CN107409925A - A kind of method of the asexual fast breeding of Moringa - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for rapid asexual propagation of Moringa oleifera, which includes selection and treatment of mother plants, cultivation of cuttings, collection and treatment of cuttings, preparation of sand beds, cutting and management after cutting and management after rooting. By selecting 1 The ~2-year-old Moringa oleifera plant is used as the mother plant, and the mother plant is cut off to promote germination to cultivate the scion, and then the scion is collected and processed, then cut in the sand bed, and then transplanted into the nutrition cup after rooting, and a large amount of corn is obtained through management and protection. High-quality Moringa seedlings. The present invention cuts off the mother plant of Moringa oleifera first to promote germination, so that the mother plant can germinate more new shoots, and then uses the spikes to insert in the sand first, and then move the cup after the root emerges, so that a large number of high-quality strong seedlings can be cultivated in a short period of time, and can maintain The method has excellent properties of the parent, and the method is simple and easy to operate, high in efficiency and low in price, convenient to operate, suitable for popularization, can be directly applied to actual production, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

A kind of method for asexual rapid propagation of Moringa oleifera

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant asexual rapid propagation, and relates to a method for asexual rapid propagation of Moringa oleifera.

Background technique

Moringa Oleifera Lam is a tropical deciduous tree of the Moringa family Moringa genus. It is the best plant protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, folic acid, pantothenic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, potassium, etc. A source of various nutrients, known as a "super nutrient bank". At present, India is the largest producer of Moringa in the world, with a cultivation area of 38,000hm ² . The income from local Moringa plantation can reach 1,500 US dollars per hectare per year, and it is a crop with good economic benefits. my country introduced Moringa oleifera in the 1960s, and botanical gardens in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces carried out introduction experiments. In recent years, moringa planting has developed rapidly across the country. The national moringa planting area is about 40,000 mu, mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan and other places. The moringa industry has become an emerging industry in my country. .

At present, the seedlings of Moringa oleifera are mainly propagated by seeds, and it is inevitable that there will be obvious phenomenon of progeny differentiation, and according to investigations, it is found that the incidence of root rot in sexually propagated seedlings is higher than that of asexually propagated seedlings, which is not conducive to Large-scale production of Moringa oleifera seedlings.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method of asexual and rapid breeding of Moringa oleifera oleifera which is obtained by truncating the mother plant of Moringa oleifera and promoting germination, and then using the cuttings to insert in the sand first, and then move the cup after rooting. method, a large number of high-quality strong seedlings can be cultivated in a short period of time, and the method is simple and easy to implement, high in efficiency and low in price, and can be directly applied to actual large-scale production

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:

A method for rapid asexual propagation of Moringa oleifera, which is characterized in that it includes the selection and treatment of mother plants, cultivation of cuttings, collection and processing of cuttings, sand bed preparation, cutting and management after cutting and management after rooting, by selecting 1 The ~2-year-old Moringa oleifera plant is used as the mother plant, and the mother plant is cut off to promote germination to cultivate the scion, and then the scion is collected and processed, then cut in the sand bed, and then transplanted into the nutrition cup after rooting, and a large amount of corn is obtained through management and protection. High-quality Moringa seedlings, the main operation steps are as follows:

(1) Selection and treatment of the mother plant: choose a 1-2-year-old Moringa oleifera plant that grows robustly, has no pests and diseases, and has a main stem diameter ≥ 3.0cm as the mother plant, and then cut the main plant of the mother plant with a saw at a distance of 80-100cm from the ground. Cut off and remove all thin and weak branches, keep the saw edge smooth and inclined at a 45° angle, then smear the saw edge with Vaseline, and wrap the saw edge with a layer of plastic wrap to prevent water loss;

(2) Spike cultivation: After the mother plant is cut off, spray plant growth hormone on the main stem of the mother plant in the afternoon on a sunny day, and topdress the mother plant with conventional compound fertilizer once by using the method of hole application, and the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is 300-400g; Afterwards, cover the soil in time, and water at the right time depending on the evaporation of soil moisture; when the sprouts grow to 8-10cm, spray the Yuhualing No. 2 solution on the leaves once to promote the maturity of young shoots;

(3) Collection and processing of cuttings: when the budding cuttings are semi-lignified, cut off the mother plant from the base of the budding cuttings to obtain cuttings, and then soak the base of the cuttings in 0.5% carbendazim solution for 10-15 minutes , then rinse with clean water and dry, then insert the lower end of the cuttings 2 to 3 cm into the hormone aqueous solution and soak for 30 minutes;

(4) Sand bed preparation: push the sand bed flat 1 day before cutting, and sprinkle water to completely wet the sand on the sand bed, then spray potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 3% to disinfect the sand bed, and set aside;

(5) Cutting and post-cutting management: insert the cuttings treated in step (3) into the prepared sand bed and fully drench with water; Plastic film, according to the temperature and light intensity, cover with a shading net with a light transmittance of 50% to 70%, pour water once in the morning and evening on sunny days to keep the sand moist, and use 0.1% carbendazim solution every 7 days Spray cutting blades with a mixed solution of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration;

(6) Management after rooting:

① Cup transfer: The cuttings can take root after 30-40 days of cutting. After 10 days after rooting, the cuttings are transplanted into a non-woven nutrition cup with a size of 12cm×14cm and equipped with a transplanting substrate. Root water, covered with shade nets, to prevent exposure to the sun;

②Water and fertilizer management: After transplanting the seedlings, check the water evaporation of the nutrition cup matrix, pour water in time and evenly to keep the matrix moist, remove the shading net after 15 days of seedling transplanting, and apply 0.5% conventional compound fertilizer water every 15 days until Out of the garden.

The plant auxin described in the above step (2) is 100-200ppm cytokinin; the method of hole application is to dig a 30cm wide and 40cm deep fertilization hole at a distance of 20-30cm from the plant, and then apply conventional compound fertilizer Fill in the hole and cover with soil in time.

The usage of the Yuhualing No. 2 solution described in the above step (2) is 80ml/bottle of Yuhualing No. 2 mixed with 30 catties of water and then sprayed.

The hormone aqueous solution described in the above step (3) is a mixed solution of 800mg/L indole-3-butyric acid and 200mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid.

When cutting, the row spacing of the cuttings inserted into the sand bed is 10cm×10cm.

The transplanting substrate described in the above step (6) is firstly mixed with yellow heart soil, peat soil, coconut bran, crushed corn stalks, and fermented pine bark in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:0.5, and then in each Add 1.5kg of slow and controlled release fertilizer to the cubic meter mixture, and stir to prepare the transplanting substrate.

N:P:K:Mg=5:30:6:1 in the slow and controlled release fertilizer mentioned above.

Compared with prior art, the advantages and beneficial effects that the present invention has are as follows:

1, the method for asexual rapid propagation of Moringa oleifera of the present invention, only need can induce bud growth with the cytokinin of suitable concentration, can impel mother plant to germinate more new buds, has improved reproduction coefficient, thereby provides a large amount of high-quality spikes.

2, the method for asexual rapid breeding of Moringa oleifera of the present invention, utilizes mixed hormone solution to process the cuttage rooting effect of cutting bar to be better than the effect of single hormone solution treatment, has avoided single hormone solution treatment and easily causes though root system is stout but lacks flexibility, or For problems such as thin and soft roots, this method uses indole-3-butyric acid and naphthalene acetic acid hormones after a scientific ratio, which is more suitable for rooting in sand beds, with good rooting effect and large number of roots.

3. According to the method for asexual rapid breeding of Moringa oleifera of the present invention, the spikes are first planted in a sand bed to cultivate a strong root system, and then the cup is moved, which effectively reduces the incidence of root rot in the seedling stage, and the quality of the seedlings is good, and the survival rate reaches more than 90%. .

4. The present invention proves through experiments that by first cutting off the mother plant of Moringa oleifera to promote germination, the mother plant can germinate more new shoots, and then use the spikes to insert in the sand first, and then move the cup after rooting, so that a large number of shoots can be cultivated in a short period of time. The high-quality strong seedlings can maintain the excellent traits of the parents, and the method is simple and easy, high in efficiency and low in price, convenient to operate, suitable for popularization, can be directly applied to actual production, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples.

Example 1:

Select the Moringa oleifera plant that grows vigorously, has no damage by diseases and insect pests and has a main stem diameter ≥ 3.0cm as the mother plant, and then cuts off the main trunk of the mother plant with a saw at 80-100 cm from the ground and removes all thin and weak branches. The saw edge is smooth and inclined at a 45° angle, and then the saw edge is coated with Vaseline, and a layer of plastic wrap is added to wrap the saw edge to prevent water loss.

After the mother plant is cut off, in the sunny afternoon, the cytokinin of 100ppm is sprayed to the main body of the mother plant, and a conventional compound fertilizer is topdressed to the mother plant by the hole application method, and the fertilization amount of each plant is 300g; Dig a fertilization hole with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 40 cm at a distance of 20 to 30 cm from the plant, and then fill the hole with conventional compound fertilizer and cover it with soil in time. Cover the soil in time after fertilization, and water in time according to the evaporation of soil moisture; when the sprouts grow to 8-10cm, use 80ml/bottle of Yuhualing No. 2 and mix 30 catties of water to get Yuhualing No. Spray Yuhualing No. 2 solution once to promote the maturity of shoots.

When the sprouting strips are semi-lignified, cut the base of the sprouting strips from the mother plant to obtain cuttings, then soak the base of the cuttings in 0.5% carbendazim solution for 10 minutes, then rinse with water and dry, then put the cuttings Insert the lower end 2-3cm into the hormone aqueous solution mixed with 800mg/L indole-3-butyric acid and 200mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid and soak for 30min;

1 day before the cutting, the sand bed was flattened, and the sand on the sand bed was completely wetted by sprinkling water, and then the potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 3% was sprayed to disinfect the sand bed, and then set aside; The cuttings are inserted in the prepared sand bed. When cutting, the row spacing of the cuttings inserted into the sand bed is 10cm×10cm, and the water is fully drenched; then insert bamboo strips on both sides of the sand bed to build a simple arch shed, and cover with a transparent plastic film , according to the temperature and light intensity, cover with a shading net with a light transmittance of 50%, pour water once in the morning and evening on sunny days, keep the sand moist, and use 0.1% carbendazim solution and 0.2% carbendazim solution every 7 days The mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on cuttings leaves.

After 30-40 days of cutting, the cuttings can take root, and 10 days after rooting, the cuttings are transplanted into a non-woven nutrition cup with a size of 12cm×14cm and a transplanting substrate. The described transplanting substrate is to firstly mix the yellow heart soil, peat soil, coconut bran, crushed corn stalks, and fermented pine bark in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:0.5, and then add them to the mixture per cubic meter. 1.5kg of slow and controlled release fertilizer was mixed and prepared to form the transplanting substrate, wherein N:P:K:Mg=5:30:6:1 in the slow and controlled release fertilizer. After planting, drench the fixed root water and cover with a shade net to prevent exposure to the sun.

After transplanting the seedlings, depending on the evaporation of the substrate water in the nutrition cup, pour water in time and evenly to keep the substrate moist. After transplanting the seedlings for 15 days, remove the shading net, and pour a 0.5% conventional compound fertilizer solution every 15 days until it emerges from the nursery. After 90 days, the survival rate was fully investigated, and the survival rate reached 95.5%.

Example 2:

Select the Moringa oleifera plant that grows vigorously, has no damage by diseases and insect pests and has a main stem diameter ≥ 3.0cm as the mother plant, and then cuts off the main trunk of the mother plant with a saw at 80-100 cm from the ground and removes all thin and weak branches. The saw edge is smooth and inclined at a 45° angle, and then the saw edge is coated with Vaseline, and a layer of plastic wrap is added to wrap the saw edge to prevent water loss.

After the mother plant is cut off, in the sunny afternoon, the cytokinin of 150ppm is sprayed to the main body of the mother plant, and a conventional compound fertilizer is topdressed to the mother plant by the hole application method, and the fertilization amount of each plant is 350g; Dig a fertilization hole with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 40 cm at a distance of 20 to 30 cm from the plant, and then fill the hole with conventional compound fertilizer and cover it with soil in time. Cover the soil in time after fertilization, and water in time according to the evaporation of soil moisture; when the sprouts grow to 8-10cm, use 80ml/bottle of Yuhualing No. 2 and mix 30 catties of water to get Yuhualing No. Spray Yuhualing No. 2 solution once to promote the maturity of shoots.

When the sprouting bar is semi-lignified, cut off the mother plant from the base of the sprouting bar to obtain cuttings, then soak the base of the cuttings in 0.5% carbendazim solution for 12 minutes, then rinse with water and dry, then put the cuttings Insert the lower end 2-3cm into the hormone aqueous solution mixed with 800mg/L indole-3-butyric acid and 200mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid and soak for 30min;

1 day before the cutting, the sand bed was flattened, and the sand on the sand bed was completely wetted by sprinkling water, and then the potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 3% was sprayed to disinfect the sand bed, and then set aside; The cuttings are inserted in the prepared sand bed. When cutting, the row spacing of the cuttings inserted into the sand bed is 10cm×10cm, and the water is fully drenched; then insert bamboo strips on both sides of the sand bed to build a simple arch shed, and cover with a transparent plastic film , according to the temperature and light intensity, cover with a shading net with a light transmittance of 60%, pour water once in the morning and evening on sunny days, keep the sand moist, and use 0.1% carbendazim solution and 0.2% carbendazim solution every 7 days The mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on cuttings leaves.

After 30-40 days of cutting, the cuttings can take root, and 10 days after rooting, the cuttings are transplanted into a non-woven nutrition cup with a size of 12cm×14cm and a transplanting substrate. The described transplanting substrate is to firstly mix the yellow heart soil, peat soil, coconut bran, crushed corn stalks, and fermented pine bark in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:0.5, and then add them to the mixture per cubic meter. 1.5kg of slow and controlled release fertilizer was mixed and prepared to form the transplanting substrate, wherein N:P:K:Mg=5:30:6:1 in the slow and controlled release fertilizer. After planting, drench the fixed root water and cover with a shade net to prevent exposure to the sun.

After transplanting the seedlings, depending on the evaporation of the substrate water in the nutrition cup, pour water in time and evenly to keep the substrate moist. After transplanting the seedlings for 15 days, remove the shading net, and pour a 0.5% conventional compound fertilizer solution every 15 days until it emerges from the nursery. After 90 days, the overall survival rate was investigated, and the survival rate reached 96.2%.

Example 3:

Select the Moringa oleifera plant that grows vigorously, has no damage by diseases and insect pests and has a main stem diameter ≥ 3.0cm as the mother plant, and then cuts off the main trunk of the mother plant with a saw at 80-100 cm from the ground and removes all thin and weak branches. The saw edge is smooth and inclined at a 45° angle, and then the saw edge is coated with Vaseline, and a layer of plastic wrap is added to wrap the saw edge to prevent water loss.

After the mother plant is cut off, in the sunny afternoon, the cytokinin of 200ppm is sprayed to the main body of the mother plant, and a conventional compound fertilizer is topdressed to the mother plant by the hole application method, and the fertilization amount of each plant is 400g; Dig a fertilization hole with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 40 cm at a distance of 20 to 30 cm from the plant, and then fill the hole with conventional compound fertilizer and cover it with soil in time. Cover the soil in time after fertilization, and water in time according to the evaporation of soil moisture; when the sprouts grow to 8-10cm, use 80ml/bottle of Yuhualing No. 2 and mix 30 catties of water to get Yuhualing No. Spray Yuhualing No. 2 solution once to promote the maturity of shoots.

When the sprouting bar is semi-lignified, cut off the mother plant from the base of the sprouting bar to obtain cuttings, then soak the base of the cuttings in 0.5% carbendazim solution for 15 minutes, then rinse with water and dry, then remove the cuttings Insert the lower end 2-3cm into the hormone aqueous solution mixed with 800mg/L indole-3-butyric acid and 200mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid and soak for 30min;

1 day before the cutting, the sand bed was flattened, and the sand on the sand bed was completely wetted by sprinkling water, and then the potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 3% was sprayed to disinfect the sand bed, and then set aside; The cuttings are inserted in the prepared sand bed. When cutting, the row spacing of the cuttings inserted into the sand bed is 10cm×10cm, and the water is fully drenched; then insert bamboo strips on both sides of the sand bed to build a simple arch shed, and cover with a transparent plastic film , according to the temperature and light intensity, cover with a shading net with a light transmittance of 70%, pour water once in the morning and evening on sunny days, keep the sand moist, and use 0.1% carbendazim solution and 0.2% carbendazim solution every 7 days The mixed solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on cuttings leaves.

After 30-40 days of cutting, the cuttings can take root, and 10 days after rooting, the cuttings are transplanted into a non-woven nutrition cup with a size of 12cm×14cm and a transplanting substrate. The described transplanting substrate is to firstly mix the yellow heart soil, peat soil, coconut bran, crushed corn stalks, and fermented pine bark in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:0.5, and then add them to the mixture per cubic meter. 1.5kg of slow and controlled release fertilizer was mixed and prepared to form the transplanting substrate, wherein N:P:K:Mg=5:30:6:1 in the slow and controlled release fertilizer. After planting, drench the fixed root water and cover with a shade net to prevent exposure to the sun.

After transplanting the seedlings, depending on the evaporation of the substrate water in the nutrition cup, pour water in time and evenly to keep the substrate moist. After transplanting the seedlings for 15 days, remove the shading net, and pour a 0.5% conventional compound fertilizer solution every 15 days until it emerges from the nursery. After 90 days, the survival rate was fully investigated, and the survival rate reached 94.8%.

Claims (7)

1. a method for asexual rapid breeding of Moringa oleifera, is characterized in that: comprise the selection of mother plant and processing, spike cultivation, spike collection and processing, sand bed preparation, cuttage and cuttage back management and rooting back management operation, by Choose a 1-2 year old Moringa plant as the mother plant, cut off the mother plant to promote germination and cultivate the scion, then collect and process the scion, cut it in the sand bed, transplant it into the nutrient cup after rooting, and obtain it through management and protection. A large number of high-quality Moringa seedlings, the main operation steps are as follows: (1) Selection and treatment of the mother plant: choose a 1-2-year-old Moringa oleifera plant that grows robustly, has no pests and diseases, and has a main stem diameter ≥ 3.0cm as the mother plant, and then cut the main plant of the mother plant with a saw at a distance of 80-100cm from the ground. Cut off and remove all thin and weak branches, keep the saw edge smooth and inclined at a 45° angle, then smear the saw edge with Vaseline, and wrap the saw edge with a layer of plastic wrap to prevent water loss; (2) Spike cultivation: After the mother plant is cut off, spray plant growth hormone on the main stem of the mother plant in the afternoon on a sunny day, and topdress the mother plant with conventional compound fertilizer once by using the method of hole application, and the amount of fertilizer applied to each plant is 300-400g; Afterwards, cover the soil in time, and water at the right time depending on the evaporation of soil moisture; when the sprouts grow to 8-10cm, spray the Yuhualing No. 2 solution on the leaves once to promote the maturity of young shoots; (3) Collection and processing of cuttings: when the budding cuttings are semi-lignified, cut off the mother plant from the base of the budding cuttings to obtain cuttings, and then soak the base of the cuttings in 0.5% carbendazim solution for 10-15 minutes , then rinse with clean water and dry, then insert the lower end of the cuttings 2 to 3 cm into the hormone aqueous solution and soak for 30 minutes; (4) Sand bed preparation: push the sand bed flat 1 day before cutting, and sprinkle water to completely wet the sand on the sand bed, then spray potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 3% to disinfect the sand bed, and set aside; (5) Cutting and post-cutting management: insert the cuttings treated in step (3) into the prepared sand bed and fully drench with water; Plastic film, according to the temperature and light intensity, cover with a shading net with a light transmittance of 50% to 70%, pour water once in the morning and evening on sunny days to keep the sand moist, and use 0.1% carbendazim solution every 7 days Spray cutting blades with a mixed solution of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution with a mass concentration; (6) Management after rooting: ① Cup transfer: The cuttings can take root after 30-40 days of cutting. After 10 days after rooting, the cuttings are transplanted into a non-woven nutrition cup with a size of 12cm×14cm and equipped with a transplanting substrate. Root water, covered with shade nets, to prevent exposure to the sun; ②Water and fertilizer management: After transplanting the seedlings, check the water evaporation of the nutrition cup matrix, pour water in time and evenly to keep the matrix moist, remove the shading net after 15 days of seedling transplanting, and apply 0.5% conventional compound fertilizer water every 15 days until Out of the garden. 2. The method for asexual rapid propagation of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the plant growth hormone described in step (2) is a cytokinin of 100-200ppm; Dig a fertilization hole with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 40 cm at a distance of 20 to 30 cm from the plant, and then fill the hole with conventional compound fertilizer and cover it with soil in time. 3. A method for asexual rapid breeding of Moringa oleifera according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: the usage of the Yuhualing No. 2 solution described in step (2) is 80ml/bottle of Yuhualing 2 Spray after adding 30 jin of water. 4. The method for asexual rapid breeding of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hormone aqueous solution described in step (3) is 800mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid and 200mg/L of naphthalene Mixed solution of acetic acid. 5. the method for a kind of asexual rapid propagation of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when cutting, the row spacing of cuttings inserted in the sand bed is 10cm * 10cm. 6. The method for asexual and rapid breeding of Moringa oleifera according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transplanting substrate described in step (6) is first made of yellow heart soil, peat soil, coco peat, crushed corn stalks, fermented pine After the skins are uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1:1:0.5:0.5, 1.5 kg of slow-release fertilizer is added to the mixture per cubic meter, and stirred to form a transplanting substrate. 7. the method for a kind of Moringa asexual rapid propagation according to claim 6 is characterized in that: N:P:K:Mg=5:30:6:1 in the described slow-release fertilizer.