CN109197345A - A kind of implantation methods improving olive survival rate - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods improving olive survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197345A CN109197345A CN201811244339.0A CN201811244339A CN109197345A CN 109197345 A CN109197345 A CN 109197345A CN 201811244339 A CN201811244339 A CN 201811244339A CN 109197345 A CN109197345 A CN 109197345A
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- olive
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods for improving olive survival rate, step includes: to breed seedling, the grafting of seedling and cultivation, excavate field planting hole, soil backfill, transplanting and management etc..Technical solution of the present invention beneficial effect is: 1) selecting the olive seedling of Qie Mulaer (chemlal) kind to do stock, can adapt to the hot humid weather and acid heavy soil of China's southeastern coast very well；2) the olive seedling of selection 3 years or more the age of trees is transplanted, the resistance sapling small much higher than the age of tree, and vitality is stronger；3) crushed stone for backfilling 50% or more addition in soil, increases the gas permeability of soil, keeps soil from packing together, and sufficient oxygen can be also provided for olive root, moreover it is possible to provide required mineral matter element for olive tree growth；4) when being colonized sapling, tree neck is above the ground level 10 cm or more, prevents from leading to butt rot because of surface pond.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods of olive tree, belong to field of planting.
Background technique
Olive (Olea europaeaL.) it is world-renowned high-quality woody oleiferous plants, is main product Mediterranean sea region
Domain, with more than 4000 years cultivation histories.The fresh fruit of olive also can be processed in addition to squeezing famous olive oil as beauty
The salt marsh or compote of taste.Olive introduces existing more than the 50 years history in China, once big in China in the 70's of 20th century
Scale is introduced a fine variety, and in addition to the Wudu of Gansu, most area olives show that tree vigo(u)r is weaker, and fallen leaves are serious, and survival rate is not high.Cause this
The reason of kind phenomenon, is more, such as in terms of pest and disease damage (especially disease), climatic factor, edaphic condition and cultivation management.
In terms of weather, olive source area is Etesian climate, is mainly characterized in that summer hot arid, Winter-Spring are rainy
It is warm.On the contrary, China's southeastern coast principally falls into subtropical monsoon climate, summer high temperature is rainy (the rain heat same period), and winter is mild
It is short of rain.Olive tree is in suspend mode due to arid of source area summer, and in China, due to the rain hot same period, summer branch prosperous growth can not
Fully lignifying influences the second annual bearing.Source area Winter-Spring is rainy, and advantageous spring yields positive results；And Chinese autumn and winter arid, it is right
Yielding positive results for the next spring is very unfavorable.
In soil method, olive source area mostly neutrality to alkaline calcium chesson, and China's southeastern coast is then more
For highly acid clay.Strongly acidic soil is unfavorable for olive root to mineral absorption.Heavy soil is easy hardened, reduction root
Gas permeability, unfavorable root breathing.
The survival rate of olive is introduced a fine variety to improve, many areas use China domestic fruit of Cuspidate Olive as stock, with
Olive is improved there are still the slow scion of the stock speed of growth and stock and to connect to the adaptability of acid soil, but in practice
The defects of fringe affinity is bad.The present invention does stock using Qie Mulaer kind, it originates in African the north, belongs to olive and works as
In largest tree species, be usually implemented as shade tree and firewood forests, it grows rapidly, and degree of lignification is high, resistance and and
The affinity of other kinds is good.
Years 17 ~ 21 DEG C of samming, Fujian Province, the most cold moon are 6 ~ 13 DEG C, 1100 ~ 2000 mm of annual precipitation, year sunshine
When number be 1539 ~ 2225 h.Its ninety percent land area is mountain and hill area.Since mountainous region obstructs, form inside the province a variety of small
Climate zone, wherein alpine belt winter minimum temperature is lower than zero degree, and low temperature needed for can satisfy olive bud differentiation makes oil
Olive, which blooms to bear fruit, to be possibly realized.In addition to annual rainfall is bigger than normal, other climate-indexes can satisfy wanting for olive plantation substantially
It asks.In six or seven ten generation of last century, it is tight that butt rot, insect pest occur during Introduction of Olives Into in Nanping, Fujian and Fuzhou area
Weight, undergrowth, dry season autumn and winter fallen leaves, do not bloom the problems such as bearing fruit, and survival rate is caused to reduce, and have to finally abandon introducing a fine variety.But
In recent years, the present inventor gropes by the several years, has developed a kind of method that can be suitble to plant olive in In Fujian Province, real
Proof is trampled, olive tree is planted in Fujian alpine belt using this method, survival rate of not only having is higher, but also can also normally bloom
As a result.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, providing a kind of improved olive implantation methods.The present invention
Method can be by Introduction of Olives Into survival rate from being increased to 80% or more less than 10%, while Growth status is healthy and strong, cool in high mountain
Area can normally yield positive results.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses following technological means:
A kind of implantation methods improving olive survival rate, comprising the following steps:
(1) seminal propagation
Green mature and half-mature Qie Mulaer olive fruit are harvested, sieve rubbing is put into, is then washed with water except pulp, dries in the shade, is stood
It is sown into seedbed, rudiment is unearthed after one month, and nursery stock is transplanted into nursery after growing to 5 ~ 8 cm high, and after cultivating 1 year, nursery stock mobile jib is thick
When up to 1cm, it is elected to be stock；
(2) it grafts
It selects annual sturdy olive branch to be grafted as scion, continues to cultivate 2 years in nursery, be then out of the garden cultivation
It plants；
(3) plantation hole is excavated
Selection has the gradient and level of ground water is lower than the plot of 1.2 m, excavates round plantation hole, diameter 1m, depth 1m；
(4) soil backfills
Soil and appropriate organic fertilizer, lime and crushed stone that plantation hole is dug out are mixed into obtain improvement soil, control lime-crushed stone pile,
Make soil pH value 6~8, the volume that rubble is added will account for the 50%~80% of backfill soil total volume, and improvement soil is backfilling into
In plantation hole, flush backfill soil top with ground；
(5) it transplants
Olive sapling is positioned at the backfill soil top in plantation hole, makes to set neck and is above the ground level 10~30 cm, spacing in the rows 4 ~ 6
Rice, then a small amount of improvement soil is backfilled, it treads, irrigates root water；
(6) it manages
Later period pays attention to water and fertilizer management, beta pruning and pest management.
Stock is the seedling of Qie Mulaer kind in step (1).
No. 8 tolerance high-humidity climates are planted in scion selection Buddhist Austria, beans fruit, Lay star, Chenggu 32, Ke Ladi or Hubei Province in step (2)
The stronger olive kind of ability, and the seedling after grafting is cultivated to the plantation that is just out of the garden for 2 years again in nursery.
Compared with existing olive planting technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, select the seedling of Qie Mulaer kind to do stock, well developed root system, drought resisting, it is waterlogging-resistant, resist barren, disease and insect resistance, parent
It is good with property, sufficient moisture and nutriment can be provided for the growth of olive tree, the high temperature of China's southeastern coast can be adapted to very well
Humid climate and acid heavy soil.Compared with common fruit of Cuspidate Olive and Buddhist Austria seedling do stock technology, seedling growth
Faster, the affinity and root diseases and insect pests resistance of stock and scion are stronger for speed.
2, the big olive seedling of selection 3 years or more the age of trees is transplanted, rather than selects the small sapling field planting at 1~2 age,
Nutrition deposit is sufficient, and when being endangered by disease pest, its own repair ability is strong, and survival rate is higher.
3, the crushed stone of 50% or more addition in soil is backfilled.Increase the gas permeability of soil, keep soil from packing together, can be also oil
Olive root provides sufficient oxygen, moreover it is possible to provide required mineral matter element for olive tree growth.In mountain area, rubble is than husky
The sponginesses material such as son, organic fertilizer is easier to obtain, and effect of keeping soil from packing together is more preferable.Rubble mixed ratio is much higher than existing
Technology thoroughly solves the problems, such as the hardened of soil.
4, when being colonized sapling, tree neck is above the ground level 10 cm or more, can prevent surface pond after long-time rainfall and cause
Butt rot.Compared to the prior art, the complicated procedures of forming such as Root growth can be saved.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited only to these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
(1) seminal propagation
The Qie Mulaer olive fruit for harvesting green mature, is put into sieve rubbing, is then washed with water except pulp, dries in the shade, be sown into immediately
Seedbed, rudiment is unearthed after one month, and nursery stock is transplanted into nursery after growing to 5 cm high, after cultivating 1 year, when nursery stock mobile jib slightly reaches 1cm,
It is elected to be stock；
(2) it grafts
Annual sturdy olive branch is selected to be grafted as scion, scion variety is beans fruit.After grafting successfully, in nursery
Inside continue culture 2 years, then transplanting；
(3) plantation hole is excavated
Selection has certain slope and level of ground water is lower than the plot of 1.2m, excavates round plantation hole, diameter 1m, and depth is
1m；
(4) soil backfills
Soil and appropriate organic fertilizer, lime and crushed stone that plantation hole is dug out are mixed into obtain improvement soil, control lime-crushed stone pile,
Make soil pH value 6 or so, the volume that rubble is added will account for the 50% of backfill soil total volume, and improvement soil is backfilling into plantation
In hole, flush backfill soil top with ground.
(5) it transplants
Olive sapling is positioned at the backfill soil top in plantation hole, makes to set neck and is above the ground level 10 cm, 5 meters of spacing in the rows, then return
A small amount of improvement soil is filled out, treads, irrigates root water；
(6) it manages
Pay attention to water and fertilizer management, beta pruning and pest management, specifically refers to Sichuan Province (regionality) provincial standard " DB510800/
T010-2010 High Yielding Cultivation Technique of Olea Europaea regulation ".
Before the present invention, control 2 years seedlings of beans fruit are colonized in Fujian alpine region, only 10% are survived after 1 year, and grow
Weaker, blade is sparse, and ground diameter is averagely only 1cm, hat width 0.5m；And after applying the present invention, transplant survival 100%, and tree vigo(u)r is strong
Strong, blade is dense, 2 cm of ground diameter average out to, and 1 meter of hat width.
Embodiment 2
(1) seminal propagation
Green mature and half-mature Qie Mulaer olive fruit are harvested, sieve rubbing is put into, is then washed with water except pulp, dries in the shade, is stood
It is sown into seedbed, rudiment is unearthed after one month, and nursery stock is transplanted into nursery after growing to 8 centimetres of height, and after cultivating 1 year, nursery stock mobile jib is thick
When up to 1cm, it is elected to be stock；
(2) it grafts
Annual sturdy olive branch is selected to be grafted as scion, scion variety Ke Ladi.After grafting successfully, in seedling
Continue culture 2 years in garden, then transplanting.
(3) plantation hole is excavated
Selection has certain slope and level of ground water is lower than the plot of 1.2 m, excavates round plantation hole, diameter 1m, and depth is
1m。
(4) soil backfills
Soil and appropriate organic fertilizer, lime and crushed stone that plantation hole is dug out are mixed into obtain improvement soil, control lime adding amount
It answers, makes soil pH value 7 or so, the volume that rubble is added will account for the 60% of backfill soil total volume, and improvement soil is backfilling into kind
It plants in hole, flushes backfill soil top with ground.
(5) it transplants
Olive sapling is positioned at the backfill soil top in plantation hole, makes to set neck and is above the ground level 15 cm, 6 m of spacing in the rows, then is returned
A small amount of improvement soil is filled out, treads, irrigates root water；
(6) it manages
Pay attention to water and fertilizer management, beta pruning and pest management, specifically refers to Sichuan Province (regionality) provincial standard " DB510800/
T010-2010 High Yielding Cultivation Technique of Olea Europaea regulation ".
Before the present invention, control 3 years seedlings of Ke Ladi are colonized in Fujian Minhou County alpine region, only 30% are survived after 1 year,
And growing way is weaker, and young sprout is less, ground diameter average out to 2 cm, hat width 0.6m；And after applying the present invention, transplant survival reaches
100%, and tree vigo(u)r is strong, and young sprout is more, 3 cm of ground diameter average out to, 0.8 m of hat width.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of implantation methods for improving olive survival rate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) seminal propagation
Green mature and half-mature Qie Mulaer olive fruit are harvested, sieve rubbing is put into, is then washed with water except pulp, dries in the shade, is stood
It is sown into seedbed, rudiment is unearthed after one month, and nursery stock is transplanted into nursery after growing to 5 ~ 8 cm high, and after cultivating 1 year, nursery stock mobile jib is thick
When up to 1cm, it is elected to be stock；
(2) it grafts
It selects annual sturdy olive branch to be grafted as scion, continues to cultivate 2 years in nursery, be then out of the garden cultivation
It plants；
(3) plantation hole is excavated
Selection has the gradient and level of ground water is lower than the plot of 1.2 m, excavates round plantation hole, diameter 1m, depth 1m；
(4) soil backfills
Soil and appropriate organic fertilizer, lime and crushed stone that plantation hole is dug out are mixed into obtain improvement soil, control lime-crushed stone pile,
Make soil pH value 6~8, the volume that rubble is added will account for the 50%~80% of backfill soil total volume, and improvement soil is backfilling into
In plantation hole, flush backfill soil top with ground
(5) it transplants
Olive sapling is positioned at the backfill soil top in plantation hole, makes to set neck and is above the ground level 10~30 cm, spacing in the rows 4 ~ 6
Rice, then a small amount of improvement soil is backfilled, it treads, irrigates root water；
(6) it manages
Later period pays attention to water and fertilizer management, beta pruning and pest management.
2. a kind of implantation methods for improving olive survival rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1)
Stock is the seedling of Qie Mulaer kind.
3. a kind of implantation methods for improving olive survival rate according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2)
Scion selects Buddhist Austria, beans fruit, Lay star, Chenggu 32, Ke Ladi or Hubei Province to plant No. 8 stronger olives of tolerance high-humidity climate ability
Kind, and the seedling after grafting is cultivated to the plantation that is just out of the garden for 2 years again in nursery.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811244339.0A CN109197345B (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Planting method for improving survival rate of olea europaea |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811244339.0A CN109197345B (en) | 2018-10-24 | 2018-10-24 | Planting method for improving survival rate of olea europaea |
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| CN109197345A true CN109197345A (en) | 2019-01-15 |
| CN109197345B CN109197345B (en) | 2020-08-18 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115956450A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-14 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Method for improving quality of olive grafted saplings |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101946695A (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2011-01-19 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Variety disposition technique for improving olive fruit bearing rate |
| CN105145126A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 甘肃省林业科学研究院 | Wedge-shaped scion grafting propagation method for olea europaea L. |
| CN106258734A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 砚山南亚源油橄榄种植有限责任公司 | A kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit |
-
2018
- 2018-10-24 CN CN201811244339.0A patent/CN109197345B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101946695A (en) * | 2010-09-26 | 2011-01-19 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Variety disposition technique for improving olive fruit bearing rate |
| CN105145126A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-16 | 甘肃省林业科学研究院 | Wedge-shaped scion grafting propagation method for olea europaea L. |
| CN106258734A (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 砚山南亚源油橄榄种植有限责任公司 | A kind of Ke Ladi and the domestication mating system of bean fruit |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115956450A (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-04-14 | 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 | Method for improving quality of olive grafted saplings |
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