and (3) management after grafting: 15 days after grafting, keeping the temperature at 20-25 ℃ and keeping the air humidity at 90% by using a 50% sunshade net to prevent light; after 15 days of grafting, the grafting seedling of idesia polycarpa survives; and after the seedlings survive, gradually removing the sunshade net, and transplanting the grafted seedlings into a field after hardening.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A idesia polycarpa seedling sleeve grafting method is characterized in that idesia polycarpa seedling sleeve grafting method adopts idesia polycarpa seeds to sow and cultivate seedling stocks; the seed sowing time of the idesia polycarpa stock seed is 20 days before the female idesia polycarpa plant sprouts, and the sowing is carried out 20 days in advance, so that the thicknesses of the stock and the scion are consistent; the PC hollow board greenhouse is used for conducting hill-pea fruit plug substrate seedling culture, and the PC hollow board greenhouse can shield ultraviolet rays, so that the stock and scion fibers are reduced, the tissue is tender, and the survival rate is improved; collecting 2-leaf 1-heart latent bud young shoot and 2-leaf 1-heart terminal bud young shoot as scions, wherein the 2-leaf 1-heart latent bud young shoot and 2-leaf 1-heart terminal bud young shoot can be used as scions, so that the thickness of the scions is consistent with that of the rootstocks; the sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm is adopted for grafting, and the diameter of the sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm can enable the stock and the scion to be tightly combined;
the hill-wood seed stock seed sowing time is 3 months and 1 day; accelerating germination in a temperature-variable germination accelerating box 10 days before sowing, maintaining the temperature-variable germination accelerating at 28 ℃ in the daytime and 15 ℃ at night, and sowing seeds to seedling-raising hole trays when the idesia polycarpa seeds just bud;
the seedling culture hole tray adopts a soilless substrate, and the volume ratio is grass carbon: vermiculite: mixing perlite with a matrix in a ratio of 2:1:0.5, and disinfecting the matrix by using 500 times of carbendazim; and (4) a hole disk with 128 holes, wherein each hole disk is used for sowing one idesia polycarpa seed which is subjected to germination acceleration.
2. The method for grafting idesia polycarpa seedling sleeve as claimed in claim 1, wherein the incising wound is performed 20 days after the female idesia polycarpa plant is sowed, at a position 0.5cm above the latent bud on the main branch, the side branch and the vertical central trunk which grow for less than 3 years, and the incising wound is performed to reach the xylem.
3. The method for grafting the idesia polycarpa seedling sleeve as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sleeve with the diameter of 3.0mm is adopted for grafting, the sleeve is cut into small sections with the length of 3cm, and when the stock seedling has 4 leaves and 1 heart, 2 leaves and 1 heart latent bud young shoots and 2 leaves and 1 heart terminal bud young shoots are collected to be used as scions; during grafting, the plug stock seedling is obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees at the height of 2 cm; the scion is also obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees, a small section of sleeve with the length of 3cm is sleeved on the stock, and the scion is inserted into the sleeve, so that the cutting surfaces of the scion and the stock are aligned.
4. The method for grafting idesia polycarpa seedlings through sleeves as claimed in claim 3, wherein 15 days after grafting, a 50% sunshade net is used for keeping out of the sun, the temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the air humidity is 90%; after 15 days of grafting, the grafting seedling of idesia polycarpa survives; removing the sunshade net, and transplanting the idesia polycarpa 4 leaves with 1 heart into the field.
5. A idesia polycarpa grafted by the sleeve grafting method of the idesia polycarpa seedling according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123282A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-09 | 重庆山林源林业综合开发有限公司 | Idesia grafting method |
| CN106069490A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 枞阳县金社乡云岭油茶种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of tea oil tree cultivation engrafting method |
| CN106954469A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-18 | 湖北旭舟林农科技有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of idesia |
| CN107079762A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-22 | 四川森迪科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of Idesia polycarpa select tree mating system |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123282A (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2015-12-09 | 重庆山林源林业综合开发有限公司 | Idesia grafting method |
| CN106069490A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-11-09 | 枞阳县金社乡云岭油茶种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of tea oil tree cultivation engrafting method |
| CN107079762A (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-08-22 | 四川森迪科技发展股份有限公司 | A kind of Idesia polycarpa select tree mating system |
| CN106954469A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-18 | 湖北旭舟林农科技有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of idesia |
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