CN110463455B

CN110463455B - Method for hardwood cutting propagation and seedling raising of figs in Luzhong region

Info

Publication number: CN110463455B
Application number: CN201910753948.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王海荣; 李国田; 张坤鹏; 安淼; 陆尚庆
Original assignee: Shandong Institute of Pomology
Current assignee: Shandong Institute of Pomology
Priority date: 2019-08-15
Filing date: 2019-08-15
Publication date: 2022-02-18
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-15
Also published as: CN110463455A

Abstract

The invention discloses a fig hardwood cutting propagation seedling raising method in Luzhong areas, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting 1-2-year-old branches with moderate growth from fig branches stored in sand in the last year in late 3 months, obtaining stem sections containing 2-3 full leaf buds, and performing flat shearing on the upper ends and oblique shearing on the lower ends of the stem sections to obtain cuttings with the length of 15-20 cm; (2) soaking the cuttings obtained in the step (1) in 700ppm rooting powder solution for 20-30s, taking out, obliquely inserting the cuttings into a seedling bed to an insertion depth of 4-5cm, watering until the water content of a seedling substrate in the seedling bed is more than 90% after cutting is finished, and covering soil at a cutting position; (3) and (5) performing water management and soil fertilizer management after cuttage is finished. The method can realize rapid propagation of fig seedlings, and breaks through the limit of green branch cuttage on the maturity of cuttings and the limit on propagation seasons.

Description

Method for hardwood cutting propagation and seedling raising of figs in Luzhong region

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for hardwood cutting propagation and seedling raising of figs in Luzhong areas.

Background

Ficus carica L is a perennial fruit tree of Ficus genus in Moraceae, is native to Mediterranean China, is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world, has a long cultivation history in Xinjiang, Shandong and other places in China, and is a characteristic representative of berries in China. The fig is rich in various nutrient substances such as amino acid, vitamin, polysaccharide and the like, has edible, medicinal and ornamental values and has wide development and utilization prospects. As a traditional fruit tree seedling breeding method, cutting propagation is an important way for fig seedling breeding, and particularly, related matched technical measures are continuously improved along with the wide application of a plant growth regulator, so that the method is widely applied to fig seedling breeding and cultivation.

The fig cutting propagation is divided into hardwood cutting and green cutting. Hardwood cuttings are typically cut after autumn defoliation or before early spring sap flow. The cuttings are preferably selected from 1-2 year-old branches which are strong in growth, full in tissue and plump in leaf bud.

The green branch cuttage is also applied to production, generally carried out in summer, semi-lignified branches are selected as cuttings, young fruits are arranged at the petiole implantation position of each leaf of the branches in a general semi-lignified state, the young fruit age at the base of the green branches reaches more than forty-five mature fruits, therefore, the green branch cuttage also affects the summer fruit yield, and the cuttings have fewer stored nutritional ingredients and lower survival rate than hard branches. It is not recommended.

The survival rate of fig cutting seedlings is closely related to the cutting technology, but the existing cutting technology can not meet the requirement of large-scale production of seedlings, so that the exploration of a high-quality and high-efficiency cutting seedling raising technology becomes a great subject to be urgently overcome in the current fig industry, and a solid technical guarantee is provided for breeding of fine fig varieties.

The Luzhong area is located in the middle of Shandong province, mainly comprises cities such as Jinan, Taian and Zibo, belongs to warm-zone monsoon climate, is cold and dry in winter, is different from Jiaodong areas such as Weihai and tobacco terrace, belongs to marine climate, has weak overwintering capability in the Luzhong area of a fig orchard, needs cold resistance measures in winter, particularly needs cold resistance protection on overground parts, generally needs trimming trunk with a height of 20cm, is coated with an antifreezing agent, and is bound with straw curtains or ground cloth. The trimmed fig branches are generally discarded or subjected to Sanskrit treatment, which not only causes waste of fruit tree branch resources, but also pollutes the environment.

For the cutting propagation of fig, the cutting seedling raising method is different in different areas due to the difference of climatic conditions, and at present, the hardwood cutting propagation seedling raising method for fig under the climatic environment condition in the Luzhong area is rarely reported.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide a simple and efficient method for cutting, propagating and raising the seedlings of figs by using hard branches aiming at the climatic characteristics of Luzhong regions. The method can realize rapid propagation of fig seedlings, and breaks through the limit of green branch cuttage on the maturity of cuttings and the limit on propagation seasons.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a fig hardwood cutting propagation seedling raising method in Luzhong areas comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting 1-2-year-old branches with moderate growth from fig branches stored in sand in the last year in late 3 months, obtaining stem sections containing 2-3 full leaf buds, and performing flat shearing on the upper ends and oblique shearing on the lower ends of the stem sections to obtain cuttings with the length of 15-20 cm;

(2) soaking the cuttings obtained in the step (1) in 700ppm rooting powder solution for 20-30s, taking out, obliquely inserting the cuttings into a seedling bed to an insertion depth of 4-5cm, watering until the water content of a seedling substrate in the seedling bed is more than 90% after cutting is finished, and covering soil at a cutting position;

(3) and (5) performing water management and soil fertilizer management after cuttage is finished.

Further, the method further comprises: and (3) preparing a seedbed, namely, carrying out rotary tillage on the seedbed before the cuttage work is started to ensure that the seedbed is soft and breathable, then spraying an environment-friendly herbicide, and covering a black mulching film when the soil on the uppermost layer is not moist any more.

Further, the method further comprises: and transplanting, wherein the transplanting time is 3-4 months in the second year.

Preferably, in the step (1), the fig branches stored in sand in the previous year are branches trimmed before the fig winters live.

Preferably, in the step (1), the upper part of the upper bud of the stem section is cut into a flat opening, the cut opening is 1-2cm away from the upper bud, and the lower end is 3-5cm away from the bud and is cut into an oblique opening.

More preferably, the bevel is at an angle of 45 °.

Preferably, in the step (2), the rooting powder solution is prepared by dissolving ABT in purified water.

Preferably, in the step (2), the cuttings are inserted into the seedbed with an inclination of 45 °.

Preferably, in the step (2), the seedling culture substrate is prepared from grass carbon, decomposed sheep manure, vermiculite, perlite, coconut coir and fig branch powder according to the weight ratio of 5:4:2:1:1: 1;

the fig branch powder is prepared by crushing branches trimmed before fig wintering.

Preferably, in the step (2), the thickness of the covering soil covers the top end of the cutting by 2 cm.

Preferably, in the step (3), the water management includes: after the cuttage is finished, checking the field condition every 3-5 days, and supplementing water in time under the condition of no rainfall; if the rainfall occurs and the water is accumulated, the waterlogging is drained in time.

Preferably, in the step (3), the soil and fertilizer management comprises: after the cuttage is finished for 1 month, removing the black mulching film, and thoroughly cleaning weeds in the field; after the cuttage is finished for 45 days, spraying a foliar fertilizer, and spraying for 1 time every 10 days for 4 times continuously; and (5) after the cuttage is finished for 3 months, applying fertilizer to roots.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the fig hardwood cutting propagation seedling raising method is carried out in a field without a greenhouse or a greenhouse, so that the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests in a microclimate environment is effectively reduced; meanwhile, the manpower, material resources and financial resources consumed for building the greenhouse are avoided.

(2) The method has the advantages that the seedbed is pretreated before cuttage, the ground is subjected to rotary tillage, the softness is kept, and the cuttage is convenient; the environment-friendly herbicide is sprayed on the ground after rotary tillage, has strong capability of removing perennial malignant weeds, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, easy degradation and the like, and water is used as a base agent, so that the use is safe and convenient; the black mulching film is covered and matched with the environment-friendly herbicide for use, so that weed breeding can be prevented in a short period, the weeds are prevented from fighting for nutrients of the cutting seedlings, and the purpose of preventing water evaporation is achieved.

(3) The rooting powder solution is prepared from purified water, can reduce the root rotting rate of the cutting seedlings, and effectively inhibits the occurrence of diseases of the cutting seedlings.

(4) The cutting seedling of the invention has long growth period, strong seedling, developed root system, strong cold resistance and high survival rate in the next spring planting, and the survival rate of the cutting seedling of the invention can reach more than 95%.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

As described in the background section, fig cutting propagation methods in different regions are different due to differences in climatic conditions, and hard-shoot cutting propagation methods for fig in the same climatic environment in the luzhong region are rarely reported at present.

Based on the method, the fig hardwood cutting seedling raising method in the Luzhong area is deeply researched. The branches after pruning are subjected to sand storage for cuttage for use in the next year, so that the branch resources are not wasted, and the trees and the branches can be protected from safe overwintering. Compared with cutting in early spring, the method can effectively avoid the influence of spring cutting on the yield of the fig fruits.

In one embodiment of the invention, the seedling raising method for fig hardwood cutting in Luzhong region comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a seedbed: before the cutting work begins, the seedbed is subjected to rotary tillage to be soft and breathable; 200g/L glufosinate-ammonium aqua (company of Susan Hongkong, Living crop science and technology limited) is sprayed on the ground, the using amount is 200 ml/mu, and when the uppermost layer of soil is not wet, a black mulching film is covered to prevent weeds from breeding in the later period, compete for nutrients, and simultaneously achieve the purpose of preventing water from evaporating.

(2) Obtaining vegetative propagation materials: selecting the fig branches stored in sand in the last year, preferably selecting the branches which grow for 1-2 years and grow moderately, and obtaining stem segments containing 2-3 full leaf buds, wherein the length is 15-20 cm. The pruning method comprises the following steps: cutting the upper part of the upper end bud of the branch into a flat opening, wherein the distance between the cut opening and the bud is 1-2 cm; the lower end is 3-5cm away from the bud, and is cut into an angle of 45 degrees with an oblique opening.

(3) Cutting treatment: soaking the stem sections with the length of 15-20cm and 2-3 leaf buds obtained in the step (2) in 700ppm rooting powder (ABT) solution for 20-30s, taking out, inserting the stem sections into a seedbed, digging small holes on a mulching film before inserting, wherein the inserting depth is 4-5cm, the plant row spacing is 20cm multiplied by 25cm, inserting the cutting slips into soil at an angle of 45 degrees (horizontal direction) during cutting, exposing the upper buds to the ground in the sun direction, watering until the water content of a seedling raising matrix is more than 90 percent after cutting, and finally covering thin soil on the cutting position to cover 2cm of soil at the top end of the branch, so as to prevent wind and preserve moisture.

(4) Field management:

water management: and (3) after the cuttage is finished, checking the field condition every 3-5 days, and timely replenishing water if no rainfall exists, or draining the waterlogging if the rainfall exists and accumulated water is caused.

Soil management: after the cuttage is finished for 1 month, the black mulching film is taken off, and the weeds are manually cleaned by hands, so that the cuttage seedlings are prevented from being punctured by the hoe, and the weeds in the field are thoroughly cleaned.

Fertilizer management: after 45 days of cuttage, spraying foliar fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements) and urea (the mass fraction is 0.4-0.5%), and spraying every 10 days for 1 time and 4 times continuously. Root application is not recommended to prevent root burning. After 3 months of cuttage, fertilizing the roots.

(5) Transplanting: by the fall leaf period, the trunk length can reach 50-60cm, and the number of main roots can reach more than 20. The optimal time for transplanting is 3-4 months in the second year.

The fig cutting rooting is influenced by various factors, such as tree age, positions and development conditions of branches, a cutting mode, a cutting matrix, temperature and humidity conditions and the like. Aiming at the climatic characteristics of Luzhong areas, in order to improve the hardwood cutting survival rate of figs in the Luzhong areas, the method carries out optimization investigation on seedbed pretreatment, selection and preparation of cutting slips, a cutting method and the like, and effectively improves the survival rate of the hardwood cutting seedlings of figs in the Luzhong areas through the synergistic promotion effect of all the cutting steps.

In one embodiment of the invention, a screening process of the composition of the seedling substrate for fig hardwood cutting is given, which comprises the following steps:

different from the existing fig seedling culture medium, the fig branch powder is added into the seedling culture medium, the branches trimmed before the fig overwintering are ground into powder by a grinder, and the fertilizer effect can be fully exerted and the effect of an organic medium can be well exerted.

In order to further optimize the composition of the seedling substrate, the invention designs the following three treatments:

treatment 1: the seedling culture substrate is prepared from grass peat, decomposed sheep manure, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk and fig branch powder according to the weight ratio of 5:2:2:1:1: 1.

And (3) treatment 2: the seedling culture substrate is prepared from grass peat, decomposed sheep manure, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk and fig branch powder according to the weight ratio of 5:3:2:1:1: 1.

And (3) treatment: the seedling culture substrate is prepared from grass peat, decomposed sheep manure, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk and fig branch powder according to the weight ratio of 5:4:2:1:1: 1.

The three processed seedling culture matrixes are used for carrying out hard branch cutting seedling culture on four fig varieties of green tangerine peels, Boji red, Brorelix and purple fruits, the rooting number is counted after 2 months, and the results are as follows:

table 1: 4 varieties of root number comparison (unit: one)

	Green tangerine peel	Bobeihong (Bobeihong)	Brorelix	Japanese purple fruit
					Process 1	40.58	49.63	35.82	51.03
Treatment 2	41.40	50.16	36.23	51.35
					Treatment 3	42.50	51.50	36.50	51.50

The result shows that the seedling raising substrates with different compositions can influence the rooting rate of the hardwood cutting of fig, and the rooting promoting effect of the cutting seedlings is optimal by adopting the seedling raising substrate treated by the method 3.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the distance between the cut and the bud and the hormone concentration for treating the cutting were examined in the cutting treatment of the cutting. The invention adopts four-factor three-level orthogonal test design, and the factor level table is as follows:

table 2: factor level meter

The orthogonal design table is as follows:

table 3: orthogonal design table

Combination/factor	1	2	3	4
					1	1	1	1	1
2	1	2	2	2
					3	1	3	3	3
4	2	1	2	3
					5	2	2	3	1
6	2	3	1	2
					7	3	1	3	2
8	3	2	1	3
					9	3	3	2	1

Hard branch cutting seedling raising is carried out on four fig varieties of green tangerine peels, boji red, Brorelix and purple fruits, the survival rate under 9 treatments is counted after 4 months, and the results are as follows:

table 4: survival (%), after 4 months of cutting, of 4 varieties under 9 treatments (%)

Variety of processed	Green tangerine peel	Bobeihong (Bobeihong)	Brorelix	Japanese purple fruit
					1	88.66	89.02	88.05	86.50
2	97.45	96.55	95.52	96.00
					3	91.10	90.68	90.23	89.21
4	97.50	96.44	95.02	95.82
					5	91.40	92.06	89.52	87.99
6	90.84	90.29	86.31	85.04
					7	90.16	89.68	87.61	84.26
8	92.74	91.42	88.30	86.35
					9	89.96	88.69	85.23	86.66

In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

The test materials used in the examples of the present invention, which were not specifically described, were all those conventional in the art and commercially available.

Example 1:

four fig varieties of green tangerine peel, boji red, Brolangrake and purple fruit are used as test materials, and a cutting seedling test is carried out in Taian area. The method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparing a seedbed: before the cutting work begins, the seedbed is subjected to rotary tillage to be soft and breathable; spraying an environment-friendly herbicide (200g/L glufosinate-ammonium aqua) to the ground, wherein the dosage is 200 ml/mu; when the uppermost layer of soil is not wet, a black mulching film is covered to prevent the growth of later weeds, compete for nutrients and simultaneously achieve the purpose of preventing water evaporation.

(2) Obtaining vegetative propagation materials: selecting the fig branches stored in sand in the last year, preferably selecting branches with 2 years of growth and moderate growth, and obtaining stem segments with 2-3 full leaf buds, wherein the length is 15-20 cm. The pruning method comprises the following steps: cutting the upper part of the upper end bud of the branch into a flat opening, wherein the cut opening is 1 cm away from the bud; the lower end is 5cm away from the bud, and the bud is cut into an angle of 45 degrees at the bevel opening.

(3) Cutting treatment: cutting for 3 months, 25-30, soaking stem segments with the length of 15-20cm and 2-3 leaf buds obtained in the step (2) in 700ppm rooting powder (ABT) solution for 20s, taking out, inserting the stem segments into seedling culture medium (the seedling culture medium is prepared from grass carbon, decomposed sheep manure, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk and fig branch powder in a weight ratio of 5:4:2:1:1: 1), digging small holes on a mulching film before cutting, inserting the small holes at the depth of 4-5cm, and planting row spacing of 20cm multiplied by 25cm, inserting the cutting strips into soil at an angle of 45 degrees during cutting, exposing the upper buds to the ground in the sun direction, watering until the water content of the seedling culture medium is more than 90%, finally covering thin soil on the cutting position, covering the soil 2cm above the top end, and keeping moisture of the branches properly for preventing wind.

(4) Field management:

water management: and after the cuttage is finished, checking the field condition every 3 days, if no rainfall exists, replenishing water in time, and if rainfall exists and accumulated water is caused, draining the waterlogging in time.

Soil management: and after the cuttage is finished for 1 month, taking off the black mulching film, and thoroughly cleaning weeds in the field.

The growth conditions of fig cutting seedlings of different varieties after 2 months are shown in table 5.

Table 5:

variety/growth index	Green tangerine peel	Bobeihong (Bobeihong)	Brorelix	Japanese purple fruit
					Longest root length (cm)	11.15	7.64	11.14	12.81
Root number (number)	42.50	51.50	36.50	51.5
					Number of leaves (number)	12.00	9.00	6.00	15.50
Rooting percentage (%)	98.60	96.55	95.52	96.10

The survival rate comparison condition of the cutting seedlings after 4 months of cutting is shown in table 6.

Table 6:

variety of (IV) C	Green tangerine peel	Bobeihong (Bobeihong)	Brorelix	Japanese purple fruit
					Survival rate (%)	97.45	96.55	95.52	96.00

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for hardwood cutting propagation seedling raising of figs in the Luzhong region is characterized in that a green tangerine peel fig variety is used as a test material, a cutting seedling raising test is carried out in the Taian region, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparing a seedbed: before the cutting work begins, the seedbed is subjected to rotary tillage to be soft and breathable; spraying 200g/L glufosinate-ammonium aqua to the ground, wherein the using amount is 200 ml/mu; when the uppermost layer of soil is not wet any more, a black mulching film is covered to prevent the growth of later weeds, compete for nutrients and simultaneously achieve the purpose of preventing water evaporation;

(2) obtaining vegetative propagation materials: selecting fig branches stored in sand in the last year, selecting branches growing for 2 years and growing for moderate vigor, and obtaining stem segments containing 2-3 full leaf buds, wherein the length of the stem segments is 15-20 cm; the pruning method comprises the following steps: cutting the upper part of the upper end bud of the branch into a flat opening, wherein the cut opening is 1 cm away from the bud; the lower end is 5cm away from the bud, and is cut into an angle of 45 degrees at the bevel;

(3) cutting treatment: cutting for 3 months, 25-30, soaking stem sections which are 15-20cm long and 2-3 leaf buds obtained in the step (2) in 700ppm rooting powder solution for 20s, taking out, dissolving the rooting powder solution in purified water by ABT (ABT), inserting the stem sections into seedling culture medium in a seedbed, wherein the seedling culture medium is prepared by grass peat, decomposed sheep manure, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk and fig branch powder according to the weight ratio of 5:4:2:1:1:1, digging small holes on a mulching film before cutting, the insertion depth is 4-5cm, the plant row spacing is 20cm multiplied by 25cm, inserting cutting strips into soil at an angle of 45 degrees during cutting, exposing upper buds to the ground in the sun direction, watering until the water content of the seedling culture medium is more than 90%, finally covering thin soil on a cutting position, and covering 2cm soil on the top ends;

(4) field management:

water management: after the cuttage is finished, checking the field condition every 3 days, and timely replenishing water under the condition of no rainfall, and draining the waterlogging if the rainfall and the accumulated water are generated;

soil management: after the cuttage is finished for 1 month, taking off the black mulching film, and thoroughly cleaning weeds in the field;

fertilizer management: after 45 days of cuttage, spraying a foliar fertilizer and urea with the mass fraction of 0.4-0.5%, and spraying for 1 time every 10 days for 4 times continuously; after the cuttage is finished for 3 months, applying fertilizer to roots;

(5) transplanting: in the autumn leaf fall period, the trunk length can reach 50-60cm, and the number of main roots can reach more than 20; the optimal time for transplanting is 3-4 months in the second year;

the rooting rate of fig cutting seedlings after 2 months is 98.60%, and the survival rate of the cutting seedlings after 4 months of cutting is 97.45%.