CN111869443A - Wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method - Google Patents
Wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting wild buckwheat stems to prepare cutting stems; (2) placing one end of the cuttage stalk in a rooting agent for soaking for a certain time and then taking out; (3) inserting one end of the cutting stem soaked with the rooting agent into a cutting garden; (4) after the cuttage is finished, a sun-shading part is arranged above the cuttage garden, and the wild buckwheat seedlings are bred. The transplanting survival rate of the seedlings bred by the wild buckwheat seedling breeding method provided by the invention is up to 96%, and the growth condition is good. Meanwhile, the wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings bred by the breeding method can avoid the problems of high seed source degradation rate of root tuber breeding seedlings, high disease incidence, low seed source root tuber breeding coefficient, large root tuber seedling consumption and the like in the subsequent growth process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method.
Background
Wild buckwheat rhizome (d.don) Hara) is a perennial herb of the genus fagopyrum of the family Polygonaceae, is taken as a medicine by dry root tubers, has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, expelling pus and removing stasis, and is an important traditional Chinese medicinal material for treating lung abscess, measles, pneumonia, peritonsillar abscess and other diseases in China; modern researches find that the wild buckwheat rhizome root tuber has the effects of resisting cancers, inhibiting the invasion and the metastasis of tumor cells and lung, eliminating phlegm, resisting inflammation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, reducing reduction reaction and enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages. Wild buckwheat has wide distribution and large genetic difference, and is listed in the first national key protection wild plant record in 1999 as a level II protection plant due to a large amount of mining and nearly endangering extinction. At present, wild buckwheat rhizome is mainly used for the production of extracts, Chinese patent medicine industry and health care products except for the formula of decoction pieces, and the annual demand of raw medicinal materials reaches more than 1 million tons. Along with the increase of the demand of wild buckwheat rhizome, the planting scale is rapidly enlarged, and the supply of wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings is in need of solution.
The wild buckwheat rhizome can be propagated by adopting two propagation modes of sexual propagation (seed propagation) and asexual propagation, and the sexual propagation (seed propagation) has the advantages of high seed source stability and high survival rate, but the wild buckwheat rhizome is an unlimited inflorescence, has strong seed falling property, inconsistent seed maturation time of the same inflorescence, difficult seed collection, lower seed yield and higher cost for seed propagation and seedling production, and has difficulty in realizing large-scale seedling production. Therefore, the wild buckwheat rhizome is a national level II protective plant, wild resources of the wild buckwheat rhizome can be greatly damaged in the form of digging the wild root tuber for cultivation, the seed source degradation rate of the root tuber seedling produced by cutting the root tuber is high, the root rot phenomenon of the wild buckwheat rhizome cultivated by using the root tuber seedling is very serious after two years, the problems of high disease infection rate, low seed source root tuber breeding coefficient, large root tuber seedling consumption and the like can occur in the subsequent growth process, and the wild buckwheat rhizome propagation method has certain limitation on the development of the wild buckwheat rhizome industry and certain destructiveness on the wild resources. Therefore, a method for realizing large-scale industrialized wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding on the basis of wild resource protection is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method, which is to breed wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings by adopting a cuttage method; the cuttage method for breeding the wild buckwheat seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting wild buckwheat stems to prepare cutting stems;
(2) placing one end of the cuttage stalk in a rooting agent for soaking for a certain time and then taking out;
(3) inserting one end of the cutting stem soaked with the rooting agent into a cutting garden;
(4) after the cuttage is finished, a sun-shading part is arranged above the cuttage garden, and the wild buckwheat seedlings are bred.
The cut stem has no function of locking water and retaining water of roots, branches and leaves, so the light irradiating the stem needs to be shaded to reduce the water transpiration of the stem. The sunshade component of the present invention includes but is not limited to sunshade net, sunshade plate, and the component capable of shielding light can be used as the sunshade component of the present invention.
Furthermore, the wild buckwheat rhizome is selected from the following components: fresh wild buckwheat stems which are grown vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests in two years or more.
Further, the preparation of the cutting stem comprises the following steps:
cutting off the fresh stem of the wild buckwheat from the root end, removing leaves, removing twigs, cutting the remained stem according to the condition that each stem contains 2 stem nodes, and obtaining the cutting material with 2 stem nodes, namely the cutting stem.
Further, the cutting time of the cymose buckwheat stems is 6-8 months per year.
Based on the fact that 6-8 months are the flowering period of wild buckwheat and the stem viability of wild buckwheat is strong at the flowering period, the cuttage stem of wild buckwheat is subjected to cuttage breeding in 3-10 months in one year by combining the applicant, and the obtained results are as follows: the optimal cutting time is 6-8 months, and the survival rate of the stem subjected to cutting in the time period is higher. Cuttage is carried out in 6 months earlier, the stem of the wild buckwheat is too tender before the flowering phase, the water content is high, and the wild buckwheat is easy to lose water and die in the cuttage process; later than 8 months, the wild buckwheat stems begin to fruit, the stems are too old, the water is not easy to store, and the wild buckwheat stems are easy to wither and die.
Further, the rooting agent is diluted 600 times of rooting mixed liquor, and the rooting mixed liquor comprises the following components: a rooting agent: naphthalene acetic acid: indole acetic acid: when the roots fall to the ground, the roots are (1: 1: 1: 1).
The rooting agent is auxin compounds of plant growth regulator promoters, is a compound regulator, and is a rooting agent (root expansion type) compounded by nutrient elements and growth promoter substances; the naphthylacetic acid is a broad-spectrum growth regulator, can promote cell division and expansion, induces to form adventitious roots, and is a rooting agent commonly used for cuttage; indole acetic acid is an endogenous auxin, also known as auxin, auxin and isoauxin, commonly existing in plants and has a promoting effect on the formation of top bud ends of plant branches or buds, seedlings and the like; the standard root is a trade name, the main component of the standard root is indolebutyric acid which is endogenous auxin and can promote cell division and cell growth and induce the formation of adventitious roots, and the standard root growth promoter is a commonly used plant main root growth promoter and is mainly used for cutting rooting, can induce the formation of root protomer and promote cell differentiation and division, is favorable for the generation of new roots and the differentiation of vascular bundle systems and promotes the formation of adventitious roots of cuttings.
The determination of the proportion of the components for processing the stem by cutting is to integrate the purposes of various hormones, a cutting processing experiment is carried out by applying a permutation and combination mode, and finally, the ratio of the survival rate to the root growth is found to be the highest, the root growth is the best, and the ratio of the survival rate to the root formation condition is as follows: a rooting agent: naphthalene acetic acid: indole acetic acid: denudate radicis (1: 1: 1: 1) > naphthylacetic acid: indoleacetic acid ═ (1: 1) > control > indoleacetic acid: rooting agent ═ (1: 1) > indolacetic acid: when the roots fall to the ground, the roots are (1: 1).
Furthermore, the time for soaking one end of the cutting stalk in the rooting agent mixed solution is 25-35 min. When one end of the cutting stem is soaked in the rooting agent mixed solution for too long time, the penetration is easy to occur, so that the damage of the cutting strip is caused; if the soaking time is too short, the medicament can not be completely absorbed by the plants.
Furthermore, the cutting garden comprises the following components in percentage by mass: farmyard manure is 3: 1.
Further, the moisture of the cutting bed is maintained at greater than or equal to 85% prior to insertion of the cutting stalks into the cutting bed.
Furthermore, the depth of inserting one end of the cutting stem soaked with the rooting agent into the cutting garden is equal to the depth of just inserting the stem node at the end of the cutting material treatment into the cutting garden.
Further, the sunshade is removed after 5 months of cutting completion.
Furthermore, the humidity of a cutting garden is kept to be not lower than 65% in the breeding process of the wild buckwheat rhizome cutting seedlings.
Further, the breeding method further comprises the following steps: after the cuttage is finished for 3 months, 4 kg/mu of balanced foliar fertilizer is sprayed; the balanced foliar fertilizer comprises: 20% of nitrogen, 20% of phosphorus, 20% of potassium and trace elements.
Further, the breeding method further comprises the following steps: after 4 months of cuttage, spraying 6 kg/mu of high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer; the high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer comprises: 10% of nitrogen, 30% of phosphorus, 20% of potassium and trace elements.
According to the wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method provided by the invention, the survival rate of the seedlings is almost the same as that of seedlings bred by direct seeding of seeds, so that the wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method can successfully breed the wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings, the survival rate of seedling transplantation is up to 96%, and the wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings bred by the breeding method can keep consistent with the growth condition of the wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings bred by a sexual propagation method. Meanwhile, the wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings bred by the method can avoid the problems of high seed source degradation rate of the root tuber seedlings, high disease incidence rate, low seed source root tuber breeding coefficient, large root tuber seedling consumption and the like in the subsequent growth process. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows the cutting material obtained after treatment according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a graph of the rooting of a cutting seedling after 1 month of cutting according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows a graph of the growth of cuttings after 2 months of cutting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a graph of the growth of cuttings after 3 months of cuttage according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the rhizome growth of a cutting seedling after 6 months of cutting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the growth of a wild buckwheat rhizome root seedling obtained by cutting propagation, direct seeding propagation and root cutting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6a shows a wild buckwheat rhizome seedling bred by cuttage according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6b shows a wild buckwheat rhizome seedling bred by direct seeding of seeds according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6c shows a golden buckwheat root tuber seedling obtained by root tuber division according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the medicinal material of wild buckwheat rhizome after three years of cutting seedlings and root-tuber seedlings according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7a shows the medicinal material of wild buckwheat rhizome after three years of cutting seedling cultivation according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7b shows the medicinal material of wild buckwheat rhizome after three years of cultivation of root-tuber seedlings according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method, which is to adopt a cuttage method to breed wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings; the cuttage method for breeding the wild buckwheat seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting wild buckwheat stems to prepare cutting stems; specifically, the selection of the cutting stem comprises: selecting fresh stems of two-year-old or more wild buckwheat which are free from diseases and insect pests and grow vigorously, cutting off the stems from root ends, removing leaves, removing twigs according to the aging degree of the stems, and cutting the remaining stems according to the condition that each stem contains 2 stem nodes to obtain a cutting material with 2 stem nodes, wherein the cutting material is shown in figure 1;
(2) placing one end of the cuttage stalk in a rooting mixture for soaking for a certain time and then taking out; specifically, in 6-8 months in a year, the end of the cutting material with one stem node is placed in a position with the mass ratio of rooting agent: naphthalene acetic acid: indole acetic acid: soaking in 600 times of solution (1: 1: 1: 1) for 25-35min, taking out, and cutting;
(3) inserting one end of the cutting stem soaked with the rooting mixture into a cutting garden formed by a cutting medium; wherein, the cutting garden is soil: soaking a cuttage matrix one day before cuttage with water in a farmyard manure (3: 1) to ensure that the humidity of the cuttage matrix before cuttage is greater than or equal to 85%; the stem node at one end of the cutting material treated is just cut into the substrate;
(4) and after the cuttage is finished, covering a sunshade net above the cuttage garden to realize the seedling breeding of the wild buckwheat rhizome cuttage stalks. Specifically, the breeding management of the cutting seedlings after cutting comprises the following steps: after the cuttage is finished, covering a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 70% on the cuttage nursery, and removing the sunshade net after 5 months; keeping the humidity of the cutting garden substrate not less than 65%. After 1 month of cutting, the cutting seedling begins to take root as shown in figure 2; fig. 2 shows a rooting diagram of a cutting seedling after 1 month of cutting according to an embodiment of the present invention.
After 2 months of cuttage, the growth condition of the stem after cuttage is shown in figure 3, and figure 3 shows the growth condition of the cuttage seedlings after 2 months of cuttage according to the embodiment of the invention. The stem nodes of the overground part of the cuttage stem begin to germinate, the leaves begin to grow, and the underground stem nodes begin to expand; after 3 months of cuttage, the growth condition of the stem after cuttage is shown in figure 4, and figure 4 shows the growth condition of the cuttage seedlings after 3 months of cuttage according to the embodiment of the invention; at the moment, 4 kg/mu of balanced foliar fertilizer is sprayed, wherein the balanced foliar fertilizer comprises: 20% of nitrogen, 20% of phosphorus, 20% of potassium and trace elements, and spraying 6 kg/mu of high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer after 4 months of cuttage, wherein the high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer comprises: nitrogen content of 10%, phosphorus content of 30%, potassium content of 20% and trace elements, until the root diameter of the cutting stem reaches the quality standard of wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings after cutting and growing for 6 months, the condition of the root of the cutting stem after cutting and growing for 6 months is shown in figure 5, and figure 5 shows the root and stem growing condition of the cutting seedling after cutting for 6 months according to the embodiment of the invention.
Example 2
A comparative experiment was performed on cutting seedlings obtained by the wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method of example 1 of the present application and direct-seeded seedlings obtained by the sexual propagation wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method:
1. breeding time: 6 and 4 months in 2018.
2. Breeding materials: 1) wild buckwheat seeds; 2) wild buckwheat rhizome.
3. The breeding method comprises the following steps: 1) directly sowing seeds (5 kg/mu); 2) and (3) carrying out cuttage seedling raising according to the method in the embodiment 1.
4. Comparing the quality of the seedlings: and in 2018, 12 and 6 days, digging seedlings for seedling quality detection, wherein the average diameter of rootstocks of 15 seedlings cultured by seed propagation is 19.51mm (shown in table 1), the average diameter of rootstocks of seedlings cultured by cutting propagation is 19.43mm, and the calculation result shows that the root diameter uniformity of the cutting seedlings is better than that of the direct-seeding seedlings.
TABLE 1 root diameter measurement results of direct-seeded and cutting seedlings
(unit: mm)
5. And (3) comparing survival rate of the transplanted seedlings: and 5, 12 and 11 days in 2018, simultaneously transplanting 100 seedlings of each seedling bred by the two materials to a greenhouse, carrying out the same management, and carrying out statistics on the survival rate of the seedlings after 3 months, 2 and 26 days in 2019, wherein the survival rate of the seedlings bred by the seeds is 97 percent, and the survival rate of the seedlings bred by cutting is 96 percent.
6. As shown in fig. 6, fig. 6a shows wild buckwheat rhizome cutting seedlings bred by a cutting breeding method; fig. 6b shows the wild buckwheat rhizome direct-seeding seedlings bred by the seed breeding method, and fig. 6c shows the root tuber seedlings obtained by the root tuber segmentation method, as can be seen from fig. 6, the root tuber growth conditions of the cuttage seedlings are consistent with those of the wild buckwheat rhizome direct-seeding seedlings and the wild buckwheat rhizome root tuber seedlings obtained by the root tuber segmentation, so that the wild buckwheat rhizome can be normally bred by the cuttage breeding method without influencing the normal growth of the wild buckwheat rhizome.
The experiment of this example yields:
the survival rate of the cuttage seedlings bred by the wild buckwheat seedling breeding method is almost the same as that of the direct seeding seedlings of seeds bred by direct seeding, so that the cuttage breeding method can successfully carry out seedling breeding on wild buckwheat, and the survival rate of transplantation of the bred seedlings reaches 96%;
and the root tuber growth conditions of the cuttage seedlings are consistent with those of the direct-seeding seeds and the wild buckwheat rhizome root tuber seedlings obtained by cutting root tubers.
Example 3
A comparative experiment was performed on cutting seedlings bred by the breeding method of wild buckwheat variety seedlings of embodiment 1 of the present application and root tuber seedlings divided by original root tubers:
the cultivation time of the medicinal materials: 2016 (6 months) to 2018 (12 months)
As shown in fig. 7, fig. 7a shows the medicinal material of wild buckwheat rhizome after three years of cutting seedling cultivation; FIG. 7b shows the root of Fagopyrum dibotrys after three years of cultivation; as can be seen from FIG. 7, the root-tuber seedlings cut by the original root tubers after 3 years of cultivation have loose texture, poor quality and diseases and insect pests, while the wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings bred by the breeding method of the present application have compact texture, good quality and no diseases and insect pests.
The experiment of this example yields:
the wild buckwheat rhizome seedling bred by the wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method can avoid the problems that the provenance degradation rate of the root tuber divided seedling is high, the disease exposure rate is high, the provenance root tuber breeding coefficient is low, the root tuber seedling dosage is large and the like in the subsequent growth process.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. A wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method is characterized in that: the breeding method is to adopt a cuttage method to breed wild buckwheat rhizome seedlings; the cuttage method for breeding the wild buckwheat seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting wild buckwheat stems to prepare cutting stems;
(2) placing one end of the cuttage stalk in a rooting agent for soaking for a certain time and then taking out;
(3) inserting one end of the cutting stem soaked with the rooting agent into a cutting garden;
(4) after the cuttage is finished, a sun-shading part is arranged above the cuttage garden, and the wild buckwheat seedlings are bred.
2. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the wild buckwheat rhizome stalks are selected as follows: fresh wild buckwheat stems which are grown vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests in two years or more.
3. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 2, wherein: the preparation of the cuttage stalks comprises the following steps:
cutting off the fresh stem of the wild buckwheat from the root end, removing leaves, removing twigs, cutting the remained stem according to the condition that each stem contains 2 stem nodes, and obtaining the cutting material with 2 stem nodes, namely the cutting stem.
4. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the cutting time of the wild buckwheat stems is 6-8 months per year.
5. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the rooting agent is diluted 600 times of rooting mixed liquor, and the rooting mixed liquor comprises the following components:
a rooting agent: naphthalene acetic acid: indole acetic acid: when the roots fall to the ground, the roots are (1: 1: 1: 1).
6. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method of claim 1 or 5, wherein: and one end of the cutting stalk is soaked in the rooting agent mixed solution for 25-35 min.
7. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the cutting garden comprises the following components in percentage by mass: farmyard manure is 3: 1.
8. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method of claim 7, wherein: and before the cutting stalks are inserted into the cutting garden, the humidity of the cutting garden is kept to be greater than or equal to 85%.
9. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 3, wherein: the depth of inserting one end of the cutting stem soaked with the rooting agent into the cutting garden is equal to the depth of just cutting the stem node at the end of the cutting material treatment into the cutting garden.
10. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the sunshade is removed after 5 months of cuttage.
11. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the humidity of a cutting garden is kept to be not lower than 65% in the growing process of the wild buckwheat rhizome cutting stalks.
12. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method according to claim 1, wherein: the breeding method further comprises the following steps: after the cuttage is finished for 3 months, 4 kg/mu of balanced foliar fertilizer is sprayed; the balanced foliar fertilizer comprises: 20% of nitrogen, 20% of phosphorus, 20% of potassium and trace elements.
13. The wild buckwheat rhizome seedling breeding method of claim 1 or 12, wherein: the breeding method further comprises the following steps: after 4 months of cuttage, spraying 6 kg/mu of high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer; the high-phosphorus foliar fertilizer comprises: 10% of nitrogen, 30% of phosphorus, 20% of potassium and trace elements.
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| CN112715185A (en) * | 2021-02-02 | 2021-04-30 | 成都大学 | Buckwheat grafting method |
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