CN105145126A - Wedge-shaped scion grafting propagation method for olea europaea L. - Google Patents
Wedge-shaped scion grafting propagation method for olea europaea L. Download PDFInfo
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- CN105145126A CN105145126A CN201510569058.2A CN201510569058A CN105145126A CN 105145126 A CN105145126 A CN 105145126A CN 201510569058 A CN201510569058 A CN 201510569058A CN 105145126 A CN105145126 A CN 105145126A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wedge-shaped scion grafting propagation method for olea europaea L.. The method includes the steps of stock selection, scion collection, scion treatment, scion storage, grafting and management after grafting. The method includes the specific steps that annual or biennial seedlings or cutting seedlings which are robust in tree body growth, intact in trunk, free of pest and disease damage and high in land adaptability and affinity are selected to be used as the stock; the middle and upper portions of the peripheries of crowns of good-variety adult plants which are high in yield, stable in yield, robust in growth and free of pest and disease damage are collected, lignified and straight-through growth is achieved, and annual or biennial branches with full leaf buds are selected to serve as scions; splitting openings are pried open through a cleft grafting cutter, the scions are slightly inserted into stock slit gaps, and scion forming layers are made to align stock forming layers; the upper ends of the scions are scabbed in crude by 0.2-0.5 cm; connectors are wrapped upwards by plastic thin-film bars from the lower portions of the connectors after the scions are inserted. The survival rate of olea europaea L. seedlings grafted through the method reaches up to 80%, the good properties of seed trees are kept and continued, the stress resistance and adaptability of olea europaea L. nursery-grown plants can be improved obviously, the tree vigor can be recovered, and varieties can be updated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tree propagation technical field, specifically olive wedge shape scion grafting propagation method.
Background technology
Olive (OleaeuropaeaL.) is famous subtropical fruit tree and important World Economics forest, and cultivar has higher edibility, containing enriching kind of high-quality edible plant oil---olive oil.Olive oil is the traditional product having thousands of years history, enjoys the good reputation of " vegetable oil queen ".Over nearly 20 years, the production and marketing of olive product continues two prosperous, this progress having benefited from science and technology deepened people to understanding.In view of this, be located in semi-tropical countries in the world and all show keen interest to introducing a fine variety olive.China's scale is introduced a fine variety olive and is started from 1964, the river valley area, white Dragon River of Longnan of Gansu Province is the best normal region of China, by the end of the year 2014, Gansu Province's olive growing area reaches 43.83 ten thousand mu, wherein bear fruit area 15.5 ten thousand mu, fresh pod yield in 2014 is 1.55 ten thousand t, year produce oil 2325t, fresh pod yield accounts for more than 90% of national output, and olive growing area and output all rank first in the country.In the emphasis village that the key area of Longnan of Gansu Province city Wudu District olive development is the villages (towns)s such as Han Wang, crossdrift, three rivers, area just outside a city gate, olive income has accounted for more than 40% of peasant planting income, and olive becomes " cash cow " revitalizing local economy, help farmer richness to strive for a relatively comfortable life gradually.It is olive " geography symbol product protection zone " that Gansu is ratified by National Quality Supervision Bureau General in Wudu therefore, is approved as in " township of Chinese olive " by the State Administration of Forestry.
But Gansu Olea europaea Industry Development also exists some problems, a wherein important reason ignores seedling quality.Current domestic olive generally adopts cutting propagation technology, limits by technical conditions, and seedling root is more weak, physiologically active is poor.Meanwhile, the domestic improved seeds selected general cutting propagation survival rate is lower at present, and the olive industry of fast development needs more breeding nursery stock.Grafting is as one of the artificial alimentation propagation method of plant, grafting can keep the merit of scion variety, the advantageous feature of stock can be utilized again, reach precocity fruiting, strengthen the ability of cold resistance, drought resistance, disease and insect resistance, can also economic utilization propagating materials, increase nursery stock quantity.
Therefore, Gansu Forestry Science Research Institute has carried out the research of olive scion grafting propagation technique in recent years, through in a few years groping, works out the propagation by grafiting technology of suitable olive, achieves comparatively ripe practical technique achievement.Look into newly according to us to the understanding of domestic olive seedling grafting propagation technique and technology, still there is no the successful production practices of olive wedge shape scion grafting Cultivating techniques and the theoretical report of research up to now.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of olive wedge shape scion grafting propagation method.The method can keep maternal merit, and strengthen resistance, the adaptability of olive nursery stock, the grafting cycle is short, and olive profit is high.
It is as described below that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme taked: a kind of olive wedge shape scion grafting propagation method, is characterized in that: comprise Root-stock selection, scion collection, scion process and storage, grafting, managing after grafting, concrete grammar is:
(1) Root-stock selection
Selection Growth status is healthy and strong, and trunk is intact, and without damage by disease and insect, suitable ground property and the strong 1-2 of affinity give birth to seedling or cuttage seeding as stock;
(2) scion collection
Gathering the elite stand of cuttings should be high yield, stable yields, robust growth, improved seeds adult plants without damage by disease and insect, chooses in tree crown periphery, the lignified branch in top, and growth is enriched, branch leads to directly, and sprout full 1 ~ 2 year raw branch is as scion;
(3) scion process and storage
Fringe bar used during grafting will cut off blade and the tender tip immediately after elite stand is cut, and to protect axillalry bud, reduces moisture evaporation.The petiole stayed and the total length of blade remain on about 1.0cm, cut to 5.0 ~ 6.0cm by the length of scion;
Resting stage scion, because scion is in hibernation, storage time is longer, and want in time with stifled scion wound of sealing with wax during process, a point kind beats wisp, and is placed in order in the carton of air-vent, leaves in 2 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerating boxes and preserves.
Scion in vegetative period, preferably with adopt with.Strange land grafting, during short, scion with after wet cloth and film wrapped, can be stored in the place in cool place or is stored at the refrigerating chamber of temperature 10 ~ 15 DEG C.
(4) grafting
(4.1) anvil is cut
At the position of overhead about 6 ~ 10cm, select that stock skin is thicker, smooth to be blocked stock without scar place, scabble cross section; Split the otch of deep length 2.0 ~ 3.0cm with cleft grafting cutter from the center in its cross section by medulla vertically downward, deeply reach xylem length equal with scion tangent plane or slightly long; Note not overexerting when splitting, the cleft grafting cutter knife back or the pressing knife back will be knocked gently, cutter is blown slowly incision; Not allowing earth or other things drop into stock splits in seam;
(4.2) cut and budder
In scion from cutter under bud 0.5cm place, with grafting knife, scion is whittled into wedge shape, the positive and negative two sides of scion all cut to formation layer, two bevel similar length, cut to lengthen is at about 2.0 ~ 3.0cm; Top is stayed 2 ~ 4 leaves, upper end cuts flat apart from bud 0.5 ~ 1.0cm place; Shear rear maintenance clean;
(4.3) grafting fringe
Pry open with cleft grafting cutter and split mouth, scion is inserted lightly stock and split in seam, make scion formation layer form layer with stock and aim at; The thickness of scion is determined according to the size of stock; As scion, comparatively stock is thin, scion near, ensure that having at least side to form layer aligns; After scion bar insertion stock splits seam, lower end pushes against stock kerf bottom; When stock is thicker, 2 or 4 scion can be inserted simultaneously; During grafting fringe, bevel is not all inserted, the bevel of 0.2 ~ 0.3cm be revealed outside stock; Cuttings upper end shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally (fringe bar two bevel exposed parts of insertion) 0.2 ~ 0.5cm;
(4.4) film wrapping is tied
Scion is plugged rear wide 3.0 ~ 5.0cm plastic film strip and upwards bundlees below interface, by whole scion tighten, in wrapping, the wound of joint portion is paid special attention to block, to prevent water from dividing evaporation and rainwater to enter, top is from scion upper end 2.0 ~ 3.0cm and stay certain space, more from top to bottom round and round by whole for wound Bao Yan, bud and petiole are exposed, shades with newspaper or envelope; Do not touch scion during colligation, can not allow budders is shifted up and down;
(5) managing after grafting
(5.1) biopsy is become
Checks after 15 ~ 20d after connecing and survive, still keep fresh state if budder with petiole, illustrate and survive; Scion blackening, shrinkage, all do not survive;
(5.2) collision is guarded against
For keeping the nursery stock interface consolidation that just connected firm, must guard against collision and causing dislocation or splitting;
(5.3) leak informaton
About 25d after grafting, scion starts germination of sprouting, and observes once during this every 2 ~ 3d, the joint of exhibition leaf is selected the cloudy day or in the afternoon leaked informaton in time, removes newspaper and envelope, plastic film strip is ascending by upper end, slowly tear an osculum, allow tender tip tip stretch out; Make sure to keep in mind once to open, more can not too early film be removed easily;
(5.4) benefit connects
Will mending in time of not surviving on inspection connects, and mends the position connect and selects in the below of dead scion, and with dead scion not on same vertical line;
(5.5) except sprouting
Budder after sprouting and erase sprout tillers on stock in time; Generally remove sprout tillers 3 ~ 4 times;
(5.6) binding is separated
After wound heals completely, when scion grows to 25cm, after plastic film is removed, lighten restrictions on;
(5.7) vertical pillar
After grafting survival, due to stock well developed root system, the new of scion slightly grows very soon, and branches and leaves are intensive, but anvil fringe junction is firm not, subjects to windbreak.In order to prevent windburn, when newly slightly growing into 20 ~ 30cm, in conjunction with loose plastics bandage, stock is tied up 1 ~ 2 pillar.
Grafting time: spring, resin started flowing, bark when easily peeling off, mid-April ~ mid-May Relationship between Graft Effect best.
The present invention and olive wedge shape scion grafting propagation method, important in inhibiting for the breeding of olive, the olive shoot survival percent of grafting of the present invention is up to more than 80%, this Technology application is in production, following beneficial effect can be brought: the merit of elite stand obtains and keeps and continuity, resistance and the adaptability of olive nursery stock can be significantly improved, tree vigo(u)r, more new varieties can be recovered; From management angle, in the cycle that grafting is shortened, reduce the cost of nursery stock, improve olive profit and economic worth.Through the olive tree of wedge shape whip grafting improvement, have that tree vigo(u)r recovers fast, tree crown is shaped early, utilize the advantages such as space is large, the result cycle is short and stable, and have an economic benefit and be doubled and redoubled and lowly drop into long feature of being benefited.
Embodiment
embodiment 1,the present embodiment is the embodiment of olive wedge shape stem grafting method in spring
Grafting time: 15 days ~ April 18 April in 2014
Grafting step:
1. scion collection: gathering the elite stand of cuttings should be high yield, stable yields, robust growth, improved seeds adult plants without damage by disease and insect, choose in tree crown periphery, the lignified branch in top, growth is enriched, branch is logical straight, and sprout full 1 ~ 2 year raw branch is as scion.
2. scion process: fringe bar in vegetative period used during grafting, with adopt with, blade and the tender tip to be cut off immediately after elite stand is cut, to protect axillalry bud, reduce moisture evaporation.The petiole stayed and the total length of blade remain on about 1.0cm, cut the length of scion to 5.0 ~ 6.0cm.
3. Root-stock selection, cut anvil: select Growth status healthy and strong, trunk is intact, and without damage by disease and insect, suitable ground property and the strong 1-2 life seedling of affinity or cuttage seeding are as stock; At the position of overhead about 6 ~ 10cm, select that stock skin is thicker, smooth to be blocked stock without scar place, scabble cross section; Split the otch of deep length 2.0 ~ 3.0cm with cleft grafting cutter from the center in its cross section by medulla vertically downward, deeply reach xylem length equal with scion tangent plane or slightly long; Note not overexerting when splitting, the cleft grafting cutter knife back or the pressing knife back will be knocked gently, cutter is blown slowly incision; Do not allow earth or other things drop into stock split in seam.
4. cut and budder: first in scion from cutter under bud 0.5cm place, with grafting knife, scion is whittled into wedge shape, the positive and negative two sides of scion is all cut to formation layer, two bevel similar length, and cut to lengthen is at about 2.0 ~ 3.0cm; Top is stayed 2 ~ 4 leaves, upper end cuts flat apart from bud 0.5 ~ 1.0cm place; Shear rear maintenance clean.
5. grafting fringe: pry open with cleft grafting cutter and split mouth, inserts stock lightly and splits in seam by scion, make scion formation layer form layer with stock and aim at; The thickness of scion is determined according to the size of stock; As scion, comparatively stock is thin, scion near, ensure that having at least side to form layer aligns; After scion bar insertion stock splits seam, lower end pushes against stock kerf bottom; When stock is thicker, 2 or 4 scion can be inserted simultaneously; During grafting fringe, bevel is not all inserted, the bevel of 0.2 ~ 0.3cm be revealed outside stock; Cuttings upper end shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally (fringe bar two bevel exposed parts of insertion) 0.2 ~ 0.5cm.
6. tie film wrapping: scion is plugged rear wide 3.0 ~ 5.0cm plastic film strip and upwards bundlees below interface, by whole scion tighten, in wrapping, the wound of joint portion is paid special attention to block, to prevent water from dividing evaporation and rainwater to enter, top is from scion upper end 2.0 ~ 3.0cm and stay certain space, more from top to bottom round and round by whole for wound Bao Yan, bud and petiole are exposed, shades with newspaper or envelope; Do not touch scion during colligation, can not allow budders is shifted up and down.
7. check the situation that survives and guard against collision: checking after 15 ~ 20d after connecing and survive, still keeping fresh state if budder with petiole, illustrate and survive; Scion blackening, shrinkage, all do not survive.For keeping the nursery stock interface consolidation that just connected firm, must guard against collision and causing dislocation or splitting.
8. leak informaton: about 25d after grafting, scion starts germination of sprouting, and observes once during this every 2 ~ 3d, the joint of exhibition leaf is selected the cloudy day or in the afternoon leaked informaton in time, removes newspaper and envelope, plastic film strip is ascending by upper end, slowly tear an osculum, allow tender tip tip stretch out; Make sure to keep in mind once to open, more can not too early film be removed easily.
9. mend connect with except sprouting: will mending in time of not surviving on inspection connects, and mends the position that connects and selects in the below of dead scion, and with dead scion not on same vertical line; After wound heals completely, when scion grows to 25cm, can lighten restrictions on.
10. separate binding: after wound heals completely, when scion grows to 25cm, after plastic film is removed, lighten restrictions on.
11. vertical pillars: after grafting survival, due to stock well developed root system, the new of scion slightly grows very soon, and branches and leaves are intensive, but anvil fringe junction is firm not, subjects to windbreak.In order to prevent windburn, when newly slightly growing into 20 ~ 30cm, in conjunction with loose plastics bandage, stock is tied up 1 ~ 2 pillar.
embodiment 2,the present embodiment is the embodiment of olive wedge shape stem grafting method in spring
Grafting time: 25 days ~ April 30 April in 2014
Grafting step:
1. scion collection: with embodiment 1;
2. scion process: the scion that grafting adopts is strange land improved seeds, will cut off blade and the tender tip fringe bar immediately after elite stand is cut, and to protect axillalry bud, reduces moisture evaporation.The petiole stayed and the total length of blade remain on about 1.0cm, cut to 5.0 ~ 6.0cm by the length of scion; Strange land scion, in short and transportation, after wet cloth and film wrapped, is stored in the place in cool place or is stored at the refrigerating chamber of temperature 10 ~ 15 DEG C.
3. Root-stock selection, cut anvil: with embodiment 1;
4. cut and budder: with embodiment 1;
5. grafting fringe: with embodiment 1;
6. tie film wrapping: with embodiment 1;
7. check the situation that survives and guard against collision: with embodiment 1;
8. leak informaton: with embodiment 1;
9. mend connect with except sprouting: with embodiment 1;
10. separate binding: with embodiment 1;
11. vertical pillars: with embodiment 1.
embodiment 3,the present embodiment is the embodiment of olive wedge shape stem grafting method in spring
Grafting time: 5 days ~ May 10 May in 2014
Grafting step:
1. scion collection: though the elite stand gathering cuttings winter enters resting stage, but also must be high yield, stable yields, robust growth, improved seeds adult plants without damage by disease and insect, choose in tree crown periphery, the lignified branch in top, growth is enriched, branch is logical straight, and sprout full 1 ~ 2 year raw branch is as scion;
2. scion process: fringe bar will be cut off blade and the tender tip immediately after elite stand is cut, to protect axillalry bud, reduces moisture evaporation.The petiole stayed and the total length of blade remain on about 1.0cm, cut to 5.0 ~ 6.0cm by the length of scion; Resting stage scion storage time is longer, and want in time with stifled scion wound of sealing with wax during process, a point kind beats wisp, and is placed in order in the carton of air-vent, leaves in 2 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerating boxes and preserves;
3. Root-stock selection, cut anvil: with embodiment 1;
4. cut and budder: with embodiment 1;
5. grafting fringe: with embodiment 1;
6. tie film wrapping: with embodiment 1;
7. check the situation that survives and guard against collision: with embodiment 1;
8. leak informaton: with embodiment 1;
9. mend connect with except sprouting: with embodiment 1;
10. separate binding: with embodiment 1;
11. vertical pillars: with embodiment 1.
Claims (1)
1. an olive wedge shape scion grafting propagation method, is characterized in that: comprise Root-stock selection, scion collection, scion process and storage, grafting, managing after grafting, concrete grammar is:
(1) Root-stock selection
Selection Growth status is healthy and strong, and trunk is intact, without damage by disease and insect, fits ground property and affinity strong 1 ~ 2 year raw seedling or cuttage seeding as stock;
(2) scion collection
Gathering the elite stand of cuttings should be high yield, stable yields, robust growth, improved seeds adult plants without damage by disease and insect, chooses in tree crown periphery, the lignified branch in top, and growth is enriched, branch leads to directly, and sprout full 1 ~ 2 year raw branch is as scion;
(3) scion process and storage
Fringe bar used during grafting will cut off blade and the tender tip immediately after elite stand is cut, and to protect axillalry bud, reduces moisture evaporation;
The petiole stayed and the total length of blade remain on about 1.0cm, cut to 5.0 ~ 6.0cm by the length of scion;
Resting stage scion, because scion is in hibernation, storage time is longer, and want in time with stifled scion wound of sealing with wax during process, a point kind beats wisp, and is placed in order in the carton of air-vent, leaves in 2 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerating boxes and preserves;
Scion in vegetative period, preferably with adopt with; Strange land grafting, during short, scion with after wet cloth and film wrapped, can be stored in the place in cool place or is stored at the refrigerating chamber of temperature 10 ~ 15 DEG C;
(4) grafting
(4.1) anvil is cut
At the position of overhead about 6 ~ 10cm, select that stock skin is thicker, smooth to be blocked stock without scar place, scabble cross section; Split the otch of deep length 2.0 ~ 3.0cm with cleft grafting cutter from the center in its cross section by medulla vertically downward, deeply reach xylem length equal with scion tangent plane or slightly long; Note not overexerting when splitting, the cleft grafting cutter knife back or the pressing knife back will be knocked gently, cutter is blown slowly incision; Not allowing earth or other things drop into stock splits in seam;
(4.2) cut and budder
In scion from cutter under bud 0.5cm place, with grafting knife, scion is whittled into wedge shape, the positive and negative two sides of scion all cut to formation layer, two bevel similar length, cut to lengthen is at about 2.0 ~ 3.0cm; Top is stayed 2 ~ 4 leaves, upper end cuts flat apart from bud 0.5 ~ 1.0cm place; Shear rear maintenance clean;
(4.3) grafting fringe
Pry open with cleft grafting cutter and split mouth, scion is inserted lightly stock and split in seam, make scion formation layer form layer with stock and aim at; The thickness of scion is determined according to the size of stock; As scion, comparatively stock is thin, scion near, ensure that having at least side to form layer aligns; After scion bar insertion stock splits seam, lower end pushes against stock kerf bottom; When stock is thicker, 2 or 4 scion can be inserted simultaneously; During grafting fringe, bevel is not all inserted, the bevel of 0.2 ~ 0.3cm be revealed outside stock; Cuttings upper end shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally (fringe bar two bevel exposed parts of insertion) 0.2 ~ 0.5cm;
(4.4) film wrapping is tied
Scion is plugged rear wide 3.0 ~ 5.0cm plastic film strip and upwards bundlees below interface, by whole scion tighten, in wrapping, the wound of joint portion is paid special attention to block, to prevent water from dividing evaporation and rainwater to enter, top is from scion upper end 2.0 ~ 3.0cm and stay certain space, more from top to bottom round and round by whole for wound Bao Yan, bud and petiole are exposed, shades with newspaper or envelope; Do not touch scion during colligation, can not allow budders is shifted up and down;
(5) managing after grafting
(5.1) biopsy is become
Checks after 15 ~ 20d after connecing and survive, still keep fresh state if budder with petiole, illustrate and survive; Scion blackening, shrinkage, all do not survive;
(5.2) collision is guarded against
For keeping the nursery stock interface consolidation that just connected firm, must guard against collision and causing dislocation or splitting;
(5.3) leak informaton
About 25d after grafting, scion starts germination of sprouting, and observes once during this every 2 ~ 3d, the joint of exhibition leaf is selected the cloudy day or in the afternoon leaked informaton in time, removes newspaper and envelope, plastic film strip is ascending by upper end, slowly tear an osculum, allow tender tip tip stretch out; Make sure to keep in mind once to open, more can not too early film be removed easily;
(5.4) benefit connects
Will mending in time of not surviving on inspection connects, and mends the position connect and selects in the below of dead scion, and with dead scion not on same vertical line;
(5.5) except sprouting
Budder after sprouting and erase sprout tillers on stock in time; Generally remove sprout tillers 3 ~ 4 times;
(5.6) binding is separated
After wound heals completely, when scion grows to 25cm, after plastic film is removed, lighten restrictions on;
(5.7) vertical pillar
After grafting survival, when newly slightly growing into 20 ~ 30cm, in conjunction with loose plastics bandage, stock is tied up 1 ~ 2 pillar.
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| CN106106010A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 四川聚峰谷农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of Fructus oleae europaeae |
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| CN106576929A (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2017-04-26 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Olive seedling grafting method |
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| CN109197345A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-15 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | A kind of implantation methods improving olive survival rate |
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| CN111357553A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-03 | 陇南市吉祥树油橄榄有限责任公司 | High-survival-rate olive grafting propagation method |
| CN111670704A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-09-18 | 甘肃省林业科学研究院 | Method for improving wedge grafting survival rate of olive |
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| CN115119677A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-30 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Method for rejuvenating premature senility olive tree |
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