CN112715185B - Buckwheat grafting method - Google Patents
Buckwheat grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112715185B CN112715185B CN202110143298.1A CN202110143298A CN112715185B CN 112715185 B CN112715185 B CN 112715185B CN 202110143298 A CN202110143298 A CN 202110143298A CN 112715185 B CN112715185 B CN 112715185B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a buckwheat grafting method, which comprises the following steps: 1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating: soaking buckwheat seeds in a bactericide, cleaning the buckwheat seeds with clear water, and soaking the buckwheat seeds in clear water to obtain buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment; 2) Sowing and seedling raising: the buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment are sown, covered with soil and watered; carrying out first thinning when the seedling grows to the cotyledon stage; 3) Grafting: taking buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart as stocks and scions, and grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method; grafting by cleft grafting comprises the following steps: a rootstock treatment process and a scion treatment process; the rootstock treatment process comprises the following steps: 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf of the rootstock are reserved; the scion treatment process comprises the following steps: 1, preserving true leaves of the scion; 4) Managing after grafting; the grafting method improves survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a buckwheat grafting method.
Background
Buckwheat (school name: fagopyrum esculentum Moench.), another name: buckwheat, rye, triangle wheat and the like, which are annual herbs, polygonum multiflorum, rhubarb and other similar Polygonaceae plants, are characteristic coarse cereals with homology of medicine and food, have excellent nutritional and health-care value and remarkable dietotherapy effect, and have good development prospect. Buckwheat has a long cultivation history, is distributed in most regions of China, and is also distributed in Asia and European countries. Common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat are two main buckwheat cultivars. With the gradual and intensive research on the nutrition and medicinal components of the buckwheat, people increasingly favor the buckwheat food, and the buckwheat food is short in supply and demand in earning foreign exchange in export. However, for a long time, the buckwheat has low fruiting rate, high abortion rate and low and unstable yield, and the physiological mechanism of the buckwheat needs to be deeply researched to accelerate germplasm breeding and culture excellent varieties. Meanwhile, in buckwheat production, continuous cropping obstacles are serious, growth and development of buckwheat and yield formation are greatly influenced, grafting is an important technical measure for researching and overcoming the problems, and the method is worthy of vigorous popularization and application. The grafting technology is researched on related crops such as gardening, but buckwheat is still a blank, rich secondary metabolites greatly influence the grafting process of buckwheat in the Polygonaceae, the requirements on the grafting technology, environmental conditions and management measures in the processes of grafting pretreatment, grafting and wound healing are high, and seedling formation is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present application provides a novel buckwheat systematic grafting method, which is provided for solving the above problems, so that the buckwheat grafting survival rate is ensured, the buckwheat seedling formation and yield formation are promoted, and the survival rate is improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the application is a buckwheat grafting method, which comprises the following steps:
1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating:
soaking buckwheat seeds in a bactericide, cleaning the buckwheat seeds with clear water, and soaking the buckwheat seeds in clear water to obtain buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment;
2) Sowing and seedling raising:
the buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment are sown, covered with soil and watered; when the seedlings grow to the cotyledon stage, carrying out first thinning;
3) Grafting:
taking buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart as stocks and scions, and grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method;
grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method comprises the following steps: a rootstock treatment process and a scion treatment process;
the rootstock treatment process comprises the following steps: 1 pair of cotyledon and 1 true leaf of the stock are reserved;
the scion treatment process comprises the following steps: 1, preserving true leaves of the scions;
4) And (5) managing after grafting.
Preferably, the clean water washing operation is washing with deionized water for 2-3 times.
Preferably, the bactericide is thiophanate methyl.
Preferably, the buckwheat seeds are full, free of impurities and free of plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the seed soaking time of the bactericide is 1h.
Preferably, the bactericide is 1wt% of thiophanate methyl.
Preferably, the seed soaking time in clear water is 6h.
Preferably, the buckwheat seeds subjected to the pregermination treatment are sown by hole sowing or drill sowing.
Preferably, the seeds are sown in a nursery bed or a nursery pot.
Preferably, the soil covering process is to cover 0.8-1.2 cm of soil.
Preferably, the watering process is thorough watering, and the field water holding capacity of the soil reaches 70-80%.
Preferably, the standard of the water permeability is water leakage at the bottom of a seedling bed or a seedling pot, and the field water capacity of the soil reaches 70-80%.
Preferably, the step 2) further comprises: the first time of thinning is to apply the anti-bacteria drug.
Preferably, the application method of the anti-bacteria drug application process is spraying.
Preferably, the anti-bacteria drug is fomesafen.
The thinning treatment has other requirements except that the anti-bacterial medicine is sprayed once when thinning for the first time, the total thinning times are 1-2 times, the planting density is ensured, weak seedlings are removed, and strong seedlings are remained.
Preferably, the buckwheat seedlings are robust plants without plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the step 2) further comprises: the temperature in the daytime is guaranteed to be 20-35 ℃, and the temperature at night is guaranteed to be 15-25 ℃.
The grafting method according to claim 1, the rootstock treatment comprising in particular: and (3) reserving 1 pair of cotyledons and 1 true leaf of the stock, horizontally transversely cutting the position 2-3 cm above the axilla of the true leaf and vertically cutting the position 1.5-2 cm above the medulla.
Preferably, the scion treatment specifically comprises: and (3) reserving 1 true leaf of the scion, horizontally crosscutting the scion at a position 2-2.5 cm below the axilla of the true leaf, and obliquely cutting two sides of the scion at a position 0.5-1 cm below the axilla of the true leaf to enable the section of the scion to be in a double wedge shape.
Preferably, the step 3) specifically includes: grafting:
taking buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart as rootstocks and scions
Reserving 1 pair of cotyledon and 1 true leaf of the stock, horizontally transversely cutting the stock at a position 2-3 cm above an axilla of the true leaf and vertically cutting the stock in a manner of 1.5-2 cm in the medulla heart to obtain the treated stock;
keeping 1 true leaf of the scion, horizontally crosscutting the scion at a position 2-2.5 cm below an axilla of the true leaf, and beveling two sides of the scion at a position 0.5-1 cm below the axilla of the true leaf to enable the scion section to be in a double wedge shape, so as to obtain a processed scion;
inserting the treated scion into the cut of the treated rootstock;
and winding and fixing by using a grafting film.
Preferably, the medullary heart vertical cutting position is positioned in the middle of the rootstock stem.
Preferably, the cuts of the rootstock and the scion are flat.
Preferably, the post-grafting management process comprises: ensuring the environmental humidity to be 85% -95%; the environmental temperature is 20-30 ℃.
Preferably, the post-grafting management process comprises: and (4) processing for 3-6 days in a dark place.
Preferably, the post-grafting management process comprises: and (3) building an arched film on the seedling bed and covering a sunshade net, or placing the seedling pot in a phytotron.
Compared with the prior art, the detailed description of the application is as follows:
at present, the research aiming at the grafting technology at home and abroad is less than a hundred years, the grafting technology is not only an important agricultural technology in the world, and is based on the unique advantages of the grafting technology, and meanwhile, along with the development of modern scientific technology, the grafting technology is widely applied to the research of plant physiological and biochemical mechanisms in the fields of botany, agriculture, forestry and the like, such as genetics, molecular biology, developmental biology, breeding science and the like, and the technology not only is beneficial to the research of relevant development of plants, but also can guide the improvement and production of the plants. However, no report about buckwheat grafting method is found through retrieval. The invention provides a buckwheat grafting method for the first time, and the survival rate is high and reaches 94.20%.
The invention adopts the bactericide to disinfect buckwheat seeds in advance to prevent bacteria from infecting the buckwheat seeds, then uses deionized water to clean the buckwheat seeds for 2 to 3 times, soaks the seeds in clear water for accelerating germination, and has low cost, simple method and easy operation.
In the sowing and seedling raising process, the first thinning is carried out when the seedlings grow to the cotyledon stage, a good growth environment is provided for the buckwheat seedlings, and the insect pests and bacterial infection are reduced. And the first anti-bacteria drug is applied during the first thinning process, so that a good growth environment is further provided for the buckwheat seedlings, and the plant diseases and insect pests and bacterial infection are reduced.
In the grafting process, buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart (three-leaf period) are taken as the stocks and the scions, and the cleft grafting method is adopted for grafting, so that the operation is easier and is easy to master and the efficiency is improved compared with the method of adopting buckwheat seedlings with hollow marrow at the cotyledon period and the three-leaf period as the stocks. In the grafting process, 1 pair of cotyledon and 1 true leaf of the rootstock are reserved, and 1 true leaf of the scion is reserved, so that before the marrow of the rootstock and the scion is in a vacuum critical state, the growth time of the rootstock is long enough to ensure more nutrient providing capability, and meanwhile, 1 true leaf of the scion is in a growth vigorous stage, the combination of the two ensures that the combination effect of the rootstock and the scion is good, and the survival rate is effectively improved.
The method has the advantages of shading light, ventilating, keeping air humidity and temperature, reducing the influence of the environment on the grafted seedlings and improving the survival rate in the management process after grafting.
The buckwheat grafting system is explored and established, so that the research on the related researches such as the development of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of plants and the like is facilitated, and the improvement and production of the plants are guided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the grafting treatment process in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing buckwheat grafted according to example 1;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the case where the grafted seedling enters the initial flowering phase after being transplanted in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a diagram I of the transplanted growth of grafted seedlings in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a diagram II showing the transplanted growth of the grafted seedling of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A buckwheat grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating:
selecting full, impurity-free and disease and pest-free buckwheat seeds, soaking the buckwheat seeds in 0.1wt% of thiophanate methyl for 1 hour, cleaning with clear water (cleaning with deionized water for 2-3 times), and soaking the buckwheat seeds in the clear water for 6 hours to obtain buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment;
2) Sowing and seedling raising:
the buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment are sowed in holes and sowed in a seedling bed, and then covered with soil after sowingAbout 1cm, thoroughly watering, and ensuring that the temperature is 20-35 ℃ in the daytime and 15-25 ℃ at night; when the seedlings grow to the cotyledon period, first thinning is carried out, and 800-900mL/hm of defluorinating bacterium beijerinchan (687.5 g/L defluorinating bacterium beijerinchan suspending agent (Yinfale) is sprayed once 2 Adding 600-680kg/hm of water 2 )；
3) Grafting:
when 3-leaf and 1-core buckwheat seedlings are taken as stocks and scions,
treating the rootstock: reserving 1 pair of cotyledon and 1 true leaf of the stock, horizontally crosscutting the stock at a position 2-3 cm above an axilla of the true leaf, vertically cutting the stock at a medulla heart by 1.5-2 cm, wherein the medulla heart is vertically cut at the middle part of a stem of the stock, and thus obtaining the treated stock;
scion treatment: keeping 1 true leaf of the scion, horizontally crosscutting the scion at a position 2-2.5 cm below the axilla of the true leaf, and beveling two sides of the scion at a position 0.5-1 cm below the axilla of the true leaf to enable the scion section to be in a double wedge shape, so as to obtain the processed scion;
inserting the treated scion into the cut of the treated rootstock;
winding and fixing a grafting film to obtain a grafted seedling;
4) And (3) management after grafting:
an arch-shaped film is built on the seedling bed, a sunshade net is covered on the arch-shaped film, and management is carried out from four aspects of illumination, temperature, humidity and density;
(1) illumination management: after grafting, a sunshade net is adopted for light-proof treatment for 3-6 days, and after light-proof treatment, light is transmitted to harden the seedlings;
(2) temperature management: after grafting, ensuring the environmental temperature to be 20-30 ℃;
(3) humidity management: after grafting, the environmental humidity is ensured to be 85% -95%;
(4) density management: the row spacing is controlled to be 25-35cm during planting, the hole spacing is controlled to be 30-35cm, and planting is carried out according to rows to ensure ventilation at the later stage. And ventilating and hardening seedlings after the grafted seedlings are in seedling rejuvenation stage to enter seedling stage normal management.
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
in the step 2), the standard of the water permeability is water leakage at the bottom of the seedling bed, and the field water capacity of the soil reaches 70-80%;
grafting in the grafting process of the step 3) by adopting a cleft grafting method, and disinfecting tools used before transverse cutting, vertical cutting and oblique cutting;
in the step 3), the survival rate is not influenced when the horizontal cross cutting is carried out at the position less than 1.5cm above the axilla of the true leaf in the stock treatment process, but the air root is easily generated at the joint of the stock and the ear, and the dehydration is easily carried out at the joint of the stock and the ear when the horizontal cross cutting is carried out at the position more than 3cm above the axilla of the true leaf, so that the survival rate is influenced; the combination surface of the stock and the scion is reduced and is not easy to heal because the cut of the medullary heart vertical incision is too short, and dehydration is easy to cause because the cut is too long;
in the step 3), in the stock treatment and the scion treatment, the scion cut length cannot exceed the vertical cut length of the stock, so that scion dehydration is avoided, and the stock and scion cuts are ensured to be smooth;
in the process of winding and fixing the grafting film, the grafting film is compact, does not loosen and does not fall off, so that the cut healing of the stock and the scion is ensured, and the moisture loss of the stock and the scion cut is prevented;
in the step 4), the normal management of the seedling stage comprises: irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture content, the water holding capacity of the soil field is ensured to reach 70-80 wt%, germination is removed (whether grafted scion strips sprout or not is checked, and the grafting is carried out in time when the grafted scion strips die, if the grafted scion strips sprout, the grafted scion strips can be removed in time, so that the scion is beneficial to the sprouting and growth of the scion, and plant diseases and insect pests are prevented (plants are pulled out, and insect repellent liquid is sprayed for preventing and treating).
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the grafting process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the condition of buckwheat after grafting;
transplanting the grafted seedlings after the management after the transplanting, wherein fig. 3 is a diagram of the situation that the grafted seedlings enter the initial flowering phase after the transplanting; FIG. 4 is a diagram I of grafted seedling transplanting growth (seed formation period); FIG. 5 is a diagram II of transplanted growth of grafted seedlings (grain filling).
The effect example:
the comparative example differs from example 1 only in that: the leaf retaining conditions in the rootstock treatment process and the scion treatment process are different.
And (4) counting the survival rate of grafted seedlings within 14 days after grafting, wherein 50 grafted plants are obtained in each treatment mode, and the number of the grafted plants is repeated for 3 times, and the total number is 150.
The results are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1
S: scion
R: stock
0: leaves of the tree
1: leave 1 true leaf
2: leave 1 pair of leaves
3: leaving 1 pair of cotyledon and 1 true leaf
As can be seen from Table 1, the grafting survival rate of the method provided by the invention is more than or equal to 98.0%, and the 14-day survival rate of the conventional grafting method can reach 94.20%.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 only in that:
in the step 2), the standard of the water permeability is water leakage at the bottom of the seedling raising pot;
in the step 2), in the process of sowing and seedling raising, the buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment are sowed in a row and sowed in a seedling raising pot; in the management process after grafting in the step 4), the seedling raising pot is placed in an artificial climate chamber and is managed from four aspects of illumination, temperature, humidity and density;
(1) illumination management: and (3) after grafting, processing for 3-6 days in a dark place, and performing light-transmitting seedling hardening after the light-proof processing.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A buckwheat grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Seed soaking and germination accelerating:
soaking buckwheat seeds in a bactericide, cleaning the buckwheat seeds with clear water, and soaking the buckwheat seeds in clear water to obtain buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment;
2) Sowing and seedling raising:
sowing the buckwheat seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment, covering soil, and watering; carrying out first thinning when the seedling grows to the cotyledon stage;
3) Grafting:
taking buckwheat seedlings growing to 3 leaves and 1 heart as stocks and scions, and grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method;
grafting by adopting a cleft grafting method comprises the following steps: a rootstock treatment process and a scion treatment process;
the rootstock treatment process comprises the following steps: reserving 1 pair of cotyledon and 1 true leaf of the stock, horizontally transversely cutting the stock at a position 2-3 cm above an axilla of the true leaf and vertically cutting the stock in a manner of 1.5-2 cm in the medulla heart to obtain the treated stock;
the scion treatment process comprises the following steps: keeping 1 true leaf of the scion, horizontally crosscutting the scion at a position 2-2.5 cm below the axilla of the true leaf, and beveling two sides of the scion at a position 0.5-1 cm below the axilla of the true leaf to enable the scion section to be in a double wedge shape, so as to obtain the processed scion;
inserting the treated scion into the treated stock cut, and winding and fixing the scion by using a grafting film;
4) And (5) managing after grafting.
2. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the bactericide is thiophanate methyl.
3. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) further comprises: the first time of thinning is to apply the anti-bacteria drug.
4. The grafting method according to claim 3, wherein the anti-pathogenic agent is propamocarb.
5. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) further comprises: the daytime temperature is 20-35 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is 15-25 ℃.
6. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the post-grafting management procedure comprises: ensuring the environmental humidity to be 85% -95%; the environmental temperature is 20-30 ℃.
7. The grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the post-grafting management procedure comprises: and (4) processing for 3-6 days in a dark place.
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