CN104381028A - Prunus armeniaca grafting breeding method - Google Patents
Prunus armeniaca grafting breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104381028A CN104381028A CN201410633021.7A CN201410633021A CN104381028A CN 104381028 A CN104381028 A CN 104381028A CN 201410633021 A CN201410633021 A CN 201410633021A CN 104381028 A CN104381028 A CN 104381028A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a prunus armeniaca grafting breeding method, which comprises the following steps of (1) seedling culture land selection and processing: an apricus lee-ward and ventilate neutral land with flat terrain and good water discharge condition is selected to be used as seedling culture land, and land preparation, desinsection, sterilization and farmyard manure application are carried out; (2) stock seed selection and processing: ansu apricot seeds are selected to be used as stock seeds, the ansu apricot seeds are soaked by water being 50 DEG C before one day of the seeding, the ansu apricot seeds are naturally cooled to room temperature, and the seeding can be carried out after the ansu apricot seeds generate core fracture; (3) seeding: furrowing is carried out in the seedling culture land, a point seedling mode is adopted for seeding the seeds into the furrows, watering and soil covering are carried out after the seedling, and the covered soil is removed after the seedling height is 3cm; (4) management: the first seedling thinning is carried out when four true leaves grow out from the young seedlings, the soil loosening and the weeding are carried out, the watering is carried out for 3 times in the whole year, and the additional fertilization is carried out during the final singling and after 30 days of the final singling; (5) scion preparation; (6) grafting; (7) management after the grafting; (8) shaping; (9) seedling lifting and outplanting. The prunus armeniaca grafting breeding method has the advantages that the grafting survival rate is higher, and the quality of the bred prunus armeniaca is better.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of grafting and breeding method of almond-apricot.
Background technology:
Almond-apricot belongs to rose family Li Yake Prunus, and because its fruit, core, benevolence are loose flat, benevolence taste is fragrant and sweet, therefore is called almond-apricot, be based on benevolence with Armeniaca vulgaris class.Almond-apricot has flourishing root system, fully can absorb moisture and the nutrient of deep subsoil, drought-resistant ability is strong, impoverishment tolerant, general natural rainfall can meet its growth needs, therefore almond-apricot is the main seeds that China's wind sandy land builds economic forest, has double dominant that is economic and ecological aspect.But the raising technology of current almond-apricot is not mature enough, can not be given full play to it and be worth.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of grafting and breeding method of almond-apricot, and graft survival rate is higher, and the almond-apricot quality of breeding out is better.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A grafting and breeding method for almond-apricot, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selects process: select smooth, the draining of physical features well, neutrality leeward, ventilative on the sunny side does nursery, wholely, desinsection, sterilization, applying farmyard manure;
(2) stock seed selects process: select ansu apricot seed to do stock seed, and 1 day with the water soaking ansu apricot seed of 50 DEG C prior to seeding, naturally cools to room temperature, can sow after ansu apricot nucleus of the seed splits;
(3) sow: at nursery trench digging, adopt a some broadcast mode to be seeded in ditch, after planting water, earthing, height of seedling is remove earthing after 3cm;
(4) manage: carry out first time thinning when seedling grows 4 true leaves, weed with a hoe, water the whole year 3 times; During final singling and topdress for after final singling 30 days; Pinching when seedling grows to 30cm; Nursery stock grows to and can be used as stock and carry out grafting when rugosity while of 10cm place, ground is more than 0.6cm;
(5) scion prepares: growing normally, gathering scion without on 1 year raw almond-apricot branch of damage by disease and insect, cut blade and leave petiole, preserve 3 days at 8 DEG C, and scion be put in bucket before grafting and soak, the depth of water in bucket is 10cm;
(6) grafting: grafting is watered 1 time to nursery for first 8 days, adopt bud grafting method grafting, scion and stock interface tied up bundle with plastic strip after grafting solid and expose bud, budder when growing to more than 15cm and the plastic strip at back of buddering is cut open, and cut above stock of buddering;
(7) managing after grafting: stay 1 healthy and strong young sprout after grafting survival, remove other young sprouts, ties up it with pillar when this healthy and strong young sprout grows to 30cm and holds up; During almond-apricot seedling growth, topdress twice, water in time, draining, weeding, diseases prevention;
(8) shaping: when almond-apricot seedling height is 1m, carry out pinching and surely do, inspire side shoot, trunk height is 65cm, prunes tree-like;
(9) lifting goes out garden: lifting waters 1 time the last week, adopts mechanical lifting, and the lifting degree of depth is more than 30cm, and lifting is heeled in after going out garden in time.
Preferably, in step of the present invention (3), during trench digging, the degree of depth of ditch is 4 ~ 5cm.
Preferably, in step of the present invention (3), during program request, spacing in the rows is 6 ~ 8cm, and line-spacing is 30cm.
Preferably, in step of the present invention (3), the thickness of earthing is 4cm.
Preferably, the fertilizer adopted when topdressing in step of the present invention (4) and step (7) is urea or composite fertilizer.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The drought-resistant ability of ansu apricot is comparatively strong, and the life-span is longer, and better with the affinity of almond-apricot, be therefore suitable for the stock seed doing almond-apricot, can effectively improve graft survival rate and quality, the process before sowing can improve seed sprouting speed, ensures seed germination rate; Can improve cion survival rate and emergence rate to the process of scion before grafting, the graft survival rate of bud grafting method is higher, and after grafting, the moisturizing process of docking port also can improve graft survival rate, and the management after grafting and re-shaping exercise effectively can improve the quality of almond-apricot.
Embodiment:
Describe the present invention in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment, be used for explaining the present invention in this illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation, but not as a limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
A grafting and breeding method for almond-apricot, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selects process: select smooth, the draining of physical features well, neutrality leeward, ventilative on the sunny side does nursery, wholely, desinsection, sterilization, applying farmyard manure;
(2) stock seed selects process: select ansu apricot seed to do stock seed, and 1 day with the water soaking ansu apricot seed of 50 DEG C prior to seeding, naturally cools to room temperature, can sow after ansu apricot nucleus of the seed splits;
(3) sow: at nursery trench digging, the degree of depth of ditch is 4cm, adopt a some broadcast mode to be seeded in ditch, spacing in the rows is 6cm, and line-spacing is 30cm, after planting waters, earthing, and the thickness of earthing is 4cm, and height of seedling is remove earthing after 3cm;
(4) manage: carry out first time thinning when seedling grows 4 true leaves, weed with a hoe, water the whole year 3 times; During final singling and impose urea in after final singling 30 days; Pinching when seedling grows to 30cm; Nursery stock grows to and can be used as stock and carry out grafting when rugosity while of 10cm place, ground is more than 0.6cm;
(5) scion prepares: growing normally, gathering scion without on 1 year raw almond-apricot branch of damage by disease and insect, cut blade and leave petiole, preserve 3 days at 8 DEG C, and scion be put in bucket before grafting and soak, the depth of water in bucket is 10cm;
(6) grafting: grafting is watered 1 time to nursery for first 8 days, adopt bud grafting method grafting, scion and stock interface tied up bundle with plastic strip after grafting solid and expose bud, budder when growing to more than 15cm and the plastic strip at back of buddering is cut open, and cut above stock of buddering;
(7) managing after grafting: stay 1 healthy and strong young sprout after grafting survival, remove other young sprouts, ties up it with pillar when this healthy and strong young sprout grows to 30cm and holds up; During almond-apricot seedling growth, impose composite fertilizer twice, water in time, draining, weeding, diseases prevention;
(8) shaping: when almond-apricot seedling height is 1m, carry out pinching and surely do, inspire side shoot, trunk height is 65cm, prunes tree-like;
(9) lifting goes out garden: lifting waters 1 time the last week, adopts mechanical lifting, and the lifting degree of depth is more than 30cm, and lifting is heeled in after going out garden in time.
Embodiment 2
A grafting and breeding method for almond-apricot, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selects process: select smooth, the draining of physical features well, neutrality leeward, ventilative on the sunny side does nursery, wholely, desinsection, sterilization, applying farmyard manure;
(2) stock seed selects process: select ansu apricot seed to do stock seed, and 1 day with the water soaking ansu apricot seed of 50 DEG C prior to seeding, naturally cools to room temperature, can sow after ansu apricot nucleus of the seed splits;
(3) sow: at nursery trench digging, the degree of depth of ditch is 5cm, adopt a some broadcast mode to be seeded in ditch, spacing in the rows is 8cm, and line-spacing is 30cm, after planting waters, earthing, and the thickness of earthing is 4cm, and height of seedling is remove earthing after 3cm;
(4) manage: carry out first time thinning when seedling grows 4 true leaves, weed with a hoe, water the whole year 3 times; During final singling and impose composite fertilizer in after final singling 30 days; Pinching when seedling grows to 30cm; Nursery stock grows to and can be used as stock and carry out grafting when rugosity while of 10cm place, ground is more than 0.6cm;
(5) scion prepares: growing normally, gathering scion without on 1 year raw almond-apricot branch of damage by disease and insect, cut blade and leave petiole, preserve 3 days at 8 DEG C, and scion be put in bucket before grafting and soak, the depth of water in bucket is 10cm;
(6) grafting: grafting is watered 1 time to nursery for first 8 days, adopt bud grafting method grafting, scion and stock interface tied up bundle with plastic strip after grafting solid and expose bud, budder when growing to more than 15cm and the plastic strip at back of buddering is cut open, and cut above stock of buddering;
(7) managing after grafting: stay 1 healthy and strong young sprout after grafting survival, remove other young sprouts, ties up it with pillar when this healthy and strong young sprout grows to 30cm and holds up; During almond-apricot seedling growth, impose composite fertilizer twice, water in time, draining, weeding, diseases prevention;
(8) shaping: when almond-apricot seedling height is 1m, carry out pinching and surely do, inspire side shoot, trunk height is 65cm, prunes tree-like;
(9) lifting goes out garden: lifting waters 1 time the last week, adopts mechanical lifting, and the lifting degree of depth is more than 30cm, and lifting is heeled in after going out garden in time.
Embodiment 3
A grafting and breeding method for almond-apricot, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selects process: select smooth, the draining of physical features well, neutrality leeward, ventilative on the sunny side does nursery, wholely, desinsection, sterilization, applying farmyard manure;
(2) stock seed selects process: select ansu apricot seed to do stock seed, and 1 day with the water soaking ansu apricot seed of 50 DEG C prior to seeding, naturally cools to room temperature, can sow after ansu apricot nucleus of the seed splits;
(3) sow: at nursery trench digging, the degree of depth of ditch is 4cm, adopt a some broadcast mode to be seeded in ditch, spacing in the rows is 7cm, and line-spacing is 30cm, after planting waters, earthing, and the thickness of earthing is 4cm, and height of seedling is remove earthing after 3cm;
(4) manage: carry out first time thinning when seedling grows 4 true leaves, weed with a hoe, water the whole year 3 times; During final singling and impose composite fertilizer in after final singling 30 days; Pinching when seedling grows to 30cm; Nursery stock grows to and can be used as stock and carry out grafting when rugosity while of 10cm place, ground is more than 0.6cm;
(5) scion prepares: growing normally, gathering scion without on 1 year raw almond-apricot branch of damage by disease and insect, cut blade and leave petiole, preserve 3 days at 8 DEG C, and scion be put in bucket before grafting and soak, the depth of water in bucket is 10cm;
(6) grafting: grafting is watered 1 time to nursery for first 8 days, adopt bud grafting method grafting, scion and stock interface tied up bundle with plastic strip after grafting solid and expose bud, budder when growing to more than 15cm and the plastic strip at back of buddering is cut open, and cut above stock of buddering;
(7) managing after grafting: stay 1 healthy and strong young sprout after grafting survival, remove other young sprouts, ties up it with pillar when this healthy and strong young sprout grows to 30cm and holds up; During almond-apricot seedling growth, impose urea twice, water in time, draining, weeding, diseases prevention;
(8) shaping: when almond-apricot seedling height is 1m, carry out pinching and surely do, inspire side shoot, trunk height is 65cm, prunes tree-like;
(9) lifting goes out garden: lifting waters 1 time the last week, adopts mechanical lifting, and the lifting degree of depth is more than 30cm, and lifting is heeled in after going out garden in time.
Embodiment 4
A grafting and breeding method for almond-apricot, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selects process: select smooth, the draining of physical features well, neutrality leeward, ventilative on the sunny side does nursery, wholely, desinsection, sterilization, applying farmyard manure;
(2) stock seed selects process: select ansu apricot seed to do stock seed, and 1 day with the water soaking ansu apricot seed of 50 DEG C prior to seeding, naturally cools to room temperature, can sow after ansu apricot nucleus of the seed splits;
(3) sow: at nursery trench digging, the degree of depth of ditch is 4cm, adopt a some broadcast mode to be seeded in ditch, spacing in the rows is 8cm, and line-spacing is 30cm, after planting waters, earthing, and the thickness of earthing is 4cm, and height of seedling is remove earthing after 3cm;
(4) manage: carry out first time thinning when seedling grows 4 true leaves, weed with a hoe, water the whole year 3 times; During final singling and impose urea in after final singling 30 days; Pinching when seedling grows to 30cm; Nursery stock grows to and can be used as stock and carry out grafting when rugosity while of 10cm place, ground is more than 0.6cm;
(5) scion prepares: growing normally, gathering scion without on 1 year raw almond-apricot branch of damage by disease and insect, cut blade and leave petiole, preserve 3 days at 8 DEG C, and scion be put in bucket before grafting and soak, the depth of water in bucket is 10cm;
(6) grafting: grafting is watered 1 time to nursery for first 8 days, adopt bud grafting method grafting, scion and stock interface tied up bundle with plastic strip after grafting solid and expose bud, budder when growing to more than 15cm and the plastic strip at back of buddering is cut open, and cut above stock of buddering;
(7) managing after grafting: stay 1 healthy and strong young sprout after grafting survival, remove other young sprouts, ties up it with pillar when this healthy and strong young sprout grows to 30cm and holds up; During almond-apricot seedling growth, impose urea twice, water in time, draining, weeding, diseases prevention;
(8) shaping: when almond-apricot seedling height is 1m, carry out pinching and surely do, inspire side shoot, trunk height is 65cm, prunes tree-like;
(9) lifting goes out garden: lifting waters 1 time the last week, adopts mechanical lifting, and the lifting degree of depth is more than 30cm, and lifting is heeled in after going out garden in time.
Embodiment 5
A grafting and breeding method for almond-apricot, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selects process: select smooth, the draining of physical features well, neutrality leeward, ventilative on the sunny side does nursery, wholely, desinsection, sterilization, applying farmyard manure;
(2) stock seed selects process: select ansu apricot seed to do stock seed, and 1 day with the water soaking ansu apricot seed of 50 DEG C prior to seeding, naturally cools to room temperature, can sow after ansu apricot nucleus of the seed splits;
(3) sow: at nursery trench digging, the degree of depth of ditch is 5cm, adopt a some broadcast mode to be seeded in ditch, spacing in the rows is 6cm, and line-spacing is 30cm, after planting waters, earthing, and the thickness of earthing is 4cm, and height of seedling is remove earthing after 3cm;
(4) manage: carry out first time thinning when seedling grows 4 true leaves, weed with a hoe, water the whole year 3 times; During final singling and impose urea in after final singling 30 days; Pinching when seedling grows to 30cm; Nursery stock grows to and can be used as stock and carry out grafting when rugosity while of 10cm place, ground is more than 0.6cm;
(5) scion prepares: growing normally, gathering scion without on 1 year raw almond-apricot branch of damage by disease and insect, cut blade and leave petiole, preserve 3 days at 8 DEG C, and scion be put in bucket before grafting and soak, the depth of water in bucket is 10cm;
(6) grafting: grafting is watered 1 time to nursery for first 8 days, adopt bud grafting method grafting, scion and stock interface tied up bundle with plastic strip after grafting solid and expose bud, budder when growing to more than 15cm and the plastic strip at back of buddering is cut open, and cut above stock of buddering;
(7) managing after grafting: stay 1 healthy and strong young sprout after grafting survival, remove other young sprouts, ties up it with pillar when this healthy and strong young sprout grows to 30cm and holds up; During almond-apricot seedling growth, impose composite fertilizer twice, water in time, draining, weeding, diseases prevention;
(8) shaping: when almond-apricot seedling height is 1m, carry out pinching and surely do, inspire side shoot, trunk height is 65cm, prunes tree-like;
(9) lifting goes out garden: lifting waters 1 time the last week, adopts mechanical lifting, and the lifting degree of depth is more than 30cm, and lifting is heeled in after going out garden in time.
Embodiment 6
A grafting and breeding method for almond-apricot, comprises the following steps:
(1) nursery selects process: select smooth, the draining of physical features well, neutrality leeward, ventilative on the sunny side does nursery, wholely, desinsection, sterilization, applying farmyard manure;
(2) stock seed selects process: select ansu apricot seed to do stock seed, and 1 day with the water soaking ansu apricot seed of 50 DEG C prior to seeding, naturally cools to room temperature, can sow after ansu apricot nucleus of the seed splits;
(3) sow: at nursery trench digging, the degree of depth of ditch is 5cm, adopt a some broadcast mode to be seeded in ditch, spacing in the rows is 7cm, and line-spacing is 30cm, after planting waters, earthing, and the thickness of earthing is 4cm, and height of seedling is remove earthing after 3cm;
(4) manage: carry out first time thinning when seedling grows 4 true leaves, weed with a hoe, water the whole year 3 times; During final singling and impose composite fertilizer in after final singling 30 days; Pinching when seedling grows to 30cm; Nursery stock grows to and can be used as stock and carry out grafting when rugosity while of 10cm place, ground is more than 0.6cm;
(5) scion prepares: growing normally, gathering scion without on 1 year raw almond-apricot branch of damage by disease and insect, cut blade and leave petiole, preserve 3 days at 8 DEG C, and scion be put in bucket before grafting and soak, the depth of water in bucket is 10cm;
(6) grafting: grafting is watered 1 time to nursery for first 8 days, adopt bud grafting method grafting, scion and stock interface tied up bundle with plastic strip after grafting solid and expose bud, budder when growing to more than 15cm and the plastic strip at back of buddering is cut open, and cut above stock of buddering;
(7) managing after grafting: stay 1 healthy and strong young sprout after grafting survival, remove other young sprouts, ties up it with pillar when this healthy and strong young sprout grows to 30cm and holds up; During almond-apricot seedling growth, impose composite fertilizer twice, water in time, draining, weeding, diseases prevention;
(8) shaping: when almond-apricot seedling height is 1m, carry out pinching and surely do, inspire side shoot, trunk height is 65cm, prunes tree-like;
(9) lifting goes out garden: lifting waters 1 time the last week, adopts mechanical lifting, and the lifting degree of depth is more than 30cm, and lifting is heeled in after going out garden in time.
Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not for limiting the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all without prejudice under spirit of the present invention and category, can modify above-described embodiment or changes.Therefore, such as have in art usually know the knowledgeable do not depart from complete under disclosed spirit and technological thought all equivalence modify or change, must be contained by claim of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a grafting and breeding method for almond-apricot, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) nursery selects process: select smooth, the draining of physical features well, neutrality leeward, ventilative on the sunny side does nursery, wholely, desinsection, sterilization, applying farmyard manure;
(2) stock seed selects process: select ansu apricot seed to do stock seed, and 1 day with the water soaking ansu apricot seed of 50 DEG C prior to seeding, naturally cools to room temperature, can sow after ansu apricot nucleus of the seed splits;
(3) sow: at nursery trench digging, adopt a some broadcast mode to be seeded in ditch, after planting water, earthing, height of seedling is remove earthing after 3cm;
(4) manage: carry out first time thinning when seedling grows 4 true leaves, weed with a hoe, water the whole year 3 times; During final singling and topdress for after final singling 30 days; Pinching when seedling grows to 30cm; Nursery stock grows to and can be used as stock and carry out grafting when rugosity while of 10cm place, ground is more than 0.6cm;
(5) scion prepares: growing normally, gathering scion without on 1 year raw almond-apricot branch of damage by disease and insect, cut blade and leave petiole, preserve 3 days at 8 DEG C, and scion be put in bucket before grafting and soak, the depth of water in bucket is 10cm;
(6) grafting: grafting is watered 1 time to nursery for first 8 days, adopt bud grafting method grafting, scion and stock interface tied up bundle with plastic strip after grafting solid and expose bud, budder when growing to more than 15cm and the plastic strip at back of buddering is cut open, and cut above stock of buddering;
(7) managing after grafting: stay 1 healthy and strong young sprout after grafting survival, remove other young sprouts, ties up it with pillar when this healthy and strong young sprout grows to 30cm and holds up; During almond-apricot seedling growth, topdress twice, water in time, draining, weeding, diseases prevention;
(8) shaping: when almond-apricot seedling height is 1m, carry out pinching and surely do, inspire side shoot, trunk height is 65cm, prunes tree-like;
(9) lifting goes out garden: lifting waters 1 time the last week, adopts mechanical lifting, and the lifting degree of depth is more than 30cm, and lifting is heeled in after going out garden in time.
2. the grafting and breeding method of a kind of almond-apricot according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (3), and during trench digging, the degree of depth of ditch is 4 ~ 5cm.
3. the grafting and breeding method of a kind of almond-apricot according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (3), and during program request, spacing in the rows is 6 ~ 8cm, and line-spacing is 30cm.
4. the grafting and breeding method of a kind of almond-apricot according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (3), and the thickness of earthing is 4cm.
5. the grafting and breeding method of a kind of almond-apricot according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fertilizer adopted when topdressing in described step (4) and step (7) is urea or composite fertilizer.
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| CN105475000A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-13 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Bamboo-chip bark grafting tip changing method for apricot trees |
| CN115088493A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-23 | 辽宁省旱地农林研究所 | Improved variety transformation method for low-yield orchard of large flat apricots |
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| CN105475000A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-13 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Bamboo-chip bark grafting tip changing method for apricot trees |
| CN105475000B (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2018-07-24 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of slotting skin scion grafting swap method of apricot bamboo chip |
| CN115088493A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-09-23 | 辽宁省旱地农林研究所 | Improved variety transformation method for low-yield orchard of large flat apricots |
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